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  • Animals  (167)
  • Humans  (113)
  • ASTROPHYSICS
  • Condensed Matter: Electronic Properties, etc.
  • Life and Medical Sciences
  • MACHINE ELEMENTS AND PROCESSES
  • Polymer and Materials Science
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (221)
  • 2010-2014  (221)
  • 1995-1999
  • 1970-1974
  • 1930-1934
  • 2012  (221)
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  • 2010-2014  (221)
  • 1995-1999
  • 1970-1974
  • 1930-1934
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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2012-07-17
    Description: The Paisley Caves in Oregon record the oldest directly dated human remains (DNA) in the Western Hemisphere. More than 100 high-precision radiocarbon dates show that deposits containing artifacts and coprolites ranging in age from 12,450 to 2295 (14)C years ago are well stratified. Western Stemmed projectile points were recovered in deposits dated to 11,070 to 11,340 (14)C years ago, a time contemporaneous with or preceding the Clovis technology. There is no evidence of diagnostic Clovis technology at the site. These two distinct technologies were parallel developments, not the product of a unilinear technological evolution. "Blind testing" analysis of coprolites by an independent laboratory confirms the presence of human DNA in specimens of pre-Clovis age. The colonization of the Americas involved multiple technologically divergent, and possibly genetically divergent, founding groups.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jenkins, Dennis L -- Davis, Loren G -- Stafford, Thomas W Jr -- Campos, Paula F -- Hockett, Bryan -- Jones, George T -- Cummings, Linda Scott -- Yost, Chad -- Connolly, Thomas J -- Yohe, Robert M 2nd -- Gibbons, Summer C -- Raghavan, Maanasa -- Rasmussen, Morten -- Paijmans, Johanna L A -- Hofreiter, Michael -- Kemp, Brian M -- Barta, Jodi Lynn -- Monroe, Cara -- Gilbert, M Thomas P -- Willerslev, Eske -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Jul 13;337(6091):223-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1218443.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Museum of Natural and Cultural History, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA. djenkins@uoregon.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22798611" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Archaeology ; *Caves ; DNA/analysis ; Emigration and Immigration/history ; Feces ; *Fossils ; History, Ancient ; Humans ; Molecular Sequence Data ; North America ; Oregon ; Population Dynamics ; Radiometric Dating ; Rodentia ; Technology/history ; Time
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2012-12-15
    Description: Most eukaryotic organisms are arthropods. Yet, their diversity in rich terrestrial ecosystems is still unknown. Here we produce tangible estimates of the total species richness of arthropods in a tropical rainforest. Using a comprehensive range of structured protocols, we sampled the phylogenetic breadth of arthropod taxa from the soil to the forest canopy in the San Lorenzo forest, Panama. We collected 6144 arthropod species from 0.48 hectare and extrapolated total species richness to larger areas on the basis of competing models. The whole 6000-hectare forest reserve most likely sustains 25,000 arthropod species. Notably, just 1 hectare of rainforest yields 〉60% of the arthropod biodiversity held in the wider landscape. Models based on plant diversity fitted the accumulated species richness of both herbivore and nonherbivore taxa exceptionally well. This lends credence to global estimates of arthropod biodiversity developed from plant models.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Basset, Yves -- Cizek, Lukas -- Cuenoud, Philippe -- Didham, Raphael K -- Guilhaumon, Francois -- Missa, Olivier -- Novotny, Vojtech -- Odegaard, Frode -- Roslin, Tomas -- Schmidl, Jurgen -- Tishechkin, Alexey K -- Winchester, Neville N -- Roubik, David W -- Aberlenc, Henri-Pierre -- Bail, Johannes -- Barrios, Hector -- Bridle, Jon R -- Castano-Meneses, Gabriela -- Corbara, Bruno -- Curletti, Gianfranco -- Duarte da Rocha, Wesley -- De Bakker, Domir -- Delabie, Jacques H C -- Dejean, Alain -- Fagan, Laura L -- Floren, Andreas -- Kitching, Roger L -- Medianero, Enrique -- Miller, Scott E -- Gama de Oliveira, Evandro -- Orivel, Jerome -- Pollet, Marc -- Rapp, Mathieu -- Ribeiro, Servio P -- Roisin, Yves -- Schmidt, Jesper B -- Sorensen, Line -- Leponce, Maurice -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Dec 14;338(6113):1481-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1226727.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama City, Republic of Panama. bassety@si.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23239740" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Arthropods/*anatomy & histology/*classification ; *Biodiversity ; Herbivory ; Rain ; Trees ; Tropical Climate
