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  • Temperature  (3)
  • 2010-2014  (3)
  • 1970-1974
  • 1965-1969
  • 2010  (3)
  • 1
    Publication Date: 2010-11-05
    Description: The meridional overturning circulation (MOC) of the Atlantic Ocean is considered to be one of the most important components of the climate system. This is because its warm surface currents, such as the Gulf Stream, redistribute huge amounts of energy from tropical to high latitudes and influence regional weather and climate patterns, whereas its lower limb ventilates the deep ocean and affects the storage of carbon in the abyss, away from the atmosphere. Despite its significance for future climate, the operation of the MOC under contrasting climates of the past remains controversial. Nutrient-based proxies and recent model simulations indicate that during the Last Glacial Maximum the convective activity in the North Atlantic Ocean was much weaker than at present. In contrast, rate-sensitive radiogenic (231)Pa/(230)Th isotope ratios from the North Atlantic have been interpreted to indicate only minor changes in MOC strength. Here we show that the basin-scale abyssal circulation of the Atlantic Ocean was probably reversed during the Last Glacial Maximum and was dominated by northward water flow from the Southern Ocean. These conclusions are based on new high-resolution data from the South Atlantic Ocean that establish the basin-scale north to south gradient in (231)Pa/(230)Th, and thus the direction of the deep ocean circulation. Our findings are consistent with nutrient-based proxies and argue that further analysis of (231)Pa/(230)Th outside the North Atlantic basin will enhance our understanding of past ocean circulation, provided that spatial gradients are carefully considered. This broader perspective suggests that the modern pattern of the Atlantic MOC-with a prominent southerly flow of deep waters originating in the North Atlantic-arose only during the Holocene epoch.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Negre, Cesar -- Zahn, Rainer -- Thomas, Alexander L -- Masque, Pere -- Henderson, Gideon M -- Martinez-Mendez, Gema -- Hall, Ian R -- Mas, Jose L -- England -- Nature. 2010 Nov 4;468(7320):84-8. doi: 10.1038/nature09508.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institut de Ciencia i Tecnologia Ambientals (ICTA), Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain. cesar@negre.us〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21048764" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Atlantic Ocean ; Atmosphere/chemistry ; Carbon/analysis ; *Cold Climate ; Foraminifera/metabolism ; History, Ancient ; *Ice Cover ; Seawater/*analysis ; Temperature ; *Water Movements
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2010-05-15
    Description: It is predicted that climate change will cause species extinctions and distributional shifts in coming decades, but data to validate these predictions are relatively scarce. Here, we compare recent and historical surveys for 48 Mexican lizard species at 200 sites. Since 1975, 12% of local populations have gone extinct. We verified physiological models of extinction risk with observed local extinctions and extended projections worldwide. Since 1975, we estimate that 4% of local populations have gone extinct worldwide, but by 2080 local extinctions are projected to reach 39% worldwide, and species extinctions may reach 20%. Global extinction projections were validated with local extinctions observed from 1975 to 2009 for regional biotas on four other continents, suggesting that lizards have already crossed a threshold for extinctions caused by climate change.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sinervo, Barry -- Mendez-de-la-Cruz, Fausto -- Miles, Donald B -- Heulin, Benoit -- Bastiaans, Elizabeth -- Villagran-Santa Cruz, Maricela -- Lara-Resendiz, Rafael -- Martinez-Mendez, Norberto -- Calderon-Espinosa, Martha Lucia -- Meza-Lazaro, Rubi Nelsi -- Gadsden, Hector -- Avila, Luciano Javier -- Morando, Mariana -- De la Riva, Ignacio J -- Victoriano Sepulveda, Pedro -- Rocha, Carlos Frederico Duarte -- Ibarguengoytia, Nora -- Aguilar Puntriano, Cesar -- Massot, Manuel -- Lepetz, Virginie -- Oksanen, Tuula A -- Chapple, David G -- Bauer, Aaron M -- Branch, William R -- Clobert, Jean -- Sites, Jack W Jr -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 May 14;328(5980):894-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1184695.