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  • LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION  (3,181)
  • Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy  (2,588)
  • INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY  (2,078)
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  • 1
    ISSN: 1052-9306
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A method for the quantitative determination of chlorpromazine and five of its major metabolites in a single sample of biological fluid in the ng/ml range has been developed utilizing gas chromatography/mass spectrometry with selected ion recording. The assay is highly specific and quantification is accomplished by an inverse stable isotope dilution technique, using deuterium-labeled variants of the compounds as internal standards. In this way the concentrations of chlorpromazine and five of its major metabolites (the sulfoxide, the N-oxide, the monodemethylated, the didemethylated, and the 7-hydroxylated compounds) can be determined in biological fluids. Levels in humans have been measured both in plasma and in red blood cells and are compared to those found in related in vitro studies.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1075-4261
    Keywords: cholelithiasis ; gallstone ; bile salts ; periodic precipitation ; fractal precipitation ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: This is the first observation that both chaotic and periodic patterns are formed in metal ions-deoxycholate-gel systems. It is an in vitro model for approximating the conditions present during gallstone formation. The experimental results suggest that a nonlinear scientific concept such as the “butterfly effect” should be considered in understanding gallstone formation. This effect suggests that a butterfly flapping its wings in Beijing today may lead to a thunderstorm in New York months later. Applying this concept to biology, minor changes in the local chemical environment within biological systems may lead to large variations in the structure and morphology of gallstone through changes in the behavior of biological mineralization process. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biospect 3: 195-205, 1997
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: We analyzed ropy glasses from Apollo 12 soils 12032 and 12033 by a variety of techniques including SEM/EDX, electron microprobe analysis, INAA, and Ar-39-Ar-40 age dating. The ropy glasses have potassium rare earth elements phosphorous (KREEP)-like compositions different from those of local Apollo 12 mare soils; it is likely that the ropy glasses are of exotic origin. Mixing calculations indicate that the ropy glasses formed from a liquid enriched in KREEP and that the ropy glass liquid also contained a significant amount of mare material. The presence of solar Ar and a trace of regolith-derived glass within the ropy glasses are evidence that the ropy glasses contain a small regolith component. Anorthosite and crystalline breccia (KREEP) clasts occur in some ropy glasses. We also found within these glasses clasts of felsite (fine-grained granitic fragments) very similar in texture and composition to the larger Apollo 12 felsites, which have a Ar-39-Ar-40 degassing age of 800 +/- 15 Ma. Measurements of 39-Ar-40-Ar in 12032 ropy glass indicate that it was degassed at the same time as the large felsite although the ropy glass was not completely degassed. The ropy glasses and felsites, therefore, probably came from the same source. Most early investigators suggested that the Apollo 12 ropy glasses were part of the ejecta deposited at the Apollo 12 site from the Copernicus impact. Our new data reinforce this model. If these ropy glasses are from Copernicus, they provide new clues to the nature of the target material at the Copernicus site, a part of the Moon that has not been sampled directly.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Meteoritics (ISSN 0026-1114); 29; 3; p. 323-333
    Format: text
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 9 (1995), S. 712-716 
    ISSN: 0951-4198
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A variety of ionophores have been studied by packed column supercritical-fluid chromatography combined with mass spectrometry. One of the ionophores, lasalocid, provided particularly good multiple-reaction monitoring signal-to-noise responses when analysed by tandem mass spectrometry and this approach shows considerable potential for the analysis of this compound in medicated animal feeds. A capillary supercritical-fluid chromatograph has been interfaced to an unmodified benchtop quadrupole mass spectrometer and this combination has enabled the molecular weight determination of the sodium salt of an ionophore.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1052-9306
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A new method for quantitating adenosine concentration by capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-selected ion monitoring (GC-MS-SIM) has been developed and used as a reference method for evaluating a newly developed radioimmunoassay (RIA) for adenosine. Details of the GC-MS-SIM method are presented, along with the comparative results and uncertainties of both methods. General considerations in the statistical analysis of method comparison data are discussed with particular reference to studies using quantitative mass spectrometry as the standard method; the adenosine methods are used as specific examples in this discussion. Simultaneous estimation of the y-intercept and slope of the least squares regression line relating the results of the two methods using the 95% joint confidence ellipse demonstrated the absence of either constant or proportional error between the two methods. The relatively small uncertainty in the GC-MS-SIM measurements had no significant effect on the linear regression. Random error between the two methods was detected, and was estimated by the coefficient of variation in the RIA data as ten percent of the RIA value.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 4 (1990), S. 108-113 
