ALBERT

Description: A unique assemblage of 28 hominin individuals, found in Sima de los Huesos in the Sierra de Atapuerca in Spain, has recently been dated to approximately 430,000 years ago. An interesting question is how these Middle Pleistocene hominins were related to those who lived in the Late Pleistocene epoch, in particular to Neanderthals in western Eurasia and to Denisovans, a sister group of Neanderthals so far known only from southern Siberia. While the Sima de los Huesos hominins share some derived morphological features with Neanderthals, the mitochondrial genome retrieved from one individual from Sima de los Huesos is more closely related to the mitochondrial DNA of Denisovans than to that of Neanderthals. However, since the mitochondrial DNA does not reveal the full picture of relationships among populations, we have investigated DNA preservation in several individuals found at Sima de los Huesos. Here we recover nuclear DNA sequences from two specimens, which show that the Sima de los Huesos hominins were related to Neanderthals rather than to Denisovans, indicating that the population divergence between Neanderthals and Denisovans predates 430,000 years ago. A mitochondrial DNA recovered from one of the specimens shares the previously described relationship to Denisovan mitochondrial DNAs, suggesting, among other possibilities, that the mitochondrial DNA gene pool of Neanderthals turned over later in their history.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Meyer, Matthias -- Arsuaga, Juan-Luis -- de Filippo, Cesare -- Nagel, Sarah -- Aximu-Petri, Ayinuer -- Nickel, Birgit -- Martinez, Ignacio -- Gracia, Ana -- Bermudez de Castro, Jose Maria -- Carbonell, Eudald -- Viola, Bence -- Kelso, Janet -- Prufer, Kay -- Paabo, Svante -- England -- Nature. 2016 Mar 24;531(7595):504-7. doi: 10.1038/nature17405. Epub 2016 Mar 14.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103 Leipzig, Germany. ; Centro de Investigacion Sobre la Evolucion y Comportamiento Humanos, Universidad Complutense de Madrid-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain. ; Departamento de Paleontologia, Facultad de Ciencias Geologicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain. ; Area de Paleontologia, Departamento de Geografia y Geologia, Universidad de Alcala, Alcala de Henares, 28871 Madrid, Spain. ; Centro Nacional de Investigacion sobre la Evolucion Humana, Paseo Sierra de Atapuerca, 09002 Burgos, Spain. ; Institut Catala de Paleoecologia Humana i Evolucio Social, C/Marcel.li Domingo s/n (Edifici W3), Campus Sescelades, 43007 Tarragona, Spain. ; Area de Prehistoria, Departament d'Historia i Historia de l'Art, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Facultat de Lletres, Avinguda de Catalunya, 35, 43002 Tarragona, Spain. ; Department of Anthropology, University of Toronto, 19 Russell Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 2S2, Canada.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26976447" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: Author(s): Yan-Yan Wang, Qi-Fang Lü, En Wang, and De-Min Li We investigate the charmed baryon production reaction p p ¯ → Λ c Λ ¯ c in the effective Lagrangian approach. Besides the t -channel D 0 and D * 0 mesons exchanges, the s -channel Y ( 4630 ) meson exchange is taken into account. For the total cross sections, the D 0 and D * 0 mesons provide minor background contributi… [Phys. Rev. D 94, 014025] Published Wed Jul 20, 2016

Description: Author(s): En Wang, Hua-Xing Chen, Li-Sheng Geng, De-Min Li, and Eulogio Oset We study here the Λ b 0 → J / ψ p π − reaction in analogy to the Λ b 0 → J / ψ p K − one, and we note that in both decays there is a sharp structure (dip or peak) in the J / ψ p mass distribution around 4450 MeV, which is associated in the Λ b 0 → J / ψ p K − experiment to an exotic pentaquark baryonic state, although in Λ b 0 → J / ψ … [Phys. Rev. D 93, 094001] Published Tue May 03, 2016

Description: Author(s): Stefan de Boer and Gudrun Hiller Updated standard model predictions for D ( s ) → P l + l − , l = e , μ , P = π , K and inclusive decays are presented. Model-independent constraints on | Δ C | = | Δ U | = 1 Wilson coefficients are worked out. New physics (NP) opportunities do arise in semileptonic branching ratios for very large couplings only, however, are … [Phys. Rev. D 93, 074001] Published Fri Apr 01, 2016

Description: Author(s): V. Cirigliano, W. Dekens, J. de Vries, and E. Mereghetti Working in the framework of the Standard Model effective field theory, we study chirality-flipping couplings of the top quark to Higgs and gauge bosons. We discuss in detail the renormalization-group evolution to lower energies and investigate direct and indirect contributions to high- and low-energ… [Phys. Rev. D 94, 034031] Published Fri Aug 19, 2016

