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  • Springer  (74)
  • American Meteorological Society (AMS)
  • 2020-2021
  • 2000-2004  (16)
  • 1975-1979  (33)
  • 1955-1959  (7)
  • 1950-1954  (4)
  • 1935-1939  (14)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 256 (1978), S. 161-166 
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The system Na4(VO3)4-NaCl-H20 is taken as an example for ultracentrifugal measurements at sedimentation equilibrium to determine the molar mass and the valency of a polymer electrolyte in a ternary system when interactions exist between the polymer and the supporting electrolyte. The experimental apparent molar mass is obtained by extrapolation to zero value of concentration of both the polymeric and supporting electrolyte. It is possible to correlate the quantity (alnyPX z /amBX)mPXz at the point m PX z = 0 mole kg-1 with the apparent valency zapp of the polymeric anion.z app is related to the stoichiometric valency by the equationz app = z =a.Z. Thus the dissociation constant can be calculated for complete dissociation of the polymer electrolyte. The dependence of zapp and (aln y PX z /a m BX ) m PX z = 0 on concentration of the supporting electrolyte called for in the correlation is verified experimentally.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Am Beispiel des Systems Na4(VO3)4-NaCl-H2O wird untersucht, in welcher Weise Ultrazentrifugenmessungen im Sedimentationsgleichgewicht durchgeführt werden müssen, um die molare Masse und die Ladungszahl von Polymerelektrolyten in ternären Systemen unter der Bedingung von nicht vernachlässigbaren Wechselwirkungen zwischen Polymerund Fremdelektrolyt zu bestimmen. Es erweist sich, daß die experimentellen scheinbaren molaren Massen nicht nur auf die Polymerkonzentration Null extrapoliert werden müssen, sondern auch auf die Fremdelektrolytkonzentration Null. Es gelingt, die Ableitung (alnyPXz/amBx)mPXz an der StellemPXz = 0 mol kg-1 mit einer scheinbaren mittleren Ladungszahlz app des Polymeranions zu korrelieren. Zwischen dieser und der stöchiometrischen Ladungszahlz des Polymeranions besteht die Beziehungz app = Z =az, so daß die Dissoziationskonstante des Polymerelektrolyten für die summarische Dissoziation berechnet werden kann. Die aus dieser Korrelation folgenden Abhängigkeiten der scheinbaren mittleren Ladungszahlen und der Ableitung (alnypx z /amBX)Mpx z = 0 von der Konzentration des Fremdelektrolyten werden experimentell bestätigt.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The European physical journal 291 (1979), S. 353-365 
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The photodisintegration of the stable Lithium isotopes has been investigated by spectroscopy of the emitted charged particles using the Giessen bremsstrahlung facility. Protons, deuterons, tritons,3He and alpha particles were detected and identified up to 20MeV particle energy. Angular distributions were measured using γ-ray energies up toE γ =50 MeV. They are compared with theoretical predictions and with other experiments. A remarkable low (γ, t)-cross section was found for both isotopes in disagreement to previous measurements using virtual photons. Coincidence measurements between the emitted particles were performed in order to study the manybody-breakups of7Li.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 33 (1977), S. 1066-1068 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Vinblastine did not affect the basal secretion of enzymes from the rat pancreas, but it potentiates the secretory response to dibutyryl cyclic AMP. This potentiation is confirmed by the observation of numerous pictures of exocytosis at the apical part of the acinar cell. Dibutyryl cyclic GMP by itself, or associated with vinblastine, failed to modify the spontaneous release of enzymes or the secretion induced by dibutyryl cyclic AMP.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 32 (1976), S. 1276-1277 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The C and G chromosome banding patterns and the AgAS positive sites (NOR regions) of cultured lung cells of the Eastern mole (Scalopus aquaticus) are presented. A distinctive secondary constriction is found on a pair of autosomes instead of on the X-chromosome as previously believed. The presence of a heterochromatic heteromorphism is noted and a large amount of constitutive heterochromatin is present in the karyotype.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1572-8382
    Keywords: dialogue systems ; multilingual NL generation ; natural language processing ; public administration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Law
    Notes: Abstract This paper presents two projects concerned with the application of natural language processing technology for improving communication between Public Administration and citizens. The first project, GIST,is concerned with automatic multilingual generation of instructional texts for form-filling. The second project, TAMIC, aims at providing an interface for interactive access to information, centered on natural language processing and supposed to be used by the clerk but with the active participation of the citizen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Microchimica acta 68 (1977), S. 575-582 
    ISSN: 1436-5073
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die seit mehr als 70 Jahren bekannte Elektrogravimetrie mit einer einfachen drahtförmigen Elektrode wurde wegen der langen Abscheidungszeit, umständlicher Handhabung, manchmal geringer Genauigkeit und ähnlicher Umstände in den Hintergrund gedrängt. Nun wurde eine einfache Elektrolysezelle mit einer rasch rotierenden Helix-Kathode hergestellt, die auch einfach zu handhaben ist. Diese nur aus eineni 0,05 cm starken, 10–15 cm langen Platindraht bestehende Kathode ist auch leicht erScizbar. Umstände, die die Genauigkeit und Geschwindigkeit der Kupferabscheidung nach dem Verfahren von Milner und Whittem beeinflussen, wurden untersucht. Dieses Verfahren wurde soweit verbessert, daß 3–10 mg Kupfer in etwa 90 min zu 99,5% bestimmt werden können. Ähnliche Ergebnisse erhält man auch bei der Bestimmung des Kupfergehaltes in Bronze-Standardproben. Nach der Abscheidung des Kupfers wurde die Elektrolyse fortgeScizt, um Zinn und Blei zu bestimmen. Hierbei wurden 97,4±0,8% wiedergefunden.