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    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2012-06-02
    Description: Structure determination of proteins and other macromolecules has historically required the growth of high-quality crystals sufficiently large to diffract x-rays efficiently while withstanding radiation damage. We applied serial femtosecond crystallography (SFX) using an x-ray free-electron laser (XFEL) to obtain high-resolution structural information from microcrystals (less than 1 micrometer by 1 micrometer by 3 micrometers) of the well-characterized model protein lysozyme. The agreement with synchrotron data demonstrates the immediate relevance of SFX for analyzing the structure of the large group of difficult-to-crystallize molecules.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3788707/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3788707/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Boutet, Sebastien -- Lomb, Lukas -- Williams, Garth J -- Barends, Thomas R M -- Aquila, Andrew -- Doak, R Bruce -- Weierstall, Uwe -- DePonte, Daniel P -- Steinbrener, Jan -- Shoeman, Robert L -- Messerschmidt, Marc -- Barty, Anton -- White, Thomas A -- Kassemeyer, Stephan -- Kirian, Richard A -- Seibert, M Marvin -- Montanez, Paul A -- Kenney, Chris -- Herbst, Ryan -- Hart, Philip -- Pines, Jack -- Haller, Gunther -- Gruner, Sol M -- Philipp, Hugh T -- Tate, Mark W -- Hromalik, Marianne -- Koerner, Lucas J -- van Bakel, Niels -- Morse, John -- Ghonsalves, Wilfred -- Arnlund, David -- Bogan, Michael J -- Caleman, Carl -- Fromme, Raimund -- Hampton, Christina Y -- Hunter, Mark S -- Johansson, Linda C -- Katona, Gergely -- Kupitz, Christopher -- Liang, Mengning -- Martin, Andrew V -- Nass, Karol -- Redecke, Lars -- Stellato, Francesco -- Timneanu, Nicusor -- Wang, Dingjie -- Zatsepin, Nadia A -- Schafer, Donald -- Defever, James -- Neutze, Richard -- Fromme, Petra -- Spence, John C H -- Chapman, Henry N -- Schlichting, Ilme -- 1R01GM095583/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM095583/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Jul 20;337(6092):362-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1217737. Epub 2012 May 31.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA. sboutet@slac.stanford.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22653729" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Crystallography, X-Ray/*methods ; Lasers ; Muramidase/chemistry/radiation effects ; *Protein Conformation
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2012-12-01
    Description: The Trypanosoma brucei cysteine protease cathepsin B (TbCatB), which is involved in host protein degradation, is a promising target to develop new treatments against sleeping sickness, a fatal disease caused by this protozoan parasite. The structure of the mature, active form of TbCatB has so far not provided sufficient information for the design of a safe and specific drug against T. brucei. By combining two recent innovations, in vivo crystallization and serial femtosecond crystallography, we obtained the room-temperature 2.1 angstrom resolution structure of the fully glycosylated precursor complex of TbCatB. The structure reveals the mechanism of native TbCatB inhibition and demonstrates that new biomolecular information can be obtained by the "diffraction-before-destruction" approach of x-ray free-electron lasers from hundreds of thousands of individual microcrystals.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3786669/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3786669/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Redecke, Lars -- Nass, Karol -- DePonte, Daniel P -- White, Thomas A -- Rehders, Dirk -- Barty, Anton -- Stellato, Francesco -- Liang, Mengning -- Barends, Thomas R M -- Boutet, Sebastien -- Williams, Garth J -- Messerschmidt, Marc -- Seibert, M Marvin -- Aquila, Andrew -- Arnlund, David -- Bajt, Sasa -- Barth, Torsten -- Bogan, Michael J -- Caleman, Carl -- Chao, Tzu-Chiao -- Doak, R Bruce -- Fleckenstein, Holger -- Frank, Matthias -- Fromme, Raimund -- Galli, Lorenzo -- Grotjohann, Ingo -- Hunter, Mark S -- Johansson, Linda C -- Kassemeyer, Stephan -- Katona, Gergely -- Kirian, Richard A -- Koopmann, Rudolf -- Kupitz, Chris -- Lomb, Lukas -- Martin, Andrew V -- Mogk, Stefan -- Neutze, Richard -- Shoeman, Robert L -- Steinbrener, Jan -- Timneanu, Nicusor -- Wang, Dingjie -- Weierstall, Uwe -- Zatsepin, Nadia A -- Spence, John C H -- Fromme, Petra -- Schlichting, Ilme -- Duszenko, Michael -- Betzel, Christian -- Chapman, Henry N -- 1R01GM095583/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM095583/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- U54 GM094599/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Jan 11;339(6116):227-30. doi: 10.1126/science.1229663. Epub 2012 Nov 29.