Description: Author(s): Daping Du, A. X. El-Khadra, Steven Gottlieb, A. S. Kronfeld, J. Laiho, E. Lunghi, R. S. Van de Water, and Ran Zhou (Fermilab Lattice and MILC Collaborations) We study the exclusive semileptonic B -meson decays B → K ( π ) ℓ + ℓ − , B → K ( π ) ν ν ¯ , and B → π τ ν , computing observables in the Standard Model using the recent lattice-QCD results for the underlying form factors from the Fermilab Lattice and MILC collaborations. These processes provide theoretically clean windows… [Phys. Rev. D 93, 034005] Published Wed Feb 03, 2016

Description: Latimeret al (Reports, 10 July 2015, p. 184) claim that during perceptual decision formation, parietal neurons undergo one-time, discrete steps in firing rate instead of gradual changes that represent the accumulation of evidence. However, that conclusion rests on unsubstantiated assumptions about the time window of evidence accumulation, and their stepping model cannot explain existing data as effectively as evidence-accumulation models.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shadlen, Michael N -- Kiani, Roozbeh -- Newsome, William T -- Gold, Joshua I -- Wolpert, Daniel M -- Zylberberg, Ariel -- Ditterich, Jochen -- de Lafuente, Victor -- Yang, Tianming -- Roitman, Jamie -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Mar 25;351(6280):1406. doi: 10.1126/science.aad3242.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI) and Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA. shadlen@columbia.edu. ; Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY, USA. ; HHMI and Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA. ; Department of Neuroscience, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA. ; Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. ; HHMI and Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA. ; Center for Neuroscience and Department of Neurobiology, Physiology, and Behavior, University of California, Davis, CA, USA. ; Institute for Neuroscience, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Queretaro, Mexico. ; Institute of Neuroscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China. ; Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27013723" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: Sanchez et al.'s textbook k-anonymization example does not prove, or even suggest, that location and other big-data data sets can be anonymized and of general use. The synthetic data set that they "successfully anonymize" bears no resemblance to modern high-dimensional data sets on which their methods fail. Moving forward, deidentification should not be considered a useful basis for policy.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉de Montjoye, Yves-Alexandre -- Pentland, Alex Sandy -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Mar 18;351(6279):1274. doi: 10.1126/science.aaf1578.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. Harvard University, Institute for Quantitative Social Science, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. yvesalexandre@demontjoye.com. ; Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26989244" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: Scavenger receptor BI (SR-BI) is the major receptor for high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (HDL-C). In humans, high amounts of HDL-C in plasma are associated with a lower risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). Mice that have depleted Scarb1 (SR-BI knockout mice) have markedly elevated HDL-C levels but, paradoxically, increased atherosclerosis. The impact of SR-BI on HDL metabolism and CHD risk in humans remains unclear. Through targeted sequencing of coding regions of lipid-modifying genes in 328 individuals with extremely high plasma HDL-C levels, we identified a homozygote for a loss-of-function variant, in which leucine replaces proline 376 (P376L), in SCARB1, the gene encoding SR-BI. The P376L variant impairs posttranslational processing of SR-BI and abrogates selective HDL cholesterol uptake in transfected cells, in hepatocyte-like cells derived from induced pluripotent stem cells from the homozygous subject, and in mice. Large population-based studies revealed that subjects who are heterozygous carriers of the P376L variant have significantly increased levels of plasma HDL-C. P376L carriers have a profound HDL-related phenotype and an increased risk of CHD (odds ratio = 1.79, which is statistically significant).〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zanoni, Paolo -- Khetarpal, Sumeet A -- Larach, Daniel B -- Hancock-Cerutti, William F -- Millar, John S -- Cuchel, Marina -- DerOhannessian, Stephanie -- Kontush, Anatol -- Surendran, Praveen -- Saleheen, Danish -- Trompet, Stella -- Jukema, J Wouter -- De Craen, Anton -- Deloukas, Panos -- Sattar, Naveed -- Ford, Ian -- Packard, Chris -- Majumder, Abdullah al Shafi -- Alam, Dewan S -- Di Angelantonio, Emanuele -- Abecasis, Goncalo -- Chowdhury, Rajiv -- Erdmann, Jeanette -- Nordestgaard, Borge G -- Nielsen, Sune F -- Tybjaerg-Hansen, Anne -- Schmidt, Ruth Frikke -- Kuulasmaa, Kari -- Liu, Dajiang J -- Perola, Markus -- Blankenberg, Stefan -- Salomaa, Veikko -- Mannisto, Satu -- Amouyel, Philippe -- Arveiler, Dominique -- Ferrieres, Jean -- Muller-Nurasyid, Martina -- Ferrario, Marco -- Kee, Frank -- Willer, Cristen J -- Samani, Nilesh -- Schunkert, Heribert -- Butterworth, Adam S -- Howson, Joanna M M -- Peloso, Gina M -- Stitziel, Nathan O -- Danesh, John -- Kathiresan, Sekar -- Rader, Daniel J -- CHD Exome+ Consortium -- CARDIoGRAM Exome Consortium -- Global Lipids Genetics Consortium -- R01 DK089256/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL117078/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- TL1 RR024133/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- TL1R000138/PHS HHS/ -- TL1RR024133/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Mar 11;351(6278):1166-71. doi: 10.1126/science.aad3517.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Departments of Genetics and Medicine, Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. ; Departments of Genetics and Medicine, Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. INSERM UMR 1166 ICAN, Universite Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 6, Hopital de la Pitie, Paris, France. ; INSERM UMR 1166 ICAN, Universite Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 6, Hopital de la Pitie, Paris, France. ; Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. ; Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. Centre for Non-Communicable Diseases, Karachi, Pakistan. ; Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands. Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands. ; Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands. The Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of the Netherlands, Utrecht, Netherlands. ; Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands. ; Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK. ; Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, British Heart Foundation, Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK. ; Robertson Center for Biostatistics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK. ; Glasgow Clinical Research Facility, Western Infirmary, Glasgow, UK. ; National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka, Bangladesh. ; International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Mohakhali, Dhaka, Bangladesh. ; Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA. ; Institute for Integrative and Experimental Genomics, University of Lubeck, Lubeck 23562, Germany. ; Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark. ; Copenhagen University Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. ; Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospitals, Copenhagen, Denmark. ; Department of Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland. ; Department of Public Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA 17033, USA. ; Department of Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland. Institute of Molecular Medicine FIMM, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. ; Department of General and Interventional Cardiology, University Heart Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany. University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany. ; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France. ; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France. ; Department of Epidemiology, Toulouse University-CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France. ; Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany. Department of Medicine I, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany. ; Research Centre in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy. ; UKCRC Centre of Excellence for Public Health, Queens University, Belfast, Northern Ireland. ; Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, Department of Human Genetics, and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA. ; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK. National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hotel, Leicester, UK. ; Deutsches Herzzentrum Munchen, Technische Universitat Munchen, Munich, Germany. ; Broad Institute and Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA. ; Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Department of Genetics, and the McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA. ; Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK. ; Departments of Genetics and Medicine, Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. rader@mail.med.upenn.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26965621" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: Consolation behavior toward distressed others is common in humans and great apes, yet our ability to explore the biological mechanisms underlying this behavior is limited by its apparent absence in laboratory animals. Here, we provide empirical evidence that a rodent species, the highly social and monogamous prairie vole (Microtus ochrogaster), greatly increases partner-directed grooming toward familiar conspecifics (but not strangers) that have experienced an unobserved stressor, providing social buffering. Prairie voles also match the fear response, anxiety-related behaviors, and corticosterone increase of the stressed cagemate, suggesting an empathy mechanism. Exposure to the stressed cagemate increases activity in the anterior cingulate cortex, and oxytocin receptor antagonist infused into this region abolishes the partner-directed response, showing conserved neural mechanisms between prairie vole and human.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4737486/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4737486/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Burkett, J P -- Andari, E -- Johnson, Z V -- Curry, D C -- de Waal, F B M -- Young, L J -- 1P50MH100023/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- F31 MH102911-01/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- F32 HD008702/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- P50 MH100023/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- P51 OD011132/OD/NIH HHS/ -- P51OD011132/OD/NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH096983/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01MH096983/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- T32GM08605-10/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Jan 22;351(6271):375-8. doi: 10.1126/science.aac4785.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Silvio O. Conte Center for Oxytocin and Social Cognition, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA. Center for Translational Social Neuroscience, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA. Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA. jpburke@emory.edu lyoun03@emory.edu. ; Silvio O. Conte Center for Oxytocin and Social Cognition, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA. Center for Translational Social Neuroscience, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA. Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA. ; Center for Translational Social Neuroscience, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA. Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA. ; Center for Translational Social Neuroscience, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA. Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA. Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands. ; Silvio O. Conte Center for Oxytocin and Social Cognition, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA. Center for Translational Social Neuroscience, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA. Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA. Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA. jpburke@emory.edu lyoun03@emory.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26798013" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