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  • 2020-2024  (61)
  • 1990-1994
  • 1980-1984
  • 1975-1979
  • 2022  (61)
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Keywords
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  • 2020-2024  (61)
  • 1990-1994
  • 1980-1984
  • 1975-1979
  • 2020-2023  (47)
Year
  • 1
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    Chapter Post-stratification as a tool for enhancing the predictive power of classification methods (2022)
    Firenze University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-06-02
    Description: It is well known that, in classification problems, the predictive capacity of any decision-making model decreases rapidly with increasing asymmetry of the target variable (Sonquist et al., 1973; Fielding 1977). In particular, in segmentation analysis with a categorical target variable, very poor improvements of purity are obtained when the least represented modality counts less than 1/4 of the cases of the most represented modality. The same problem arises with other (theoretically more exhaustive) techniques such as Artificial Neural Networks. Actually, the optimal situation for classification analyses is the maximum uncertainty, that is, equidistribution of the target variable. Some classification techniques are more robust, by using, for example, the less sensitive logit transformation of the target variable (Fabbris & Martini 2002); however, also the logit transformation is strongly affected by the distributive asymmetry of the target variable. In this paper, starting from the results of a direct survey in which the target (binary) variable was extremely asymmetrical (10% vs. 90%, or greater asymmetry), we noted that also the logit model with the most significant parameters had very reduced fitting measures and almost zero predictive power. To solve this predictive issue, we tested post-stratification techniques, artificially symmetrizing a training sample. In this way, a substantially increase of fitting and predictive capacity was achieved, both in the symmetrized sample and, above all, in the original sample. In conclusion of the paper, an application of the same technique to a dataset of very different nature and size is described, demonstrating that the method is stable even in the case of analysis executed with all data of a population.
    Keywords: Classification ; Asymmetry ; Post-stratification ; Predictive power
    Language: English
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    E-BOOK
  • 2
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    Chapter Precision agriculture and conservation of coastal landscapes (2022)
    Firenze University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-06-02
    Description: The application of Precision Agriculture strategies represents an opportunity for farmers to obtain economic benefits. In the area of Metapontino, as demonstrated by the experimentation conducted, the challenge of producing food and at the same time protecting nature and safeguarding biodiversity, it is possible to face it through the introduction of global positioning systems (GPS), a technology capable of integrating the information on soil type, climate, cultivar, crop and farm management, topography and economy.
    Keywords: Precision Agriculture ; GPS ; variable rate
    Language: English
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    E-BOOK
  • 3
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    Global magnetic observatory data 1991..2019 - Definitive Magnetic Observatory Data (2022)
    INTERMAGNET ; Altay-Sayan Branch of Geophysical Survey of Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (Russia) ; Bureau Central de Magnétisme Terrestre, BCMT (France) ; [et al.]
    GFZ Data Services
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-03-23
    Description: Abstract
    Description: Definitive digital values of the Earth's magnetic field recorded during 1991..2019 at INTERMAGNET observatories around the world. Data includes minute, hourly and daily vector values, along with observatory baseline values for quality control. Annual means are also included. All data is included on the single downloadable archive files. This is the 28th annual publication in the series. Some national data institutions may have related DOIs that describe subsets of the data. These DOIs are shown under "Related DOIs to be quoted". For more information on the data formats used in this publication and the technical standards used to create the data, please refer to the INTERMAGNET Technical Manual and the Technical note TN6 "INTERMAGNET Definitive One-second Data Standard".
    Description: Methods
    Description: Geomagnetic data is recorded and quality controlled at the institutions responsible for each observatory. Before becoming a member of INTERMAGNET, institutes must make a detailed submission for each observatory that is to join. This submission is verified by a committee in INTERMAGNET before the observatory is admitted. Only data from INTERMAGNET members is published by INTERMAGNET. Each annual definitive data set is checked for quality by a team of data checkers in INTERMAGNET before the data is admitted to the series for that year.
    Description: Other
    Description: The International Real-time Magnetic Observatory Network (INTERMAGNET) is the global network of observatories, monitoring the Earth's magnetic field. The INTERMAGNET programme exists to establish a global network of cooperating digital magnetic observatories, adopting modern standard specifications for measuring and recording equipment, in order to facilitate data exchange and the production of geomagnetic products in close to real time. INTERMAGNET also coordinates the publication of quality-controlled, definitive geomagnetic data from its affiliated observatories.