    Notes: Summary Electrogravimetry with a simple wire cathode dates back more than 70 years. Work may have been discouraged by factors such as long deposition times, difficult technique and, sometimes, low precision. A simple cell that employs a rapidly-rotating helical cathode has now been designed. Easily constructed, the system is comparatively easy to use. The cathode, merely a 10–15-cm length of 0,05-cm platinum wire, is easily replaceable if damaged or lost. Factors that affect precision, accuracy, and speed of copper deposition by the Milner-Whittem procedure have been studied. An adaption of this procedure has been found to permit the recovery of 99.5% of 3–10 mg of copper in approximately 90 min. Similar results were obtained for copper in standard samples of bronze. After the copper deposition, electrolysis was continued to determine tin plus lead. Here the recovery was 97.4+0.8%.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Microchimica acta 44 (1956), S. 760-769 
    ISSN: 1436-5073
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Verfasser haben eine semimikro- und eine mikrogravimetrische Methode und ein spektrophotometrisches Verfahren zur Bestimmung von Calcium mit Loretin (7-Jod-8-hydroxychinolin-5-sulfonsäure) ausgearbeitet. Nach Festlegung des Umrechnungsfaktors des Calciumloretinats auf gravimetrischem und thermogravimetrischem Wege wurde gezeigt, daß durch Semimikrogravimetrie Calciummengen von 5 bis 50 mg mit einem mittleren Fehler von 0,35% bestimmbar sind. Die mikrogravimetrische Methode eignet sieh für 0,2 mg Calcium/ml mit einem mittleren Fehler von 0,45%. Der Einfluß einer Reihe von Fremdionen wurde untersucht. Die meisten davon stören nicht, auch wenn sie in bedeutender Menge vorhanden sind. Durch indirekte Spektrophotometrie, nämlich durch Auflösen des Calciumloretinats in überschüssiger Eisen(III)lösung gelang es, Calciummengen in der Größenordnung von 20μg mit einem mittleren Fehler von 0,35% zu bestimmen.
    Abstract: Summary The authors have elaborated a method (semi-micro and micro-gravimetric) and also a spectrophotometric method for determining calcium by means of loretin. After establishing the analytical factor for calcium loretinate by the gravimetric and the thermogravimetric methods, they showed the possibility of determining calcium on the semimicro gravimetric scale for quantities ranging from 5 mg to 50 mg, the mean error being 0.35%. The microgravimetric method allows the minimum quantity to be determined to be reduced to 0.2 mg calcium per ml, the mean error being 0.45%. A study was made of the influence of a number of foreign ions. Most of them do not harm the determination, even though they are present in considerable amounts. By indirect spectrophotometry, notably by dissolving the calcium loretinate in an excess of ferric solution, the writers have succeeded in determining amounts of calcium of the order of 20μg with a mean error of 0.35%.
