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  • Carbon cycle  (6)
  • ddc:551.9  (4)
  • Phytoplankton  (3)
  • 2020-2023  (13)
  • 2021  (13)
  • 1
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    An operational overview of the EXport Processes in the Ocean from RemoTe Sensing (EXPORTS) Northeast Pacific field deployment (2021)
    University of California Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-27
    Description: © The Author(s), 2021. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Siegel, D. A., Cetinic, I., Graff, J. R., Lee, C. M., Nelson, N., Perry, M. J., Ramos, I. S., Steinberg, D. K., Buesseler, K., Hamme, R., Fassbender, A. J., Nicholson, D., Omand, M. M., Robert, M., Thompson, A., Amaral, V., Behrenfeld, M., Benitez-Nelson, C., Bisson, K., Boss, E., Boyd, P. W., Brzezinski, M., Buck, K., Burd, A., Burns, S., Caprara, S., Carlson, C., Cassar, N., Close, H. H., D’Asaro, E., Durkin, C., Erickson, Z., Estapa, M. L., Fields, E., Fox, J., Freeman, S., Gifford, S., Gong, W., Gray, D., Guidi, L., Haëntjens, N., Halsey, K., Huot, Y., Hansell, D., Jenkins, B., Karp-Boss, L., Kramer, S., Lam, P., Lee, J-M., Maas, A., Marchal, O., Marchetti, A., McDonnell, A., McNair, H., Menden-Deuer, S., Morison, F., Niebergall, A. K., Passow, U., Popp, B., Potvin, G., Resplandy, L., Roca-Martí, M., Roesler, C., Rynearson, T., Traylor, S., Santoro, A., Seraphin, K. D., Sosik, H. M., Stamieszkin, K., Stephens, B., Tang, W., Van Mooy, B., Xiong, Y., Zhang, X. An operational overview of the EXport Processes in the Ocean from RemoTe Sensing (EXPORTS) Northeast Pacific field deployment. Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene, 9(1), (2021): 1, https://doi.org/10.1525/elementa.2020.00107.
    Description: The goal of the EXport Processes in the Ocean from RemoTe Sensing (EXPORTS) field campaign is to develop a predictive understanding of the export, fate, and carbon cycle impacts of global ocean net primary production. To accomplish this goal, observations of export flux pathways, plankton community composition, food web processes, and optical, physical, and biogeochemical (BGC) properties are needed over a range of ecosystem states. Here we introduce the first EXPORTS field deployment to Ocean Station Papa in the Northeast Pacific Ocean during summer of 2018, providing context for other papers in this special collection. The experiment was conducted with two ships: a Process Ship, focused on ecological rates, BGC fluxes, temporal changes in food web, and BGC and optical properties, that followed an instrumented Lagrangian float; and a Survey Ship that sampled BGC and optical properties in spatial patterns around the Process Ship. An array of autonomous underwater assets provided measurements over a range of spatial and temporal scales, and partnering programs and remote sensing observations provided additional observational context. The oceanographic setting was typical of late-summer conditions at Ocean Station Papa: a shallow mixed layer, strong vertical and weak horizontal gradients in hydrographic properties, sluggish sub-inertial currents, elevated macronutrient concentrations and low phytoplankton abundances. Although nutrient concentrations were consistent with previous observations, mixed layer chlorophyll was lower than typically observed, resulting in a deeper euphotic zone. Analyses of surface layer temperature and salinity found three distinct surface water types, allowing for diagnosis of whether observed changes were spatial or temporal. The 2018 EXPORTS field deployment is among the most comprehensive biological pump studies ever conducted. A second deployment to the North Atlantic Ocean occurred in spring 2021, which will be followed by focused work on data synthesis and modeling using the entire EXPORTS data set.