    Keywords: definitive data ; INTERMAGNET ; geomagnetism ; magnetism ; observatory ; definitive ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GEOMAGNETISM ; EARTH SCIENCE SERVICES 〉 ENVIRONMENTAL ADVISORIES 〉 GEOLOGICAL ADVISORIES 〉 GEOMAGNETISM ; In Situ Land-based Platforms 〉 GEOPHYSICAL STATIONS/NETWORKS 〉 GEOMAGNETIC STATIONS
    Type: Dataset , Dataset
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    DATA GFZ
  • 4
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    Intermagnet Reference Data Set (IRDS) 2019 – Definitive Magnetic Observatory Data (2022)
    INTERMAGNET ; Altay-Sayan Branch of Geophysical Survey of Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (Russia) ; Bureau Central de Magnétisme Terrestre, BCMT (France) ; [et al.]
    GFZ Data Services
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-06-20
    Description: Abstract
    Description: Definitive digital values of the Earth's magnetic field recorded during 1991..2019 at INTERMAGNET observatories around the world. Data includes minute, hourly and daily vector values, along with observatory baseline values for quality control. Annual means are also included. All data is included on the single downloadable archive files. This is the 28th annual publication in the series. Some national data institutions may have related DOIs that describe subsets of the data. These DOIs are shown under "Related DOIs to be quoted". For more information on the data formats used in this publication and the technical standards used to create the data, please refer to the INTERMAGNET Technical Manual and the Technical note TN6 "INTERMAGNET Definitive One-second Data Standard".
    Description: Methods
    Description: Geomagnetic data is recorded and quality controlled at the institutions responsible for each observatory. Before becoming a member of INTERMAGNET, institutes must make a detailed submission for each observatory that is to join. This submission is verified by a committee in INTERMAGNET before the observatory is admitted. Only data from INTERMAGNET members is published by INTERMAGNET. Each annual definitive data set is checked for quality by a team of data checkers in INTERMAGNET before the data is admitted to the series for that year.
    Description: Other
    Description: The International Real-time Magnetic Observatory Network (INTERMAGNET) is the global network of observatories, monitoring the Earth's magnetic field. The INTERMAGNET programme exists to establish a global network of cooperating digital magnetic observatories, adopting modern standard specifications for measuring and recording equipment, in order to facilitate data exchange and the production of geomagnetic products in close to real time. INTERMAGNET also coordinates the publication of quality-controlled, definitive geomagnetic data from its affiliated observatories.
    Keywords: definitive data ; INTERMAGNET ; geomagnetism ; magnetism ; observatory ; definitive ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GEOMAGNETISM ; EARTH SCIENCE SERVICES 〉 ENVIRONMENTAL ADVISORIES 〉 GEOLOGICAL ADVISORIES 〉 GEOMAGNETISM ; In Situ Land-based Platforms 〉 GEOPHYSICAL STATIONS/NETWORKS 〉 GEOMAGNETIC STATIONS
    Type: Dataset , Dataset
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    DATA GFZ
  • 5
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    Quantifying Earth system interactions for sustainable food production via expert elicitation (2022)
    In:  Nature Sustainability
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-07-27
    Description: Several safe boundaries of critical Earth system processes have already been crossed due to human perturbations; not accounting for their interactions may further narrow the safe operating space for humanity. Using expert knowledge elicitation, we explored interactions among seven variables representing Earth system processes relevant to food production, identifying many interactions little explored in Earth system literature. We found that green water and land system change affect other Earth system processes strongly, while land, freshwater and ocean components of biosphere integrity are the most impacted by other Earth system processes, most notably blue water and biogeochemical flows. We also mapped a complex network of mechanisms mediating these interactions and created a future research prioritization scheme based on interaction strengths and existing knowledge gaps. Our study improves the understanding of Earth system interactions, with sustainability implications including improved Earth system modelling and more explicit biophysical limits for future food production.
