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  • 1
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    Diatom-mediated food web functioning under ocean artificial upwelling (2024)
    Springer Nature
    In:  EPIC3Scientific Reports, Springer Nature, 14(1), pp. 3955-3955, ISSN: 2045-2322
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-25
    Description: Enhancing ocean productivity by artificial upwelling is evaluated as a nature-based solution for food security and climate change mitigation. Fish production is intended through diatom-based plankton food webs as these are assumed to be short and efficient. However, our findings from mesocosm experiments on artificial upwelling in the oligotrophic ocean disagree with this classical food web model. Here, diatoms did not reduce trophic length and instead impaired the transfer of primary production to crustacean grazers and small pelagic fish. The diatom-driven decrease in trophic efficiency was likely mediated by changes in nutritional value for the copepod grazers. Whilst diatoms benefitted the availability of essential fatty acids, they also caused unfavorable elemental compositions via high carbon-to-nitrogen ratios (i.e. low protein content) to which the grazers were unable to adapt. This nutritional imbalance for grazers was most pronounced in systems optimized for CO2 uptake through carbon-to-nitrogen ratios well beyond Redfield. A simultaneous enhancement of fisheries production and carbon sequestration via artificial upwelling may thus be difficult to achieve given their opposing stoichiometric constraints. Our study suggest that food quality can be more critical than quantity to maximize food web productivity during shorter-term fertilization of the oligotrophic ocean.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
    Format: application/pdf
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    PAPER (OA)
  • 2
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    KOSMOS mesocosm experiment Gran Canaria 2019 on testing the effect of nutrient composition (Si:N) during artificial upwelling: environment, nutrients and carbonate chemistry (2022)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-07-04
    Description: Physio-chemical data from the mesocosms experiment conducted in the Canary Islands in autumn 2019. Values are depth-integrated averages in (mostly) 2-days intervals over the course of 33 days. The upwelling treatment started on day 6. Oxygen (O2), salinity, temperature, photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and pH were measured from 0.3 to 2.5 m depth via three replicate CTD casts. Dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and the inorganic nutrients nitrite (NO2), combined nitrate and nitrite (NO3 + NO2), ammonia (NH4), phosphate (PO4) and silicate (Si(OH)4) were measured in triplicates on depth integrated water samples from 0 to 2.5 m depth. Total alkalinity (TA) was measured from the same water samples but in duplicates. Then, pCO2 and nitrate was calculated. Methodological details in Goldenberg et al. (doi:10.3389/fmars.2022.1015188).
    Keywords: Alkalinity, total; Ammonium; artificial upwelling; Canarias Sea; Carbon, inorganic, dissolved; Carbon dioxide, partial pressure; carbon dioxide removal; CDRmare; DAM CDRmare - Test-ArtUp: Road testing ocean artificial upwelling; DATE/TIME; Day of experiment; diatoms; Event label; GC2019; KOSMOS; KOSMOS_2019; KOSMOS_2019_Mesocosm-M1; KOSMOS_2019_Mesocosm-M2; KOSMOS_2019_Mesocosm-M3; KOSMOS_2019_Mesocosm-M4; KOSMOS_2019_Mesocosm-M5; KOSMOS_2019_Mesocosm-M6; KOSMOS_2019_Mesocosm-M7; KOSMOS_2019_Mesocosm-M8; KOSMOS Gran Canaria; MESO; Mesocosm experiment; Mesocosm label; negative emission technology; Nitrate; Nitrite; Ocean Artificial Upwelling; Ocean-artUp; ocean fertilization; Oxygen; pH; Phase description; Phosphate; Radiation, photosynthetically active; Research Mission of the German Marine Research Alliance (DAM): Marine carbon sinks in decarbonisation pathways; Salinity; Si:N; Silicate; silicic acid; Temperature, water; Test-ArtUp; Treatment
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 2327 data points
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  • 3
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    KOSMOS mesocosm experiment Gran Canaria 2019 on testing the effect of nutrient composition (Si:N) during artificial upwelling: export flux and sinking particle properties (2023)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-11-15
    Description: Export data from the mesocosm experiment conducted in the Canary Islands in autumn 2019. Sinking matter was collected in 2-days intervals over the course of 33 days from the mesocosm sediment traps (4 m depth). Sediment samples were processed and subsampled for duplicate measurements of particulate organic carbon (POC), nitrogen (PON), phosphorus (POP) and biogenic silica (BSi). Elemental mass fluxes in µmol L-1 were calculated by normalizing to the mesocosm volume. They were then either normalized to the time between sample collection (48 h) to obtain daily mass fluxes (µmol L-1 d-1), or added up to obtain cumulative mass fluxes (µmol L-1). Another set of sediment subsamples was analyzed for particle sinking velocities, sizes and porosities (bidaily) and microbial remineralization rates (every 4 days).