    Description: DAS, NN, KB, EF, SK, AB, AM, UP: NASA 80NSSC17K0692. MJB, EB, JG, LG, KH, LKB, JF, NH: NASA 80NSSC17K0568. KB, CBN, LR, MRM: NASA 80NSSC17K0555. CC, DH, BS: NASA 80NSSC18K0437. HC: NSF 1830016. BP, KDS: NSF 1829425. ME, KB, CD, MO: NASA 80NSSC17K0662. AF: NSF 1756932. BJ, KB, MB, SB, SC: NSF 1756442. PH, OM, JML: NSF 1829614. CL, ED, DN, MO, MJP, AT, ZN, ST: NASA 80NSSC17K0663. AM, NC, SG, WT, AN, WG: NASA 80NSSC17K0552. SMD, TR, HM, FM: NASA 80NSSC17K0716. CR, HS: NASA 80NSSC17K0700. AS, PB: NASA 80NSSC18K1431. DS, AM, KS NASA 80NSSC17K0654. BVM: NSF 1756254. XZ, DG, LG, YH: NASA 80NSSC17K0656 and 80NSSC20K0350.
    Keywords: Biological pump ; NASA field campaign ; NPP fates ; Carbon cycle ; Organic carbon export ; Export pathways
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 2
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    A regional, early spring bloom of Phaeocystis pouchetii on the New England continental shelf (2021)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-10-20
    Description: Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2021. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans 126(2), (2021): e2020JC016856, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JC016856.
    Description: The genus Phaeocystis is distributed globally and has considerable ecological, biogeochemical, and societal impacts. Understanding its distribution, growth and ecological impacts has been limited by lack of extensive observations on appropriate scales. In 2018, we investigated the biological dynamics of the New England continental shelf and encountered a substantial bloom of Phaeocystis pouchetii. Based on satellite imagery during January through April, the bloom extended over broad expanses of the shelf; furthermore, our observations demonstrated that it reached high biomass levels, with maximum chlorophyll concentrations exceeding 16 µg L−1 and particulate organic carbon levels 〉 95 µmol L−1. Initially, the bloom was largely confined to waters with temperatures 〈6°C, which in turn were mostly restricted to shallow areas near the coast. As the bloom progressed, it appeared to sink into the bottom boundary layer; however, enough light and nutrients were available for growth. The bloom was highly productive (net community production integrated through the mixed layer from stations within the bloom averaged 1.16 g C m−2 d−1) and reduced nutrient concentrations considerably. Long‐term coastal observations suggest that Phaeocystis blooms occur sporadically in spring on Nantucket Shoals and presumably expand onto the continental shelf. Based on the distribution of Phaeocystis during our study, we suggest that it can have a significant impact on the overall productivity and ecology of the New England shelf during the winter/spring transition.
    Description: This project was supported by the US National Science Foundation (Grants 1657855, 1657803, and 1657489). NES‐LTER contributions were supported by grants to HMS from NSF (Grant 1655686) and the Simons Foundation (Grant 561126). VPR operations were supported by the Dalio Explore Fund.
    Description: 2021-07-15
    Keywords: Biomass ; New England ; Nutrients ; Phaeocystis ; Phytoplankton ; Productivity
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 3
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    Global ocean sediment composition and burial flux in the deep sea (2021)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-10-26
    Description: © The Author(s), 2021. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Hayes, C. T., Costa, K. M., Anderson, R. F., Calvo, E., Chase, Z., Demina, L. L., Dutay, J., German, C. R., Heimburger-Boavida, L., Jaccard, S. L., Jacobel, A., Kohfeld, K. E., Kravchishina, M. D., Lippold, J., Mekik, F., Missiaen, L., Pavia, F. J., Paytan, A., Pedrosa-Pamies, R., Petrova, M., V., Rahman, S., Robinson, L. F., Roy-Barman, M., Sanchez-Vidal, A., Shiller, A., Tagliabue, A., Tessin, A. C., van Hulten, M., & Zhang, J. Global ocean sediment composition and burial flux in the deep sea. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 35(4), (2021): e2020GB006769, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020GB006769.
    Description: Quantitative knowledge about the burial of sedimentary components at the seafloor has wide-ranging implications in ocean science, from global climate to continental weathering. The use of 230Th-normalized fluxes reduces uncertainties that many prior studies faced by accounting for the effects of sediment redistribution by bottom currents and minimizing the impact of age model uncertainty. Here we employ a recently compiled global data set of 230Th-normalized fluxes with an updated database of seafloor surface sediment composition to derive atlases of the deep-sea burial flux of calcium carbonate, biogenic opal, total organic carbon (TOC), nonbiogenic material, iron, mercury, and excess barium (Baxs). The spatial patterns of major component burial are mainly consistent with prior work, but the new quantitative estimates allow evaluations of deep-sea budgets. Our integrated deep-sea burial fluxes are 136 Tg C/yr CaCO3, 153 Tg Si/yr opal, 20Tg C/yr TOC, 220 Mg Hg/yr, and 2.6 Tg Baxs/yr. This opal flux is roughly a factor of 2 increase over previous estimates, with important implications for the global Si cycle. Sedimentary Fe fluxes reflect a mixture of sources including lithogenic material, hydrothermal inputs and authigenic phases. The fluxes of some commonly used paleo-productivity proxies (TOC, biogenic opal, and Baxs) are not well-correlated geographically with satellite-based productivity estimates. Our new compilation of sedimentary fluxes provides detailed regional and global information, which will help refine the understanding of sediment preservation.
