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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Collision avoidance and resolution multiple access with transmission queues (1999)
    Springer
    Wireless networks 5 (1999), S. 95-109 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8196
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract We introduce a stable multiple access protocol for broadcast channels shared by bursty stations, which we call CARMA-NTQ (for collision avoidance and resolution multiple access with non-persistence and transmission queues). Like previous efficient MAC protocols based on tree-splitting algorithms (e.g., DQRAP), CARMA-NTQ maintains a distributed queue for the transmission of data packets and a stack for the transmission of control packets used in collision resolution. However, CARMA-NTQ does not require the mini-slots commonly used in protocols based on collision resolution. CARMA-NTQ dynamically divides the channel into cycles of variable length; each cycle consists of a contention period and a queue-transmission period. The queue-transmission period is a variable-length train of packets, which are transmitted by stations that have been added to the distributed transmission queue by successfully completing a collision-resolution round in a previous contention period. During the contention period, stations with packets to send compete for the right to be added to the data-transmission queue using a deterministic first-success tree-splitting algorithm, so that a new station is added to the transmission queue. A lower bound is derived for the average throughput achieved with CARMA-NTQ as a function of the size of the transmission queue and the number of queue-addition requests that need to be resolved. This bound is based on the upper bound on the average number of collision resolution steps needed to resolve a given number of queue-add requests.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1019178423020
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Collision avoidance and resolution multiple access (CARMA) (1998)
    Springer
    Cluster computing 1 (1998), S. 197-212 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7543
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract The collision avoidance and resolution multiple access (CARMA) protocol is presented and analyzed. CARMA uses a collision avoidance handshake in which the sender and receiver exchange a request to send (RTS) and a clear to send (CTS) before the sender transmits any data. CARMA is based on carrier sensing, together with collision resolution based on a deterministic tree-splitting algorithm. For analytical purposes, an upper bound is derived for the average number of steps required to resolve collisions of RTSs using the tree-splitting algorithm. This bound is then applied to the computation of the average channel utilization in a fully connected network with a large number of stations. Under light-load conditions, CARMA achieves the same average throughput as multiple access protocols based on RTS/CTS exchange and carrier sensing. It is also shown that, as the arrival rate of RTSs increases, the throughput achieved by CARMA is close to the maximum throughput that any protocol based on collision avoidance (i.e., RTS/CTS exchange) can achieve if the control packets used to acquire the floor are much smaller than the data packet trains sent by the stations. Simulation results validate the simplifying approximations made in the analytical model. Our analysis results indicate that collision resolution makes floor acquisition multiple access much more effective.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1019089616850
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  • 3
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    Solution structure of the integral human membrane protein VDAC-1 in detergent micelles (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-08-30
    Description: The voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC) mediates trafficking of small molecules and ions across the eukaryotic outer mitochondrial membrane. VDAC also interacts with antiapoptotic proteins from the Bcl-2 family, and this interaction inhibits release of apoptogenic proteins from the mitochondrion. We present the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) solution structure of recombinant human VDAC-1 reconstituted in detergent micelles. It forms a 19-stranded beta barrel with the first and last strand parallel. The hydrophobic outside perimeter of the barrel is covered by detergent molecules in a beltlike fashion. In the presence of cholesterol, recombinant VDAC-1 can form voltage-gated channels in phospholipid bilayers similar to those of the native protein. NMR measurements revealed the binding sites of VDAC-1 for the Bcl-2 protein Bcl-x(L), for reduced beta-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, and for cholesterol. Bcl-x(L) interacts with the VDAC barrel laterally at strands 17 and 18.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2579273/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2579273/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hiller, Sebastian -- Garces, Robert G -- Malia, Thomas J -- Orekhov, Vladislav Y -- Colombini, Marco -- Wagner, Gerhard -- EB002026/EB/NIBIB NIH HHS/ -- GM066360/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM075879/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM47467/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P01 GM047467/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P01 GM047467-11/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P01 GM047467-12/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P01 GM047467-12S2/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P01 GM047467-13/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P01 GM047467-14/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P01 GM047467-14S1/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P01 GM047467-15/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P01 GM047467-16/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P01 GM047467-17/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P41 EB002026/EB/NIBIB NIH HHS/ -- P41 EB002026-28/EB/NIBIB NIH HHS/ -- P41 EB002026-29/EB/NIBIB NIH HHS/ -- P41 EB002026-30/EB/NIBIB NIH HHS/ -- P41 EB002026-31/EB/NIBIB NIH HHS/ -- P41 EB002026-32/EB/NIBIB NIH HHS/ -- P41 EB002026-33/EB/NIBIB NIH HHS/ -- P41 GM066360/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P41 GM066360-01/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P41 GM066360-02/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P41 GM066360-03/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P41 GM066360-04/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P41 GM066360-05/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM075879/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM075879-01/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM075879-02/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM075879-03/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM075879-04/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Aug 29;321(5893):1206-10. doi: 10.1126/science.1161302.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18755977" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Binding Sites ; Cholesterol/metabolism ; Detergents ; Dimethylamines ; Humans ; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions ; Ion Channel Gating ; Lipid Bilayers ; Micelles ; Molecular Sequence Data ; NAD/metabolism ; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Folding ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Recombinant Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Static Electricity ; Voltage-Dependent Anion Channel 1/*chemistry/*metabolism ; bcl-X Protein/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    Concept-matching IR systems versus word-matching information retrieval systems: Considering fuzzy interrelations for indexing Web pages (2006)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-01
    Print ISSN: 2330-1635
    Electronic ISSN: 2330-1643
    Topics: Computer Science , Information Science and Librarianship
    Published by Wiley on behalf of Association for Information Science and Technology.
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  • 5
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    Solution Structure of the Integral Human Membrane Protein VDAC-1 in Detergent Micelles (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-08-29
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science
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