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
    Format: application/pdf
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    CITATION PIK
  • 6
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    Slow slip events and flank instability at Mt. Etna volcano (Italy) (2022)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-07
    Description: Highlights • A set of slow slip events occurred at Mt. Etna volcano is analyzed. • Two distinct families of slow slip events have been detected. • Most of the deformation affecting the eastern flank occurs aseismically. • Different sources temporally modulate the seaward motion of the unstable flank. We analyzed a set of 11 slow slip events occurred during the 2006–2016 period and affecting the GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) stations of the unstable flank of Mt. Etna volcano. Observed surface deformation for most of the detected slow slip events, concentrates on the south-eastern edge of the unstable flank while the slow slip events involving the north-eastern edge are less frequent. Such a pattern highlights the existence of two distinct families of events, involving two contiguous sectors of the unstable flank, which occasionally slip together in large slow slip events. The modelled slips also highlight that both contiguous sectors extend ~10–12 km offshore, on areas where active tectonic lineaments such as the ESE (northward of Catania Canyon) and the N102° (along the southern slope of the Riposto Ridge) ones have been recently discovered. Equivalent seismic moments of slow slip events occurred in the last ten years (corresponding to magnitudes in the range 5.4–5.9) are larger than those associated to seismic events observed in the last 200 years, suggesting that most of the deformation affecting the eastern flank occurs aseismically.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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    PAPER (OCEANREP)
  • 7
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    Calendar effects on surface air temperature and precipitation based on model-ensemble equilibrium and transient simulations from PMIP4 and PACMEDY (2022)
    Copernicus Publications (EGU)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-07
    Description: Numerical modeling enables a comprehensive understanding not only of the Earth's system today, but also of the past. To date, a significant amount of time and effort has been devoted to paleoclimate modeling and analysis, which involves the latest and most advanced Paleoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project phase 4 (PMIP4). The definition of seasonality, which is influenced by slow variations in the Earth's orbital parameters, plays a key role in determining the calculated seasonal cycle of the climate. In contrast to the classical calendar used today, where the lengths of the months and seasons are fixed, the angular calendar calculates the lengths of the months and seasons according to a fixed number of degrees along the Earth's orbit. When comparing simulation results for different time intervals, it is essential to account for the angular calendar to ensure that the data for comparison are from the same position along the Earth's orbit. Most models use the classical calendar, which can lead to strong distortions of the monthly and seasonal values, especially for the climate of the past. Here, by analyzing daily outputs from multiple PMIP4 model simulations, we examine calendar effects on surface air temperature and precipitation under mid-Holocene, Last Interglacial, and pre-industrial climate conditions. We came to the following conclusions. (a) The largest cooling bias occurs in boreal autumn when the classical calendar is applied for the mid-Holocene and Last Interglacial, due to the fact that the vernal equinox is fixed on 21 March. (b) The sign of the temperature anomalies between the Last Interglacial and pre-industrial in boreal autumn can be reversed after the switch from the classical to angular calendar, particularly over the Northern Hemisphere continents. (c) Precipitation over West Africa is overestimated in boreal summer and underestimated in boreal autumn when the classical seasonal cycle is applied. (d) Finally, month-length adjusted values for surface air temperature and precipitation are very similar to the day-length adjusted values, and therefore correcting the calendar based on the monthly model results can largely reduce the artificial bias. In addition, we examine the calendar effects in three transient simulations for 6–0 ka by AWI-ESM, MPI-ESM, and IPSL-CM. We find significant discrepancies between adjusted and unadjusted temperature values over continents for both hemispheres in boreal autumn, while for other seasons the deviations are relatively small. A drying bias can be found in the summer monsoon precipitation in Africa (in the classical calendar), whereby the magnitude of bias becomes smaller over time. Overall, our study underlines the importance of the application of calendar transformation in the analysis of climate simulations. Neglecting the calendar effects could lead to a profound artificial distortion of the calculated seasonal cycle of surface air temperature and precipitation.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 8
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    Circular bioeconomy: Actors and dynamics of knowledge co-production in Finland (2022)
    In:  Forest policy and economics
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-07-18
    Description: The circular bioeconomy is a highly scrutinized concept in Finland and internationally, with a high degree of polarization regarding forest utilization rates and distrust between certain actors. This offers an interesting case for an exploratory analysis of issues associated with knowledge co-production. Knowledge co-production entails the integration of different knowledge types and collaboration across multiple societal actors with potentially conflicting viewpoints and agendas. We interviewed key organizations operating at the nexus of science and policy in the processes of knowledge co-production regarding the circular bioeconomy in Finland, including representatives from ministries, universities, research institutes, innovation promoters, and interest organizations. Using qualitative content analysis, we assessed the actors' tacit knowledge and perceptions regarding 1) their role in knowledge co-production across knowledge types; 2) elements enabling knowledge co-production; and 3) tensions and needs/opportunities of knowledge co-production. To frame our data collection and analysis, we particularly draw from recent sustainability science literature on knowledge types in co-production. The findings reveal that the three main knowledge types – lay, expert, and scientific – are acknowledged by all actors, but are dealt with, to different extents, according to the roles played by different actors in the process of knowledge generation. Collaboration was reported to be largely project-oriented, enabled by funding, similar mindsets, and organizational/individual networks. Tensions included conflicting ideological positions held by various actors in the circular bioeconomy, mainly hampering the co-production of normative/target knowledge; funding-induced gaps and risks in inter-actor cooperation, mainly affecting process/system knowledge of the circular bioeconomy; and gaps and difficulties in cross-sectoral and cross-discipline engagement, mainly affecting predictive/transformative knowledge. Knowledge synthesis, policy-supporting knowledge, and transformative knowledge were perceived by several interviewees to be important avenues towards improving the sustainability potential of the Finnish forest sector.