    ISSN: 0951-4198
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A method is described whereby, under software control, the scan function employed to collisionally excite ions in an ion-trap mass spectrometer is regulated so as to obtain parent ion (fixed product) tandem mass spectral data. At the same time, constant neutral-loss information is also provided. Key features are the automatic ‘intelligent’ selection of parent ions from observation of the initial mass spectrum and the scanning of the applied ‘tickle’ frequency in order to locate the precise resonance points for excitation of these ions. Results for the model compounds perfluorotributylamine (‘FC43’) and n-butylbenzene are reported and complicating effects such as the unimolecular decay of the precursor ion species and charge exchange between product ions and the original sample material are discussed.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 4 (1990), S. 415-417 
    ISSN: 0951-4198
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The aims of the investigation were to use the method of dynamically programmed scans to study in detail some tandem mass spectrometric characteristics of the ion-trap mass spectrometer and then to use the programs to investigate the possibility of performing benchtop gas chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry experiments on the standard instrument. In particular we have examined the effect of applying a DC ramp during the ‘tickle’ period as a means of broadening the range of resonant frequencies, thereby facilitating the tuning required to effect excitation.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1040-7685
    Keywords: supercrirical fluid chromatography ; mass spectrometry ; capillary column ; inositol ; phosphate ; phytic acid ; silyl derivatives ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Capillary supercritical fluid chromatography with flame ionization detection appears promising for the separation and detection of silylated inositol phosphates. Inositol triphosphate and phytic acid, following ion exchange to their fully protonated forms, were silylated in one step with the addition of 9 and 12 trimethylsilyl groups, respectively. The resulting derivatives are well behaved in open-tubular chromatography columns with methyl-silicone stationary phase when CO2 is used as the mobile phase. Both flow-splitting and directinjection methods were evaluated. The identities of the derivatives were confirmed by supercritical fluid chromatography-mass spectrometry using chemical ionization with both ammonia and isobutane, and using electron ionization - CO2 charge exchange.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1052-9306
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: As part of a study to make a comparative analysis of selected halogenated compounds in man and the environmental media, a quantitative gas chromatographic mass spectrometric analysis of the levels of the halogenated compounds found in the breath, blood and urine of an exposed population (Old Love Canal area, Niagara, New York) and their immediate environment (air and water) was undertaken. In addition, levels of halogenated hydrocarbons in air samples taken in the general Buffalo, Niagara Falls area were determined.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1052-9306
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Selected ion monitoring of vitamin D metabolites has previously been described but there has been only one detailed description of the measurement by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) of a number of metabolites in a single plasma sample. We describe here a GC/MS method, using stable isotope labelled internal standards, which allows the estimation of vitamins D2 and D3, and their 25-hydroxy, 24,25-dihydroxy and 25,26-dihydroxy metabolites in a single 2 ml sample of plasma, although more is needed for the measurement of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. Plasma was extracted on Bond Elut C18 cartridges and initial fractionation carried out on Sep-Pak SIL. Straight-phase high-performance liquid chromatography was required for separation of polyhydroxylated metabolites prior to GC/MS using an LKB 2091 mass spectrometer with conventional packed columns. n-Butylboronate esters were formed across vicinal hydroxyls, followed by formation of trimethylsilyl ethers using trimethylsilylimidazole. The [M - 90 - 15]+ ion for each compound was monitored. Deuterated internal standards were not available for all metabolites and it was necessary to use (2H6)D3 and (2H6)25OHD3 as standards for the measurement of D2 and D3, and 25OHD3 and 25OHD2, respectively, and (2H6)24,25(OH)2D3 as a standards for 24,25(OH)2D3 and 25,26(OH)2D2. Although the [M - 90 - 15]+ ion of 24,25(OH)2D and 25,26(OH)2D has the same mass: charge ratio, derivatives of these compounds are completely separated in the GC system used. The intra-assay precision for all these assays is usually less than 5%.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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