    Description: This study was supported by the Past Global Changes (PAGES) project, which in turn received support from the Swiss Academy of Sciences and the US-NSF. The work grew out of a 2018 workshop in Aix-Marseille, France, funded by PAGES, GEOTRACES, SCOR, US-NSF, Aix Marseille Université, and John Cantle Scientific, and the authors would like to acknowledge all attendees of this meeting. The authors acknowledge the participants of the 68th cruise of RV Akademik Mstislav Keldysh for helping acquire samples. Christopher T. Hayes acknowledges support from US-NSF awards 1658445 and 1737023. Some data compilation on Arctic shelf seas was supported by the Russian Science Foundation, grant number 20-17-00157. This work was also supported through project CRESCENDO (grant no. 641816, European Commission). Zanna Chase acknowledges support from the Australian Research Council’s Discovery Projects funding scheme (project DP180102357). Christopher R. German acknowledges US-NSF awards 1235248 and 1234827. Some colorbars used in the figures were designed by Kristen Thyng et al. (2016) and Patrick Rafter.
    Keywords: Barium ; Carbon cycle ; Marine atlas ; Mercury ; Opal ; Sediment burial
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 4
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    Dissolved organic radiocarbon in the eastern Pacific and Southern Oceans (2021)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-10-26
    Description: Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2021. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Geophysical Research Letters 48(10), (2021): e2021GL092904, https://doi.org/10.1029/2021GL092904.
    Description: We report marine dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations, and DOC Δ14C and δ13C values in seawater collected from the Southern Ocean and eastern Pacific GOSHIP cruise P18 in 2016/2017. The aging of 14C in DOC in circumpolar deep water northward from 69°S to 20°N was similar to that measured in dissolved inorganic carbon in the same samples, indicating that the transport of deep waters northward is the primary control of 14C in DIC and DOC. Low DOC ∆14C and δ13C measurements between 1,200 and 3,400 m depth may be evidence of a source of DOC produced in nearby hydrothermal ridge systems (East Pacific Rise).
    Description: This work was supported by NSF (OCE-1458941 and OCE-1951073 to Ellen R. M. Druffel), Fred Kavli Foundation, Keck Carbon Cycle AMS Laboratory, NSF/NOAA funded GO-SHIP Program, Canada Research Chairs program (to Brett D. Walker) and American Chemical Society Petroleum Research Fund New Directions (55,430-ND2 to Ellen R. M. Druffel and Brett D. Walker).
    Description: 2021-11-24
    Keywords: 13C ; Carbon cycle ; Circumpolar deep water ; Dissolved inorganic carbon ; Dissolved organic carbon ; Radiocarbon
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  • 5
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    Climate control on terrestrial biospheric carbon turnover (2021)
    National Academy of Sciences
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    Publication Date: 2022-10-26
    Description: © The Author(s), 2021. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Eglinton, T. I., Galy, V. V., Hemingway, J. D., Feng, X., Bao, H., Blattmann, T. M., Dickens, A. F., Gies, H., Giosan, L., Haghipour, N., Hou, P., Lupker, M., McIntyre, C. P., Montluçon, D. B., Peucker-Ehrenbrink, B., Ponton, C., Schefuß, E., Schwab, M. S., Voss, B. M., Wacker, L., Wu, Y., & Zhao, M. Climate control on terrestrial biospheric carbon turnover. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 118(8), (2021): e2011585118, htps://doi.org/ 10.1073/pnas.2011585118.
