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  • 2020-2024  (48)
  • 2024  (6)
  • 2023  (42)
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  • 2020-2024  (48)
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  • 1
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    Selbstwirksamkeit im Lehrberuf (2023)
    Waxmann Verlag
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: Published
    Description: Selbstwirksamkeit gehört zu den am häufigsten untersuchten motivationalen Merkmalen von Lehrpersonen. Trotz der Popularität des Konstrukts sind grundlegende Forschungsfragen empirisch unbeantwortet. Die Publikation stellt zunächst den internationalen Forschungsstand zur Selbstwirksamkeit im Lehrberuf umfassend und systematisch dar. Anschließend widmen sich vier Studien bislang wenig eingenommenen Forschungsperspektiven: Mit der Entwicklung und Validierung einer Skala zur Erfassung der Quellen von Selbstwirksamkeit wird eine wichtige Forschungslücke geschlossen. Mediatoranalysen erweitern die Erkenntnisse über die Entstehung von Selbstwirksamkeit. Die Veränderung und das Zusammenspiel von Selbstwirksamkeit und Beanspruchungserleben im Lehramtsstudium werden mit komplexen Längsschnittmodellen untersucht. Analysiert wird darüber hinaus die Bedeutung von domänenspezifisch differenziert erfasster Selbstwirksamkeit für die Qualität von Unterricht.
    Keywords: Selbstwirksamkeitsüberzeugungen ; Selbstwirksamkeitserwartungen ; Selbstwirksamkeitstheorie ; sozial-kognitive Theorie ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JN Education::JNM Higher & further education, tertiary education::JNMT Teacher training ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JN Education::JNC Educational psychology ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JM Psychology::JMC Child & developmental psychology ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education::JNM Higher education, tertiary education::JNMT Teacher training ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education::JNC Educational psychology ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JM Psychology::JMC Child, developmental and lifespan psychology
    Language: German
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  • 2
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    Genetic factors affecting the composition and quality of cow’s milk (2023)
    Burleigh Dodds Science Publishing | Burleigh Dodds Science Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: This chapter reviews the genetic factors affecting the composition and quality of cow's milk. It starts by discussing how different breeds of cattle can affect the composition of milk. The chapter then goes on to examine milk proteins, genetic variants and post-translational modifications. It then discusses milk coagulation and other functional properties, before highlighting the genetic influence of fatty acids on minor milk components. The chapter also discusses using mid-infrared spectroscopy for genetic parameter estimation, before concluding with a section on the possibilities for genetic improvement in relation to dairy milk.
    Keywords: milk genomics ; protein ; fatty acid ; heritability ; genetics ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TV Agriculture and farming::TVH Animal husbandry::TVHF Dairy farming ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TV Agriculture and farming::TVF Sustainable agriculture ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TV Agriculture and farming::TVH Animal husbandry ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TV Agriculture and farming::TVH Animal husbandry::TVHF Dairy farming ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TV Agriculture and farming::TVF Sustainable agriculture ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TV Agriculture and farming::TVH Animal husbandry
    Language: English
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    E-BOOK
  • 3
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    Climate targets, carbon dioxide removal and the potential role of Ocean Alkalinity Enhancement (2023)
    Copernicus Publications (EGU)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-08
    Description: The Paris Agreement to limit global warming to well below 2 °C requires ambitious emission reduction and the balancing of remaining emissions through carbon sinks, i.e. the deployment of carbon dioxide removal (CDR). While ambitious climate protection scenarios until now consider primarily land-based CDR methods, there is growing concern about their potential to deliver sufficient CDR, and marine CDR options receive more and more interest. Based on idealized theoretical studies, Ocean Alkalinity Enhancement (OAE) appears as a promising marine CDR method. However, the knowledge base is insufficient for a robust assessment of its practical feasibility, of its side effects, social and governance aspects as well as monitoring, reporting and verification issues. A number of research efforts aim to improve this in a timely manner. We provide an overview on the current situation of developing OAE as marine CDR method, and describe the history that has led to the creation of the OAE research Best Practices Guide.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed , info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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    PAPER (OCEANREP)
  • 4
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    Seawater carbonate chemistry considerations for ocean alkalinity enhancement research: theory, measurements, and calculations (2023)
    Copernicus Publications (EGU)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-08