    Keywords: AQUACOSM; artificial upwelling; Biogenic silica, flux, cumulative; Biogenic silica, flux per day; Biogenic silica, weight fraction; Canarias Sea; Carbon, organic, particulate, flux, cumulative; Carbon, organic, particulate, flux per day; Carbon/Nitrogen, molar ratio; carbon dioxide removal; CDRmare; DAM CDRmare - Test-ArtUp: Road testing ocean artificial upwelling; DATE/TIME; Day of experiment; DEPTH, water, experiment; diatoms; Equivalent spherical diameter; Event label; GC2019; KOSMOS; KOSMOS_2019; KOSMOS_2019_Mesocosm-M1; KOSMOS_2019_Mesocosm-M2; KOSMOS_2019_Mesocosm-M3; KOSMOS_2019_Mesocosm-M4; KOSMOS_2019_Mesocosm-M5; KOSMOS_2019_Mesocosm-M6; KOSMOS_2019_Mesocosm-M7; KOSMOS_2019_Mesocosm-M8; KOSMOS Gran Canaria; MESO; Mesocosm experiment; Mesocosm label; negative emission technology; Network of Leading European AQUAtic MesoCOSM Facilities Connecting Mountains to Oceans from the Arctic to the Mediterranean; Nitrogen, organic, particulate, flux, cumulative; Nitrogen, organic, particulate, flux per day; Nitrogen/Phosphorus, molar ratio; Ocean Artificial Upwelling; Ocean-artUp; ocean fertilization; Particle porosity; Phase description; Phosphorus, organic, particulate, flux, cumulative; Phosphorus, organic, particulate, flux per day; Remineralisation rate of carbon per day; Research Mission of the German Marine Research Alliance (DAM): Marine carbon sinks in decarbonisation pathways; Si:N; silicic acid; Silicon/Nitrogen, molar ratio; Sinking velocity; Size fraction 100-250 µm; Size fraction 250-1000 µm; Size fraction 40-100 µm; Test-ArtUp; Treatment
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 3164 data points
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  • 4
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    KOSMOS mesocosm experiment Gran Canaria 2019 on testing the effect of nutrient composition (Si:N) during artificial upwelling: mesozooplankton carbon and nitrogen content and stable isotope δ15N (2023)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-12-28
    Description: Mesozooplankton (mesoZP) per capita mass, elemental composition and stable N isotopes during the mesocosm experiment in the Canary Islands in autumn 2019. Depth-integrated (0-2.5m) water samples were taken over the course of 33 days. Metazoan zooplankton were split into three size fractions (55-200, 200-500 and 〉500 µm), picked into tin cups in groups and C, N and δ15N measured in an element analyser coupled to a mass spectrometer. Particulate organic matter (〉0.7µm) was also measured for a comparison of C/N between the bottom of the food web and mesoZP grazers. The upwelling treatment started on day 6. Methodological details in Goldenberg et al. (doi:10.3389/fmars.2022.1015188) and Goldenberg et al. (under review).