    Description: Terrestrial vegetation and soils hold three times more carbon than the atmosphere. Much debate concerns how anthropogenic activity will perturb these surface reservoirs, potentially exacerbating ongoing changes to the climate system. Uncertainties specifically persist in extrapolating point-source observations to ecosystem-scale budgets and fluxes, which require consideration of vertical and lateral processes on multiple temporal and spatial scales. To explore controls on organic carbon (OC) turnover at the river basin scale, we present radiocarbon (14C) ages on two groups of molecular tracers of plant-derived carbon—leaf-wax lipids and lignin phenols—from a globally distributed suite of rivers. We find significant negative relationships between the 14C age of these biomarkers and mean annual temperature and precipitation. Moreover, riverine biospheric-carbon ages scale proportionally with basin-wide soil carbon turnover times and soil 14C ages, implicating OC cycling within soils as a primary control on exported biomarker ages and revealing a broad distribution of soil OC reactivities. The ubiquitous occurrence of a long-lived soil OC pool suggests soil OC is globally vulnerable to perturbations by future temperature and precipitation increase. Scaling of riverine biospheric-carbon ages with soil OC turnover shows the former can constrain the sensitivity of carbon dynamics to environmental controls on broad spatial scales. Extracting this information from fluvially dominated sedimentary sequences may inform past variations in soil OC turnover in response to anthropogenic and/or climate perturbations. In turn, monitoring riverine OC composition may help detect future climate-change–induced perturbations of soil OC turnover and stocks.
    Description: This work was supported by grants from the US NSF (OCE-0928582 to T.I.E. and V.V.G.; OCE-0851015 to B.P.-E., T.I.E., and V.V.G.; and EAR-1226818 to B.P.-E.), Swiss National Science Foundation (200021_140850, 200020_163162, and 200020_184865 to T.I.E.), and National Natural Science Foundation of China (41520104009 to M.Z.).
    Keywords: Radiocarbon ; Plant biomarkers ; Carbon turnover times ; Fluvial carbon ; Carbon cycle
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  • 6
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    Impacts of Drying and Rewetting on the Radiocarbon Signature of Respired CO2 and Implications for Incubating Archived Soils (2021)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-04-01
    Description: The radiocarbon signature of respired CO2 (∆14C‐CO2) measured in laboratory soil incubations integrates contributions from soil carbon pools with a wide range of ages, making it a powerful model constraint. Incubating archived soils enriched by “bomb‐C” from mid‐20th century nuclear weapons testing would be even more powerful as it would enable us to trace this pulse over time. However, air‐drying and subsequent rewetting of archived soils, as well as storage duration, may alter the relative contribution to respiration from soil carbon pools with different cycling rates. We designed three experiments to assess air‐drying and rewetting effects on ∆14C‐CO2 with constant storage duration (Experiment 1), without storage (Experiment 2), and with variable storage duration (Experiment 3). We found that air‐drying and rewetting led to small but significant (α 〈 0.05) shifts in ∆14C‐CO2 relative to undried controls in all experiments, with grassland soils responding more strongly than forest soils. Storage duration (4–14 y) did not have a substantial effect. Mean differences (95% CIs) for experiments 1, 2, and 3 were: 23.3‰ (±6.6), 19.6‰ (±10.3), and 29.3‰ (±29.1) for grassland soils, versus −11.6‰ (±4.1), 12.7‰ (±8.5), and −24.2‰ (±13.2) for forest soils. Our results indicate that air‐drying and rewetting soils mobilizes a slightly older pool of carbon that would otherwise be inaccessible to microbes, an effect that persists throughout the incubation. However, as the bias in ∆14C‐CO2 from air‐drying and rewetting is small, measuring ∆14C‐CO2 in incubations of archived soils appears to be a promising technique for constraining soil carbon models.
    Description: Plain Language Summary: Soils play a key role in the global carbon cycle by sequestering carbon from the atmosphere for decades to millennia. However, it is unclear if they will continue to do so as the climate changes. Microbial decomposition of soil organic matter returns carbon back to the atmosphere, and radiocarbon dating of this returning CO2 (∆14C‐CO2) can be used to quantify how long carbon is stored in ecosystems. Incubating archived soils could provide unique insight into soil carbon sequestration potential by quantifying the change in ∆14C‐CO2 over time. However, air‐drying, duration of archiving, and subsequent rewetting of soils may bias estimates of sequestration potential by altering the balance of younger versus older carbon leaving the soil. We compared ∆14C‐CO2 from soils incubated with and without air‐drying and archiving, and found that the air‐dried soils appeared to release slightly older carbon than soils that had never been air‐dried. The amount of time the soils were archived did not have an effect. Since the bias from air‐drying and rewetting was small, incubating archived soils appears to be a promising technique for improving our ability to model soil carbon cycling under global climate change.