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Joint Laboratory for Structural Biology of Infection and Inflammation, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Hamburg, and Institute of Biochemistry, University of Lubeck, at Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23196907" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Catalytic Domain ; Cathepsin B/antagonists & inhibitors/*chemistry ; Crystallization ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Enzyme Precursors/chemistry ; Glycosylation ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Protein Conformation ; Protozoan Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors/*chemistry ; Sf9 Cells ; Spodoptera ; Trypanosoma brucei brucei/*enzymology ; X-Rays
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2012-05-19
    Description: Rare genetic variants contribute to complex disease risk; however, the abundance of rare variants in human populations remains unknown. We explored this spectrum of variation by sequencing 202 genes encoding drug targets in 14,002 individuals. We find rare variants are abundant (1 every 17 bases) and geographically localized, so that even with large sample sizes, rare variant catalogs will be largely incomplete. We used the observed patterns of variation to estimate population growth parameters, the proportion of variants in a given frequency class that are putatively deleterious, and mutation rates for each gene. We conclude that because of rapid population growth and weak purifying selection, human populations harbor an abundance of rare variants, many of which are deleterious and have relevance to understanding disease risk.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4319976/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4319976/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nelson, Matthew R -- Wegmann, Daniel -- Ehm, Margaret G -- Kessner, Darren -- St Jean, Pamela -- Verzilli, Claudio -- Shen, Judong -- Tang, Zhengzheng -- Bacanu, Silviu-Alin -- Fraser, Dana -- Warren, Liling -- Aponte, Jennifer -- Zawistowski, Matthew -- Liu, Xiao -- Zhang, Hao -- Zhang, Yong -- Li, Jun -- Li, Yun -- Li, Li -- Woollard, Peter -- Topp, Simon -- Hall, Matthew D -- Nangle, Keith -- Wang, Jun -- Abecasis, Goncalo -- Cardon, Lon R -- Zollner, Sebastian -- Whittaker, John C -- Chissoe, Stephanie L -- Novembre, John -- Mooser, Vincent -- T32 HG002536/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Jul 6;337(6090):100-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1217876. Epub 2012 May 17.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Quantitative Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline (GSK), Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA. matthew.r.nelson@gsk.com〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22604722" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: African Americans/genetics ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Disease/*genetics ; European Continental Ancestry Group/genetics ; Gene Frequency ; Genetic Association Studies ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; *Genetic Variation ; *Genome, Human ; Geography ; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing ; Humans ; Molecular Targeted Therapy ; Multifactorial Inheritance ; Mutation Rate ; Pharmacogenetics ; Phenotype ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Population Growth ; Sample Size ; Selection, Genetic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2012-06-30
    Description: Influenza A virus (IAV) infection leads to variable and imperfectly understood pathogenicity. We report that segment 3 of the virus contains a second open reading frame ("X-ORF"), accessed via ribosomal frameshifting. The frameshift product, termed PA-X, comprises the endonuclease domain of the viral PA protein with a C-terminal domain encoded by the X-ORF and functions to repress cellular gene expression. PA-X also modulates IAV virulence in a mouse infection model, acting to decrease pathogenicity. Loss of PA-X expression leads to changes in the kinetics of the global host response, which notably includes increases in inflammatory, apoptotic, and T lymphocyte-signaling pathways. Thus, we have identified a previously unknown IAV protein that modulates the host response to infection, a finding with important implications for understanding IAV pathogenesis.