    Keywords: AQUACOSM; artificial upwelling; Calculated; Canarias Sea; Carbon/Nitrogen ratio; carbon dioxide removal; CDRmare; DAM CDRmare - Test-ArtUp: Road testing ocean artificial upwelling; DATE/TIME; Day of experiment; Depth, water, experiment, bottom/maximum; Depth, water, experiment, top/minimum; diatoms; ecological stoichiometry; Event label; Field experiment; Functional group; GC2019; KOSMOS; KOSMOS_2019; KOSMOS_2019_Mesocosm-M1; KOSMOS_2019_Mesocosm-M2; KOSMOS_2019_Mesocosm-M3; KOSMOS_2019_Mesocosm-M4; KOSMOS_2019_Mesocosm-M5; KOSMOS_2019_Mesocosm-M6; KOSMOS_2019_Mesocosm-M7; KOSMOS_2019_Mesocosm-M8; KOSMOS Gran Canaria; MESO; mesocosm experiment; Mesocosm experiment; Mesocosm label; Mesozooplankton; Mesozooplankton, biomass as carbon; Mesozooplankton, biomass as carbon per individual; Mesozooplankton, biomass as nitrogen; Mesozooplankton, biomass as nitrogen per individual; Mesozooplankton, carbon/nitrogen ratio; negative emission technology; Network of Leading European AQUAtic MesoCOSM Facilities Connecting Mountains to Oceans from the Arctic to the Mediterranean; Ocean Artificial Upwelling; Ocean-artUp; ocean fertilization; Phase description; plankton food web; Research Mission of the German Marine Research Alliance (DAM): Marine carbon sinks in decarbonisation pathways; Size fraction; Stable isotope; System state description; Taxon/taxa; Test-ArtUp; Treatment; trophic transfer; Type of study; δ15N, mesozooplankton
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 11197 data points
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  • 5
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    KOSMOS mesocosm experiment Gran Canaria 2019 on testing the effect of nutrient composition (Si:N) during artificial upwelling: mesozooplankton trophic level and fish biomass and feeding (2023)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-12-27
    Description: Mesozooplankton trophic position (via copepod δ15N) to approximate food web length as well as fish production (via biomass increase) and feeding rate (via stomach content) during the mesocosm experiment in the Canary Islands in autumn 2019. Copepods 〉200µm were sampled depth-integrated (0-2.5m) on day 13. At this time, copepods represented the top of the food web as fish were not yet present. Individuals were picked in groups into tin capsules and δ15N measured in a mass spectrometer. Particulate organic matter(〉0.7µm) δ15N was also measured to calculate an autotroph baseline. The difference between copepod and autotroph δ15N was used as trophic level proxy. A small pelagic fish (silverside, Atherina presbyter) was introduced to the mesocosms on day 15. On day 18, for a subset of fish, stomachs content was assessed to estimate feeding success. On day 21, all fish were sampled for biomass and abundance. The upwelling treatment started on day 6. Methodological details in Goldenberg et al. (doi:10.3389/fmars.2022.1015188) and Goldenberg et al. (under review).
    Keywords: AQUACOSM; artificial upwelling; Atherina presbyter, juvenile; Atherina presbyter, juvenile, standard length; Atherina presbyter, juvenile, wet mass; Atherina presbyter, larvae; Atherina presbyter, larvae, standard length; Atherina presbyter, larvae, wet mass; Calculated; Canarias Sea; carbon dioxide removal; CDRmare; Copepoda; Copepoda, biomass as carbon, per fish stomach; Copepoda, biomass as nitrogen; Copepoda, δ15N; DAM CDRmare - Test-ArtUp: Road testing ocean artificial upwelling; DATE/TIME; Day of experiment; Depth, water, experiment, bottom/maximum; Depth, water, experiment, top/minimum; diatoms; Event label; Field experiment; food production; GC2019; KOSMOS; KOSMOS_2019; KOSMOS_2019_Mesocosm-M1; KOSMOS_2019_Mesocosm-M2; KOSMOS_2019_Mesocosm-M3; KOSMOS_2019_Mesocosm-M4; KOSMOS_2019_Mesocosm-M5; KOSMOS_2019_Mesocosm-M6; KOSMOS_2019_Mesocosm-M7; KOSMOS_2019_Mesocosm-M8; KOSMOS Gran Canaria; MESO; mesocosm experiment; Mesocosm experiment; Mesocosm label; negative emission technology; Network of Leading European AQUAtic MesoCOSM Facilities Connecting Mountains to Oceans from the Arctic to the Mediterranean; Number of copepoda, per fish stomach; Number of samples; Ocean Artificial Upwelling; Ocean-artUp; ocean fertilization; plankton food web; Research Mission of the German Marine Research Alliance (DAM): Marine carbon sinks in decarbonisation pathways; Sample type; small pelagic fish; Test-ArtUp; Treatment; trophic transfer; Type of study; δ15N; δ15N, particulate organic matter