    Description: Key Points: ∆14C of CO2 measured in incubations of archived soils provides additional constraints for soil carbon models. Air‐drying and rewetting soils shifted the ∆14C of respired CO2 by 10‰–20‰ independent of the duration of storage. Differences in direction and magnitude of ∆14C‐CO2 shifts between forests and grasslands depended on sampling year and system C dynamics.
    Description: EC, H2020, H2020 Priority Excellent Science, H2020 European Research Council (ERC) http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100010663
    Description: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4959705
    Keywords: ddc:551.9 ; ddc:631.41 ; ddc:550.724
    Language: English
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  • 7
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    Past and Future Climate Variability Uncertainties in the Global Carbon Budget Using the MPI Grand Ensemble (2021)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-03-25
    Description: Quantifying the anthropogenic fluxes of CO2 is important to understand the evolution of carbon sink capacities, on which the required strength of our mitigation efforts directly depends. For the historical period, the global carbon budget (GCB) can be compiled from observations and model simulations as is done annually in the Global Carbon Project's (GCP) carbon budgets. However, the historical budget only considers a single realization of the Earth system and cannot account for internal climate variability. Understanding the distribution of internal climate variability is critical for predicting the future carbon budget terms and uncertainties. We present here a decomposition of the GCB for the historical period and the RCP4.5 scenario using single‐model large ensemble simulations from the Max Planck Institute Grand Ensemble (MPI‐GE) to capture internal variability. We calculate uncertainty ranges for the natural sinks and anthropogenic emissions that arise from internal climate variability, and by using this distribution, we investigate the likelihood of historical fluxes with respect to plausible climate states. Our results show these likelihoods have substantial fluctuations due to internal variability, which are partially related to El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO). We find that the largest internal variability in the MPI‐GE stems from the natural land sink and its increasing carbon stocks over time. The allowable fossil fuel emissions consistent with 3 C warming may be between 9 and 18 Pg C yr−1. The MPI‐GE is generally consistent with GCP's global budgets with the notable exception of land‐use change emissions in recent decades, highlighting that human action is inconsistent with climate mitigation goals.
    Description: Key Points: We use a single‐model large ensemble to estimate uncertainties from internal climate variability in the global carbon budget. The land sink accounts for most internal climate uncertainty which may permit 9–18 Pg C yr−1 in allowable emissions by 2050 (for 3°C warming).
    Description: European Union's Horizon 2020
    Keywords: ddc:551.9 ; ddc:551.6
    Language: English
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  • 8
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    Tephra Deposition and Bonding With Reactive Oxides Enhances Burial of Organic Carbon in the Bering Sea (2021)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-03-24
    Description: Preservation of organic carbon (OC) in marine sediments exerts a major control on the cycling of carbon in the Earth system. In these marine environments, OC preservation may be enhanced by diagenetic reactions in locations where deposition of fragmental volcanic material called tephra occurs. While the mechanisms by which this process occurs are well understood, site‐specific studies of this process are limited. Here, we report a study of sediments from the Bering Sea (IODP Site U1339D) to investigate the effects of marine tephra deposition on carbon cycling during the Pleistocene and Holocene. Our results suggest that tephra layers are loci of OC burial with distinct δ13C values, and that this process is primarily linked to bonding of OC with reactive metals, accounting for ∼80% of all OC within tephra layers. In addition, distribution of reactive metals from the tephra into non‐volcanic sediments above and below the tephra layers enhances OC preservation in these sediments, with ∼33% of OC bound to reactive phases. Importantly, OC‐Fe coupling is evident in sediments 〉700,000 years old. Thus, these interactions may help explain the observed preservation of OC in ancient marine sediments.