    Description: Ocean alkalinity enhancement (OAE) is a proposed marine carbon dioxide removal (mCDR) approach that has the potential for large-scale uptake of significant amounts of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2). Removing anthropogenic legacy CO2 will be required to stabilise global surface temperatures below the 1.5–2 ∘C Paris Agreement target of 2015. In this chapter we describe the impacts of various OAE feedstocks on seawater carbonate chemistry, as well as pitfalls that need to be avoided during sampling, storage, and measurement of the four main carbonate chemistry parameters, i.e. dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), total alkalinity (TA), pH, and CO2 fugacity (fCO2). Finally, we also discuss considerations in regard to calculating carbonate chemistry speciation from two measured parameters. Key findings are that (1) theoretical CO2 uptake potential (global mean of 0.84 mol of CO2 per mole of TA added) based on carbonate chemistry calculations is probably secondary in determining the oceanic region in which OAE would be best; (2) carbonate chemistry sampling is recommended to involve gentle pressure filtration to remove calcium carbonate (CaCO3) that might have been precipitated upon TA increase as it would otherwise interfere with a number of analyses; (3) samples for DIC and TA can be stabilised to avoid the risk of secondary CaCO3 precipitation during sample storage; and (4) some OAE feedstocks require additional adjustments to carbonate chemistry speciation calculations using available programs and routines, for instance if seawater magnesium or calcium concentrations are modified.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 5
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    Guide to Best Practices in Ocean Alkalinity Enhancement Research (OAE Guide 23) (2023)
    Copernicus Publications (EGU)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-11
    Description: Ocean alkalinity enhancement (OAE) is a marine carbon dioxide removal (CDR) approach. Publicly funded research projects have begun, and philanthropic funding and start-ups are collectively pushing the field forward. This rapid progress in research activities has created an urgent need to learn if and how OAE can work at scale. The Best Practices Guide to OAE research contains 7 topics broken down into 13 chapters that compare and synthesise previously published methods and offer guidance for future research.
    Type: Article , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 6
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    The appendicularian Oikopleura dioica can enhance carbon export in a high CO2 ocean (2024)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-02
    Description: Gelatinous zooplankton are increasingly recognized to play a key role in the ocean's biological carbon pump. Appendicularians, a class of pelagic tunicates, are among the most abundant gelatinous plankton in the ocean, but it is an open question how their contribution to carbon export might change in the future. Here, we conducted an experiment with large volume in situ mesocosms (~55–60 m3 and 21 m depth) to investigate how ocean acidification (OA) extreme events affect food web structure and carbon export in a natural plankton community, particularly focusing on the keystone species Oikopleura dioica, a globally abundant appendicularian. We found a profound influence of O. dioica on vertical carbon fluxes, particularly during a short but intense bloom period in the high CO2 treatment, during which carbon export was 42%–64% higher than under ambient conditions. This elevated flux was mostly driven by an almost twofold increase in O. dioica biomass under high CO2. This rapid population increase was linked to enhanced fecundity (+20%) that likely resulted from physiological benefits of low pH conditions. The resulting competitive advantage of O. dioica resulted in enhanced grazing on phytoplankton and transfer of this consumed biomass into sinking particles. Using a simple carbon flux model for O. dioica, we estimate that high CO2 doubled the carbon flux of discarded mucous houses and fecal pellets, accounting for up to 39% of total carbon export from the ecosystem during the bloom. Considering the wide geographic distribution of O. dioica, our findings suggest that appendicularians may become an increasingly important vector of carbon export with ongoing OA.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 7
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    Drivers of Particle Sinking Velocities in the Peruvian Upwelling System (2023)
    Copernicus Publications (EGU)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-07
    Description: As one of Earth's most productive marine ecosystems, the Peruvian upwelling system transports large amounts of biogenic matter from the surface to the deep ocean. Whilst particle sinking velocity is a key factor controlling the biological pump, thereby affecting carbon sequestration and O2-depletion, it has not yet been measured in this system. During a 50 d mesocosm experiment in the surface waters off the coast of Peru, we assessed particle sinking velocities and their biogeochemical and physical drivers. We further characterized the general properties of exported particles under different phytoplankton communities and nutritional states. Average sinking velocities varied between size classes and ranged from 12.8 ± 0.7 m d−1 (particles 40–100 µm) to 19.4 ± 0.7 m d−1 (particles 100–250 µm) and 34.2 ± 1.5 m d−1 (particles 250–1000 µm) (± 95 % CI). Despite a distinct plankton succession from diatoms to dinoflagellates with concomitant 5-fold drop in opal ballasting, substantial changes in sinking velocity were not observed. This illustrates the complexity of counteracting factors driving the settling behaviour of marine particles. In contrast, we found higher sinking velocities with increasing particle size and roundness and decreasing porosity. Size had by far the strongest influence among these physical particle properties, despite a high amount of unexplained variability. Our study provides a detailed analysis of the drivers of particle sinking velocity in the Peruvian upwelling system, which allows modellers to optimize local particle flux parameterization. This will help to better project oxygen concentrations and carbon sequestration in a region that is subject to substantial climate-driven changes.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed , info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 8