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 328 data points
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  • 6
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    KOSMOS mesocosm experiment Gran Canaria 2019 on testing the effect of nutrient composition (Si:N) during artificial upwelling: microzooplankton, mesozooplankton and toxins (2023)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-12-27
    Description: Microzooplankton (microZP, protists) and mesozooplankton (mesoZP, metazoans) abundances and biomass as well as presence of domoic acid (DA, phycotoxin) during the mesocosm experiment in the Canary Islands in autumn 2019. Depth-integrated (0-2.5m) water samples were taken over the course of 33 days, in 2-day intervals for microZP and mesoZP and 4-day intervals for DA. MicroZP was assessed by Utermöhl light microscopy and its biomass estimated using biovolume to carbon conversion factors from the literature. MesoZP samples were split into three size fractions (55-200, 200-500 and 〉500 µm), preserved with 70% ethanol and assessed under a stereo microscope. For biomass, mesoZP were measured in an element analyser. MesoZP data is provided for copepods only (dominant group) and all metazoan zooplankton combined (mainly copepods and appendicularians). For DA, particulate matter was filtered (〉0.7µm) and analysed via liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry. The upwelling treatment started on day 6. Methodological details in Goldenberg et al. (doi:10.3389/fmars.2022.1015188) and Goldenberg et al. (under review).
    Keywords: AQUACOSM; artificial upwelling; Canarias Sea; carbon dioxide removal; CDRmare; Ciliates, heterotrophic; Ciliates, heterotrophic, biomass as carbon; Copepoda; Copepoda, biomass as carbon; Copepoda, nauplii; DAM CDRmare - Test-ArtUp: Road testing ocean artificial upwelling; DATE/TIME; Day of experiment; Depth, water, experiment, bottom/maximum; Depth, water, experiment, top/minimum; diatoms; Dinoflagellates; Dinoflagellates, biomass as carbon; Domoic acid; Domoic acid per unit mass particulate organic carbon; Event label; Field experiment; GC2019; KOSMOS; KOSMOS_2019; KOSMOS_2019_Mesocosm-M1; KOSMOS_2019_Mesocosm-M2; KOSMOS_2019_Mesocosm-M3; KOSMOS_2019_Mesocosm-M4; KOSMOS_2019_Mesocosm-M5; KOSMOS_2019_Mesocosm-M6; KOSMOS_2019_Mesocosm-M7; KOSMOS_2019_Mesocosm-M8; KOSMOS Gran Canaria; MESO; mesocosm experiment; Mesocosm experiment; Mesocosm label; Mesozooplankton; Mesozooplankton, biomass as carbon; negative emission technology; Network of Leading European AQUAtic MesoCOSM Facilities Connecting Mountains to Oceans from the Arctic to the Mediterranean; Ocean Artificial Upwelling; Ocean-artUp; ocean fertilization; Phase description; plankton food web; Protista, heterotrophic; Protista, heterotrophic, biomass as carbon; Research Mission of the German Marine Research Alliance (DAM): Marine carbon sinks in decarbonisation pathways; Size fraction 〉 500 µm; Size fraction 〉 55 µm; Size fraction 200-500 µm; Size fraction 55-200 µm; Test-ArtUp; Treatment; trophic transfer; Type of study
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 4332 data points
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  • 7
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    KOSMOS 2018 Gran Canaria mesocosm study on artificial upwelling: mesozooplankton carbon and nitrogen content and stable isotope δ15N (2023)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-06
    Description: Mesozooplankton (mesoZP) per capita mass, elemental composition and stable N isotopes during the mesocosm experiment in the Canary Islands in autumn 2018. Depth-integrated (0-14 m) plankton nets were taken over the course of 38 days. Metazoan zooplankton were split into three size fractions (55-200, 200-500 and 〉500 µm), picked into tin cups in groups and C, N and δ15N measured in an element analyser coupled to a mass spectrometer. Particulate organic matter (〉0.7µm) was also measured for a comparison of C/N between the bottom of the food web and mesoZP grazers. The upwelling treatment started on day 4. Methodological details in Ortiz et al. (2022) (doi:10.3389/fmars.2021.743105), Baumann et al. (2021) (doi:10.3389/fmars.2021.742142) and Goldenberg et al. (under review).