    Description: Plain Language Summary: The burial of organic carbon (OC) in marine sediments is one of the major carbon sinks on Earth, meaning that it removes carbon dioxide from the ocean‐atmosphere system. However, the speed at which burial occurs varies across the globe, and is dependent on a range of factors, from the amount of nutrients in the water column, to the type of sediment. Despite evidence suggesting that when tephra is deposited to the seafloor carbon burial is enhanced, very little work has been done to investigate this process. We have therefore analyzed sediments from the Bering Sea, where volcanoes from the Aleutian Islands and Kamchatka regularly deposit tephra in the ocean. We found that OC burial is indeed associated with ash deposition, and importantly, that OC is preserved in the ash layers themselves. We show here that this carbon is preserved effectively because of chemical reactions between the OC and reactive iron, which is released by the ash, creating conditions which preserve carbon for hundreds of thousands of years.
    Description: Key Points: Tephra layers are loci of marine organic carbon (OC) burial with distinct carbon isotopic compositions. Preservation primarily linked to association of OC with reactive iron phases, accounting for ∼80% of all OC in tephra layers. OC‐reactive Fe coupling is observed in sediments 〉700,000 years old, indicating long‐term persistence of these complexes.
    Description: NERC
    Keywords: ddc:551.9
    Language: English
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  • 9
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    Chemical Evolution of the Exceptional Arctic Stratospheric Winter 2019/2020 Compared to Previous Arctic and Antarctic Winters (2021)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-03-28
    Description: The winter 2019/2020 showed the lowest ozone mixing ratios ever observed in the Arctic winter stratosphere. It was the coldest Arctic stratospheric winter on record and was characterized by an unusually strong and long‐lasting polar vortex. We study the chemical evolution and ozone depletion in the winter 2019/2020 using the global Chemistry and Transport Model ATLAS. We examine whether the chemical processes in 2019/2020 are more characteristic of typical conditions in Antarctic winters or in average Arctic winters. Model runs for the winter 2019/2020 are compared to simulations of the Arctic winters 2004/2005, 2009/2010, and 2010/2011 and of the Antarctic winters 2006 and 2011, to assess differences in chemical evolution in winters with different meteorological conditions. In some respects, the winter 2019/2020 (and also the winter 2010/2011) was a hybrid between Arctic and Antarctic conditions, for example, with respect to the fraction of chlorine deactivation into HCl versus ClONO2, the amount of denitrification, and the importance of the heterogeneous HOCl + HCl reaction for chlorine activation. The pronounced ozone minimum of less than 0.2 ppm at about 450 K potential temperature that was observed in about 20% of the polar vortex area in 2019/2020 was caused by exceptionally long periods in the history of these air masses with low temperatures in sunlight. Based on a simple extrapolation of observed loss rates, only an additional 21–46 h spent below the upper temperature limit for polar stratospheric cloud formation and in sunlight would have been necessary to reduce ozone to near zero values (0.05 ppm) in these parts of the vortex.
    Description: Key Points: The Arctic stratospheric winter 2019/2020 showed the lowest ozone mixing ratios ever observed and was one of the coldest on record. Chemical evolution of the Arctic winter 2019/2020 was a hybrid between typical Arctic and typical Antarctic conditions. Only an additional 21–46 h below PSC temperatures and in sunlight would have been necessary to reduce ozone to near zero locally.
    Description: International Multidisciplinary Drifting Observatory for the Study of the Arctic Climate (MOSAiC)
    Keywords: ddc:551.5 ; ddc:551.9
    Language: English
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  • 10
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    Model output of phytoplankton community composition variability as a function of intensity and duration of environmental disturbance at the Hawaii Ocean Time-series (HOT) location and nearby regions between 2003 and 2014 (2021)
    Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). Contact: bco-dmo-data@whoi.edu
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-10-31
    Description: Dataset: Modeled phytoplankton dynamics
    Description: Model output of phytoplankton community composition variability as a function of intensity and duration of environmental disturbance at the Hawaii Ocean Time-series (HOT) location and nearby regions between 2003 and 2014. Model output was generated from numerical model simulations. For a complete list of measurements, refer to the full dataset description in the supplemental file 'Dataset_description.pdf'. The most current version of this dataset is available at: https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/854787
    Description: NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) OCE-1538525, NSF Ocean Sciences Research Initiation Grants (NSF OCE-RIG) OCE-RIG-1323319
    Keywords: Phytoplankton ; Community dynamics ; HOT ; Model results ; Disturbance
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Dataset
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