    Notes: Résumé Les auteurs ont élaboré une méthode semi-micro et micro-gravimétrique et une méthode spectrophotométrique pour le dosage du calcium par la lorétine. Après avoir établi le facteur analytique du lorétinate de calcium par voie gravimétrique et thermogravimétrique, ils ont démontré la possibilité de doser le calcium à l'échelle semi-micro gravimétrique pour des quantités allant de 5 mg à 50 mg, l'erreur moyenne étant de 0,35%. La méthode microgravimétrique permet de ramener la quantité minima à doser à 0,2 mg de calcium par ml, l'erreur moyenne étant de 0,45%. L'influence d'une série d'ions étrangers fut étudiée. La plupart ne gênent pas le dosage, même s'ils sont présents en quantités importantes. Par spectrophotométrie indirecte, notamment en redissolvant le lorétinate de calcium dans un excès d'une solution ferrique, les auteurs ont réussi à doser des quantités de calcium de l'ordre de 20μg avec une erreur moyenne de 0,35%.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1436-5073
    Keywords: Key words: Aluminium; plasma-assisted nitriding; AlN; AES; TEM.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract.  Detailed examinations were made by AES depth profiling, SEM, TEM and electron diffraction to get information about the relation between treatment conditions and the state of plasma-nitrided aluminium. The chemical composition and the elemental depth distribution were proofed to be depending on gas phase mixture, pressure and temperature during plasma treatment. The admixture of hydrogen during presputtering for surface cleaning and during nitriding results both in an improved nitriding behaviour and in a reduction of the formation of conical-shaped particles at the surface. The microstructure of the nitride layer isn’t depending on tested process conditions significantly. Surface and interface between layer and substrate are roughly in a scale of a few ten nanometers owing to sputtering effects. The main phase inside the layer is nanocrystalline AlN of the known hexagonal modification. In addition, some crystallites of remaining aluminium are present as a second phase. In contrast to nitrogen-implanted aluminium no preferred lattice orientation of the AlN phase was evident.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Microchimica acta 41 (1953), S. 89-118 
    ISSN: 1436-5073
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es werden etwa 70 mikrochemische und andere Apparate beschrieben, die in den vergangenen 10 Jahren entwickelt wurden. Es handelt sich hierbei um Geräte zum Rühren u. dgl., Einrichtungen für die anorganische qualitative Analyse, Apparate für organische Zwecke, für elektrochemische und volumetrische Verfahren und für verschiedene andere Bedürfnisse.
    Abstract: Résumé On décrit environ 70 articles relatifs à l'appareillage microchimique et général mis au point pendant les 10 dernières années. L'appareillage est classé en 6 sections, c'est-à-dire, dispositifs pour l'agitation et ce qui s'y rapporte, pour l'analyse qualitative minérale, l'appareillage organique, les techniques électrochimiques, l'appareillage pour Volumétrie et des dispositifs variés.
    Notes: Summary About 70 pieces of microchemical and general apparatus developed during the past 10 years are described. The apparatus is classified in 6 sections, viz. stirring and allied devices, equipment for inorganic qualitative analysis, organic apparatus, electrochemical techniques, volumetric apparatus, and miscellaneous devices.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1572-9672
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Two FUV Spectral imaging instruments, the Spectrographic Imager (SI) and the Geocorona Photometer (GEO) provide IMAGE with simultaneous global maps of the hydrogen (121.8 nm) and oxygen 135.6 nm components of the terrestrial aurora and with observations of the three dimensional distribution of neutral hydrogen in the magnetosphere (121.6 nm). The SI is a novel instrument type, in which spectral separation and imaging functions are independent of each other. In this instrument, two-dimensional images are produced on two detectors, and the images are spectrally filtered by a spectrograph part of the instrument. One of the two detectors images the Doppler-shifted Lyman-α while rejecting the geocoronal `cold’ Ly-α, and another detector images the OI 135.6 nm emission. The spectrograph is an all-reflective Wadsworth configuration in which a grill arrangement is used to block most of the cold, un-Doppler-shifted geocoronal emission at 121.567 nm. The SI calibration established that the upper limit of transmission at cold geocoronal Ly-α is less than 2%. The measured light collecting efficiency was 0.01 and 0.008 cm2 at 121.8 and at 135.6 nm, respectively. This is consistent with the size of the input aperture, the optical transmission, and the photocathode efficiency. The expected sensitivity is 1.8×10−2 and 1.3×10−2 counts per Rayleigh per pixel for each 5 s viewing exposure per satellite revolution (120 s). The measured spatial resolution is better than the 128×128 pixel matrix over the 15°×15° field of view in both wavelength channels. The SI detectors are photon counting devices using the cross delay line principle. In each detector a triple stack microchannel plate (MCP) amplifies the photo-electronic charge which is then deposited on a specially configured anode array. The position of the photon event is measured by digitizing the time delay between the pulses detected at each end of the anode structures. This scheme is intrinsically faster than systems that use charge division and it has a further advantage that it saturates more gradually at high count rates. The geocoronal Ly-α is measured by a three-channel photometer system (GEO) which is a separate instrument. Each photometer has a built in MgF2 lens to restrict the field of view to one degree and a ceramic electron multiplier with a KBr photocathode. One of the tubes is pointing radially outward perpendicular to the axis of satellite rotation. The optic of the other two subtend 60° with the rotation axis. These instruments take data continuously at 3 samples per second and rely on the combination of satellite rotation and orbital motion to scan the hydrogen cloud surrounding the earth. The detective efficiencies (effective quantum efficiency including windows) of the three tubes at Ly-α are between 6 and 10%.
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