    Keywords: AQUACOSM; artificial upwelling; Calculated; Canarias Sea; Carbon/Nitrogen ratio; carbon dioxide removal; CDRmare; DAM CDRmare - Test-ArtUp: Road testing ocean artificial upwelling; DATE/TIME; Day of experiment; Depth, water, experiment, bottom/maximum; Depth, water, experiment, top/minimum; ecological stoichiometry; Event label; Field experiment; Functional group; GC2018; KOSMOS; KOSMOS_2018; KOSMOS_2018_Mesocosm-A; KOSMOS_2018_Mesocosm-M1; KOSMOS_2018_Mesocosm-M2; KOSMOS_2018_Mesocosm-M3; KOSMOS_2018_Mesocosm-M4; KOSMOS_2018_Mesocosm-M5; KOSMOS_2018_Mesocosm-M6; KOSMOS_2018_Mesocosm-M7; KOSMOS_2018_Mesocosm-M8; KOSMOS_2018_Mesocosm-M9; KOSMOS Gran Canaria; MESO; mesocosm experiment; Mesocosm experiment; Mesocosm label; Mesozooplankton; Mesozooplankton, biomass as carbon; Mesozooplankton, biomass as carbon per individual; Mesozooplankton, biomass as nitrogen; Mesozooplankton, biomass as nitrogen per individual; Mesozooplankton, carbon/nitrogen ratio; negative emission technology; Network of Leading European AQUAtic MesoCOSM Facilities Connecting Mountains to Oceans from the Arctic to the Mediterranean; Ocean Artificial Upwelling; Ocean-artUp; ocean fertilization; plankton food web; Research Mission of the German Marine Research Alliance (DAM): Marine carbon sinks in decarbonisation pathways; Size fraction; Stable isotope; System state description; Taxon/taxa; Test-ArtUp; Treatment; Treatment: nitrogen; trophic transfer; Type of study; δ15N, mesozooplankton
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 25130 data points
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  • 8
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    KOSMOS 2017 Peru mesocosm study: single particle measurements of sinking velocity and physical properties (2023)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-06
    Description: As one of Earth's most productive marine ecosystems, the Peruvian Upwelling System transports large amounts of biogenic matter from the surface to the deep ocean. Whilst particle sinking velocity is a key factor controlling the biological pump, thereby affecting carbon sequestration and oxygen-depletion, it has not yet been measured in this system. During a 50-day mesocosm experiment in the surface waters off the coast of Peru, we regularly sampled sedimented material (sampling depth: 17 m) and analyzed the properties of sinking particles using an optical measurement approach. The presented dataset includes sinking velocity, particle size (ESD), compactness (porosity) and shape (aspect ratio) of 〉100.000 individually measured particles.
    Keywords: Aspect ratio; Climate - Biogeochemistry Interactions in the Tropical Ocean; DATE/TIME; Day of experiment; DEPTH, water; Equivalent spherical diameter; Experimental treatment; export flux; KOSMOS_2017; KOSMOS_2017_Peru; KOSMOS Peru; MESO; mesocosm experiment; Mesocosm experiment; Mesocosm label; Particle porosity; Peruvian Upwelling System; Phytoplankton; Sample code/label; SFB754; sinking velocity; Sinking velocity
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 821688 data points
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  • 9
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    KOSMOS 2017 Peru mesocosm study: export flux and particle sinking velocities (2023)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-06
    Description: As one of Earth's most productive marine ecosystems, the Peruvian Upwelling System transports large amounts of biogenic matter from the surface to the deep ocean. Whilst particle sinking velocity is a key factor controlling the biological pump, thereby affecting carbon sequestration and oxygen-depletion, it has not yet been measured in this system. During a 50-day mesocosm experiment in the surface waters off the coast of Peru, we regularly measured particle sinking velocities and their biogeochemical and physical drivers. We further characterized the general properties of sinking matter (sampling depth: 17 m) under different phytoplankton communities and nutritional states. This dataset contains mean velocities of sinking particles as well as their median size, compactness and shape. We further included the particulate organic carbon flux, the sinking matter nitrogen to phosphorus ratio and the relative contribution of opal and particulate inorganic carbon to the total flux. The particle flux characteristics are complemented by measurements of chlorophyll a concentration in the water column and the relative contribution of diatoms to total chlorophyll a.