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3552242/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3552242/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jagger, B W -- Wise, H M -- Kash, J C -- Walters, K-A -- Wills, N M -- Xiao, Y-L -- Dunfee, R L -- Schwartzman, L M -- Ozinsky, A -- Bell, G L -- Dalton, R M -- Lo, A -- Efstathiou, S -- Atkins, J F -- Firth, A E -- Taubenberger, J K -- Digard, P -- 073126/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 088789/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- G0700815/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- G0700815(82260)/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- G9800943/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- MR/J002232/1/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- Intramural NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Jul 13;337(6091):199-204. doi: 10.1126/science.1222213. Epub 2012 Jun 28.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Virology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QP, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22745253" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Cell Line ; Codon ; Conserved Sequence ; Female ; *Frameshifting, Ribosomal ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Genome, Viral ; HEK293 Cells ; Humans ; Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/*genetics/growth & development/pathogenicity ; Influenza A virus/*genetics/metabolism ; Lung/pathology/virology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; *Open Reading Frames ; Orthomyxoviridae Infections/genetics/immunology/pathology/*virology ; Protein Interaction Domains and Motifs ; Proteome ; RNA Replicase/chemistry/*genetics/*metabolism ; RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism ; RNA, Viral/genetics/metabolism ; Reassortant Viruses/genetics ; Repressor Proteins/chemistry/*genetics/*metabolism ; Viral Nonstructural Proteins/chemistry/*genetics/*metabolism ; Viral Proteins/biosynthesis/chemistry/*genetics/*metabolism ; Virus Replication
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2012-01-28
    Description: Neighboring genes are often coordinately expressed within cis-regulatory modules, but evidence that nonparalogous genes share functions in mammals is lacking. Here, we report that mutation of either TMEM138 or TMEM216 causes a phenotypically indistinguishable human ciliopathy, Joubert syndrome. Despite a lack of sequence homology, the genes are aligned in a head-to-tail configuration and joined by chromosomal rearrangement at the amphibian-to-reptile evolutionary transition. Expression of the two genes is mediated by a conserved regulatory element in the noncoding intergenic region. Coordinated expression is important for their interdependent cellular role in vesicular transport to primary cilia. Hence, during vertebrate evolution of genes involved in ciliogenesis, nonparalogous genes were arranged to a functional gene cluster with shared regulatory elements.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3671610/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3671610/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lee, Jeong Ho -- Silhavy, Jennifer L -- Lee, Ji Eun -- Al-Gazali, Lihadh -- Thomas, Sophie -- Davis, Erica E -- Bielas, Stephanie L -- Hill, Kiley J -- Iannicelli, Miriam -- Brancati, Francesco -- Gabriel, Stacey B -- Russ, Carsten -- Logan, Clare V -- Sharif, Saghira Malik -- Bennett, Christopher P -- Abe, Masumi -- Hildebrandt, Friedhelm -- Diplas, Bill H -- Attie-Bitach, Tania -- Katsanis, Nicholas -- Rajab, Anna -- Koul, Roshan -- Sztriha, Laszlo -- Waters, Elizabeth R -- Ferro-Novick, Susan -- Woods, C Geoffrey -- Johnson, Colin A -- Valente, Enza Maria -- Zaki, Maha S -- Gleeson, Joseph G -- DK068306/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- DK072301/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- DK075972/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- DK090917/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- EY021872/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- G0700073/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- GGP08145/Telethon/Italy -- HD042601/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- NS04843/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS052455/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- P30 CA023100/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P30NS047101/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK068306/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK072301/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK075972/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 EY021872/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HD042601/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS048453/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS052455/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- U54 HG003067/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Feb 24;335(6071):966-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1213506. Epub 2012 Jan 26.