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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    CITATION RIFS
  • 9
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    Chapter Narrative codes and expressive styles in the Virtual Museum (2022)
    FrancoAngeli
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-12-10
    Description: The 43rd UID conference, held in Genova, takes up the theme of ‘Dialogues’ as practice and debate on many fundamental topics in our social life, especially in these complex and not yet resolved times. The city of Genova offers the opportunity to ponder on the value of comparison and on the possibilities for the community, naturally focused on the aspects that concern us, as professors, researchers, disseminators of knowledge, or on all the possibile meanings of the discipline of representation and its dialogue with ‘others’, which we have broadly catalogued in three macro areas: History, Semiotics, Science / Technology. Therefore, “dialogue” as a profitable exchange based on a common language, without which it is impossible to comprehend and understand one another; and the graphic sign that connotes the conference is the precise transcription of this concept: the title ‘translated’ into signs, derived from the visual alphabet designed for the visual identity of the UID since 2017. There are many topics which refer to three macro sessions: - Witnessing (signs and history) - Communicating (signs and semiotics) - Experimenting (signs and sciences) Thanks to the different points of view, an exceptional resource of our disciplinary area, we want to try to outline the prevailing theoretical-operational synergies, the collaborative lines of an instrumental nature, the recent updates of the repertoires of images that attest and nourish the relations among representation, history, semiotics, sciences.
    Keywords: Discipline of representation, History, Semiotics, Science, Technology ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GT Interdisciplinary studies::GTE Semiotics / semiology ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HB History ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PD Science: general issues::PDR Impact of science & technology on society
    Language: Italian , English
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  • 10
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    Chapter Il rilievo e la rappresentazione del Teatro Sangiorgi di Catania, testimonianza e memoria documentale di usi e costumi del Novecento (2022)
    FrancoAngeli
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-12-10
    Description: The 43rd UID conference, held in Genova, takes up the theme of ‘Dialogues’ as practice and debate on many fundamental topics in our social life, especially in these complex and not yet resolved times. The city of Genova offers the opportunity to ponder on the value of comparison and on the possibilities for the community, naturally focused on the aspects that concern us, as professors, researchers, disseminators of knowledge, or on all the possibile meanings of the discipline of representation and its dialogue with ‘others’, which we have broadly catalogued in three macro areas: History, Semiotics, Science / Technology. Therefore, “dialogue” as a profitable exchange based on a common language, without which it is impossible to comprehend and understand one another; and the graphic sign that connotes the conference is the precise transcription of this concept: the title ‘translated’ into signs, derived from the visual alphabet designed for the visual identity of the UID since 2017. There are many topics which refer to three macro sessions: - Witnessing (signs and history) - Communicating (signs and semiotics) - Experimenting (signs and sciences) Thanks to the different points of view, an exceptional resource of our disciplinary area, we want to try to outline the prevailing theoretical-operational synergies, the collaborative lines of an instrumental nature, the recent updates of the repertoires of images that attest and nourish the relations among representation, history, semiotics, sciences.
    Keywords: Discipline of representation, History, Semiotics, Science, Technology ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GT Interdisciplinary studies::GTE Semiotics / semiology ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HB History ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PD Science: general issues::PDR Impact of science & technology on society
    Language: Italian , English
    Format: image/jpeg
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    E-BOOK
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