    Keywords: Aspect ratio; Biogenic silica; Carbon, inorganic, particulate; Carbon, organic, particulate, flux per day; Chlorophyll a; Chlorophyll a, Diatoms; Climate - Biogeochemistry Interactions in the Tropical Ocean; DATE/TIME; Day of experiment; Depth, bottom/max; Depth, top/min; DEPTH, water; Equivalent spherical diameter; Experimental treatment; export flux; KOSMOS_2017; KOSMOS_2017_Peru; KOSMOS Peru; MESO; mesocosm experiment; Mesocosm experiment; Mesocosm label; Nitrogen/Phosphorus ratio; Particle porosity; Peruvian Upwelling System; Phytoplankton; Sediment trap; SFB754; sinking velocity; Sinking velocity
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 3317 data points
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  • 10
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    KOSMOS 2018 Gran Canaria mesocosm study on artificial upwelling: mesozooplankton trophic position and diatom fatty acid markers (2023)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-06
    Description: Mesozooplankton trophic markers to estimate food web length (δ15N) and dietary contribution of diatoms (fatty acids) during the mesocosm experiment in the Canary Islands in autumn 2018. Depth-integrated (0-14 m) plankton nets were taken and omnivorous copepods 〉200µm used for trophic marker analysis. For trophic level, copepods were picked in groups into tin capsules and δ15N measured in a mass spectrometer. Particulate organic matter (〉0.7µm) δ15N was also measured to calculate an autotroph baseline. The difference between copepod and autotroph δ15N was used as trophic level proxy. Trophic level data represents averages across all samples from day 11 to 38. For fatty acids (FA), copepods were picked in groups and FA composition determined by gas chromatography. Particulate organic matter (〉0.7µm) FA were also measured as baseline. The marker 20:5ω3/22:6ω3 was most suitable to track the propagation of diatom productivity up the food web. FA data represents averages across samples taken on day 30 and 36. The upwelling treatment started on day 4. Methodological details in Ortiz et al. (2022) (doi:10.3389/fmars.2021.743105), Baumann et al. (2021) (doi:10.3389/fmars.2021.742142) and Goldenberg et al. (under review).
    Keywords: all-cis-4,7,10,13,16,19-Docosahexaenoic acid; all-cis-5,8,11,14,17-Eicosapentaenoic acid; AQUACOSM; artificial upwelling; Calculated; Canarias Sea; carbon dioxide removal; CDRmare; Copepoda; Copepoda, biomass as nitrogen; Copepoda, δ15N; DAM CDRmare - Test-ArtUp: Road testing ocean artificial upwelling; Depth, water, experiment, bottom/maximum; Depth, water, experiment, top/minimum; Event label; fatty acids; Field experiment; GC2018; KOSMOS; KOSMOS_2018; KOSMOS_2018_Mesocosm-M1; KOSMOS_2018_Mesocosm-M2; KOSMOS_2018_Mesocosm-M3; KOSMOS_2018_Mesocosm-M4; KOSMOS_2018_Mesocosm-M5; KOSMOS_2018_Mesocosm-M6; KOSMOS_2018_Mesocosm-M7; KOSMOS_2018_Mesocosm-M8; KOSMOS_2018_Mesocosm-M9; KOSMOS Gran Canaria; MESO; mesocosm experiment; Mesocosm experiment; Mesocosm label; negative emission technology; Network of Leading European AQUAtic MesoCOSM Facilities Connecting Mountains to Oceans from the Arctic to the Mediterranean; Number of samples; Ocean Artificial Upwelling; Ocean-artUp; ocean fertilization; plankton food web; Ratio; Research Mission of the German Marine Research Alliance (DAM): Marine carbon sinks in decarbonisation pathways; Stable isotope; Test-ArtUp; Treatment; Treatment: nitrogen; Trophic marker; Type of study; δ15N
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 174 data points
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