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Neurogenetics Laboratory, Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI), Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22282472" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Cell Line ; Cerebellar Diseases/*genetics/metabolism/pathology ; Cilia/metabolism/*ultrastructure ; Conserved Sequence ; DNA, Intergenic ; *Evolution, Molecular ; Eye Abnormalities/*genetics/metabolism/pathology ; Gene Expression Profiling ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; Genetic Heterogeneity ; *Genetic Loci ; Humans ; Kidney Diseases, Cystic/*genetics/metabolism/pathology ; Membrane Proteins/chemistry/*genetics/metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Multigene Family ; Mutation ; Mutation, Missense ; Phenotype ; Protein Transport ; *Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; Retina/abnormalities/metabolism/pathology ; Transport Vesicles/metabolism/ultrastructure
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2012-09-29
    Description: Cancer cells accommodate multiple genetic and epigenetic alterations that initially activate intrinsic (cell-autonomous) and extrinsic (immune-mediated) oncosuppressive mechanisms. Only once these barriers to oncogenesis have been overcome can malignant growth proceed unrestrained. Tetraploidization can contribute to oncogenesis because hyperploid cells are genomically unstable. We report that hyperploid cancer cells become immunogenic because of a constitutive endoplasmic reticulum stress response resulting in the aberrant cell surface exposure of calreticulin. Hyperploid, calreticulin-exposing cancer cells readily proliferated in immunodeficient mice and conserved their increased DNA content. In contrast, hyperploid cells injected into immunocompetent mice generated tumors only after a delay, and such tumors exhibited reduced DNA content, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and calreticulin exposure. Our results unveil an immunosurveillance system that imposes immunoselection against hyperploidy in carcinogen- and oncogene-induced cancers.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Senovilla, Laura -- Vitale, Ilio -- Martins, Isabelle -- Tailler, Maximilien -- Pailleret, Claire -- Michaud, Mickael -- Galluzzi, Lorenzo -- Adjemian, Sandy -- Kepp, Oliver -- Niso-Santano, Mireia -- Shen, Shensi -- Marino, Guillermo -- Criollo, Alfredo -- Boileve, Alice -- Job, Bastien -- Ladoire, Sylvain -- Ghiringhelli, Francois -- Sistigu, Antonella -- Yamazaki, Takahiro -- Rello-Varona, Santiago -- Locher, Clara -- Poirier-Colame, Vichnou -- Talbot, Monique -- Valent, Alexander -- Berardinelli, Francesco -- Antoccia, Antonio -- Ciccosanti, Fabiola -- Fimia, Gian Maria -- Piacentini, Mauro -- Fueyo, Antonio -- Messina, Nicole L -- Li, Ming -- Chan, Christopher J -- Sigl, Verena -- Pourcher, Guillaume -- Ruckenstuhl, Christoph -- Carmona-Gutierrez, Didac -- Lazar, Vladimir -- Penninger, Josef M -- Madeo, Frank -- Lopez-Otin, Carlos -- Smyth, Mark J -- Zitvogel, Laurence -- Castedo, Maria -- Kroemer, Guido -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Sep 28;337(6102):1678-84.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉INSERM, U848, Villejuif, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23019653" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Calreticulin/immunology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Common Variable Immunodeficiency/genetics ; DNA, Neoplasm/analysis/genetics ; Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress/*immunology ; Eukaryotic Initiation Factor-2/metabolism ; Humans ; Immunocompetence ; *Immunologic Surveillance ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Neoplasms/chemically induced/*genetics/*immunology ; Phosphorylation ; *Ploidies
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2012-08-04