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    Extracellular enzyme activity in the coastal upwelling system off Peru: a mesocosm experiment (2023)
    Copernicus Publications (EGU)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-07
    Description: The Peruvian upwelling system is a highly productive ecosystem with a large oxygen minimum zone (OMZ) close to the surface. In this work, we carried out a mesocosm experiment off Callao, Peru, with the addition of water masses from the regional OMZ collected at two different sites simulating two different upwelling scenarios. Here, we focus on the pelagic remineralization of organic matter by the extracellular enzyme activity of leucine aminopeptidase (LAP) and alkaline phosphatase activity (APA). After the addition of the OMZ water, dissolved inorganic nitrogen (N) was depleted, but the standing stock of phytoplankton was relatively high, even after N depletion (mostly 〉 4 µg chlorophyll a L−1). During the initial phase of the experiment, APA was 0.6 nmol L−1 h−1 even though the PO concentration was 〉 0.5 µmol L−1. Initially, the dissolved organic phosphorus (DOP) decreased, coinciding with an increase in the PO concentration that was probably linked to the APA. The LAP activity was very high, with most of the measurements in the range of 200–800 nmol L−1 h−1. This enzyme hydrolyzes terminal amino acids from larger molecules (e.g., peptides or proteins), and these high values are probably linked to the highly productive but N-limited coastal ecosystem. Moreover, the experiment took place during a rare coastal El Niño event with higher than normal surface temperatures, which could have affected enzyme activity. Using a nonparametric multidimensional scaling analysis (NMDS) with a generalized additive model (GAM), we found that biogeochemical variables (e.g., nutrient and chlorophyll-a concentrations) and phytoplankton and bacterial communities explained up to 64 % of the variability in APA. The bacterial community best explained the variability (34 %) in LAP. The high hydrolysis rates for this enzyme suggest that pelagic N remineralization, likely driven by the bacterial community, supported the high standing stock of primary producers in the mesocosms after N depletion.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed , info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 9
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    Potential role of seaweeds in climate change mitigation (2023)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-07
    Description: Seaweed (macroalgae) has attracted attention globally given its potential for climate change mitigation. A topical and contentious question is: Can seaweeds' contribution to climate change mitigation be enhanced at globally meaningful scales? Here, we provide an overview of the pressing research needs surrounding the potential role of seaweed in climate change mitigation and current scientific consensus via eight key research challenges. There are four categories where seaweed has been suggested to be used for climate change mitigation: 1) protecting and restoring wild seaweed forests with potential climate change mitigation co-benefits; 2) expanding sustainable nearshore seaweed aquaculture with potential climate change mitigation co-benefits; 3) offsetting industrial CO2 emissions using seaweed products for emission abatement; and 4) sinking seaweed into the deep sea to sequester CO2. Uncertainties remain about quantification of the net impact of carbon export from seaweed restoration and seaweed farming sites on atmospheric CO2. Evidence suggests that nearshore seaweed farming contributes to carbon storage in sediments below farm sites, but how scalable is this process? Products from seaweed aquaculture, such as the livestock methane-reducing seaweed Asparagopsis or low carbon food resources show promise for climate change mitigation, yet the carbon footprint and emission abatement potential remains unquantified for most seaweed products. Similarly, purposely cultivating then sinking seaweed biomass in the open ocean raises ecological concerns and the climate change mitigation potential of this concept is poorly constrained. Improving the tracing of seaweed carbon export to ocean sinks is a critical step in seaweed carbon accounting. Despite carbon accounting uncertainties, seaweed provides many other ecosystem services that justify conservation and restoration and the uptake of seaweed aquaculture will contribute to the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. However, we caution that verified seaweed carbon accounting and associated sustainability thresholds are needed before large-scale investment into climate change mitigation from seaweed projects.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 10
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    Climate-damaging subsidies correspond to negative CO2 prices (2024)
    Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research
    In:  Ariadne-Dossier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-21
    Description: There has long been a debate about climate-damaging subsidies in the German transport sector, and the financial restrictions resulting from the Federal Constitutional Court’s budget judgement at the end of 2023 have intensified the debate. This dossier is the first to convert the level of subsidies in the transport sector into negative CO2 prices to present a scientific categorisation of their significance for climate policy. The concept of implicit negative CO2 prices shows the extent to which subsidies implicitly reward citizens for emitting a tonne of CO2, rather than paying for the emissions.
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/report
    Format: application/pdf
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