    Description: ISG15 is an interferon (IFN)-alpha/beta-inducible, ubiquitin-like intracellular protein. Its conjugation to various proteins (ISGylation) contributes to antiviral immunity in mice. Here, we describe human patients with inherited ISG15 deficiency and mycobacterial, but not viral, diseases. The lack of intracellular ISG15 production and protein ISGylation was not associated with cellular susceptibility to any viruses that we tested, consistent with the lack of viral diseases in these patients. By contrast, the lack of mycobacterium-induced ISG15 secretion by leukocytes-granulocyte, in particular-reduced the production of IFN-gamma by lymphocytes, including natural killer cells, probably accounting for the enhanced susceptibility to mycobacterial disease. This experiment of nature shows that human ISGylation is largely redundant for antiviral immunity, but that ISG15 plays an essential role as an IFN-gamma-inducing secreted molecule for optimal antimycobacterial immunity.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3507439/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3507439/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bogunovic, Dusan -- Byun, Minji -- Durfee, Larissa A -- Abhyankar, Avinash -- Sanal, Ozden -- Mansouri, Davood -- Salem, Sandra -- Radovanovic, Irena -- Grant, Audrey V -- Adimi, Parisa -- Mansouri, Nahal -- Okada, Satoshi -- Bryant, Vanessa L -- Kong, Xiao-Fei -- Kreins, Alexandra -- Velez, Marcela Moncada -- Boisson, Bertrand -- Khalilzadeh, Soheila -- Ozcelik, Ugur -- Darazam, Ilad Alavi -- Schoggins, John W -- Rice, Charles M -- Al-Muhsen, Saleh -- Behr, Marcel -- Vogt, Guillaume -- Puel, Anne -- Bustamante, Jacinta -- Gros, Philippe -- Huibregtse, Jon M -- Abel, Laurent -- Boisson-Dupuis, Stephanie -- Casanova, Jean-Laurent -- 1R37AI095983-01/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- 5R01AI035237-15/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- 8UL1TR000043/TR/NCATS NIH HHS/ -- AI096090/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- CA072943/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI035237/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI091707/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI096090/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA072943/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R37 AI095983/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- UL1 TR000043/TR/NCATS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Sep 28;337(6102):1684-8. Epub 2012 Aug 2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22859821" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibodies, Viral/blood ; Cytokines/genetics/*immunology ; Female ; Granulocytes/immunology ; Humans ; Immunity ; Interferon-gamma/*immunology ; Interleukin-12/immunology ; Killer Cells, Natural/immunology ; Male ; Mice ; Mycobacterium Infections/blood/genetics/*immunology ; Pedigree ; T-Lymphocytes/immunology ; Ubiquitins/genetics/*immunology ; Virus Diseases/blood/*immunology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2012-12-22
    Description: Bats are the only mammals capable of sustained flight and are notorious reservoir hosts for some of the world's most highly pathogenic viruses, including Nipah, Hendra, Ebola, and severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). To identify genetic changes associated with the development of bat-specific traits, we performed whole-genome sequencing and comparative analyses of two distantly related species, fruit bat Pteropus alecto and insectivorous bat Myotis davidii. We discovered an unexpected concentration of positively selected genes in the DNA damage checkpoint and nuclear factor kappaB pathways that may be related to the origin of flight, as well as expansion and contraction of important gene families. Comparison of bat genomes with other mammalian species has provided new insights into bat biology and evolution.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zhang, Guojie -- Cowled, Christopher -- Shi, Zhengli -- Huang, Zhiyong -- Bishop-Lilly, Kimberly A -- Fang, Xiaodong -- Wynne, James W -- Xiong, Zhiqiang -- Baker, Michelle L -- Zhao, Wei -- Tachedjian, Mary -- Zhu, Yabing -- Zhou, Peng -- Jiang, Xuanting -- Ng, Justin -- Yang, Lan -- Wu, Lijun -- Xiao, Jin -- Feng, Yue -- Chen, Yuanxin -- Sun, Xiaoqing -- Zhang, Yong -- Marsh, Glenn A -- Crameri, Gary -- Broder, Christopher C -- Frey, Kenneth G -- Wang, Lin-Fa -- Wang, Jun -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Jan 25;339(6118):456-60. doi: 10.1126/science.1230835. Epub 2012 Dec 20.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China. zhanggj@genomics.org.cn〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23258410" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Chiroptera/*genetics/immunology/physiology ; DNA Damage/genetics ; DNA Repair/genetics ; Echolocation ; Evolution, Molecular ; *Flight, Animal ; Genetic Speciation ; *Genome ; Hibernation/genetics ; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing ; Immunity, Innate/*genetics ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phylogeny ; Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism ; Selection, Genetic ; *Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Species Specificity
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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