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA. lizardrps@gmail.com〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20466932" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acclimatization ; Animals ; *Biodiversity ; Biological Evolution ; Body Temperature ; *Climate Change ; *Ecosystem ; *Extinction, Biological ; Female ; Forecasting ; Geography ; Global Warming ; *Lizards/genetics/physiology ; Male ; Mexico ; Models, Biological ; Phylogeny ; Population Dynamics ; Reproduction ; Seasons ; Selection, Genetic ; Temperature
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: El cultivo de peces marinos ha atraído considerable atención en la última década, experimentando un gran auge en años recientes. Esto se debe principalmente al desarrollo y optimización de la tecnología de cultivo en jaulas, como también al mejoramiento de las técnicas de producción de juveniles, lo que ha incrementado el número de especies para las cuales existen cultivos de orientación comercial. En las circunstancias actuales, para que el cultivo de peces sea rentable es necesario controlar todas las fases del ciclo vital de la especie. En el presente trabajo se abordó esta problemática a través de estudios enfocados a la maduración gonadal y desove a través de tratamientos de temperatura y fotoperíodo denominados no invasivos. En el primer experimento se analizaron los parámetros ambientales de temperatura y fotoperíodo necesarios para que se efectue la maduración gonadal y el posterior desove del pargo amarillo Lutjanus argentiventris. Se estableció un rango de temperatura entre los 26 oC y 29 oC con fotoperíodos entre 14 y 16 horas de luz al día como las condiciones ambientales más apropiadas para motivar la maduración y desove de esta especie. Se observó un porcentaje de fertilización en los desoves obtenidos menor al 35 %. No se observaron diferencias significativas de los desoves obtenidos en la viabilidad, fertilización y eclosión de los mismos, entre los tratamientos evaluados. En un segundo experimento, se analizó la interrelación de los parámetros ambientales de temperatura y fotoperíodo y los desoves. Se comprobó que la ocurrencia de los desoves está correlacionada positivamente con las variables ambientales, sin embargo, constatamos que la temperatura tiene un efecto mayor en el proceso de maduración del pargo amarillo. El análisis de los ovarios del Lutjanus argentiventris reveló una organización funcional del ovario de tipo asincrónico, el establecimiento de 7 estadios de maduración gonadal y en forma separada las oogonias, que dividimos en dos fases de desarrollo: en la primera fase hay un período de crecimiento lento y largo que denominamos en el organismo como inmaduro, en esta fase localizamos las oogonias, el estadio I, ovocito peri-núcleo temprano y el estadio II, ovocito peri-núcleo tardío. La segunda fase es un periodo corto en donde los ovocitos crecen y maduran rápidamente para posteriormente ser desovados. En esta fase localizamos el estadio III, ovocito alvéolo cortical, el estadio IV, ovocito en vitelogénesis temprana, el estadio V, ovocito en vitelogénesis tardía, el estadio VI, ovocito en migración de vesícula germinal y el estadio VII, ovocito hidratado ó en maduración final. En los análisis bioquímicos realizados se evaluó el contenido de lípidos totales, triglicéridos y colesterol en los ovarios de organismos silvestres y domésticos. No se encontraron diferencias significativas en el contenido de lípidos totales y triglicéridos, pero si hubo diferencias en el contenido de colesterol entre los ovarios de organismos silvestres y domésticos. Se comparó el contenido de lípidos de los ovocitos en vitelogénesis tardía entre los ovarios de los organismos domésticos y silvestres mediante técnicas histoquímicas, en los cuales se encontraron diferencias significativas, mostrando una disminución del vitelo en los ovocitos de las hembras que han sido sometidas a un ciclo con múltiples desoves. No se encontraron diferencias significativas en el contenido de lípidos totales, colesterol y triglicéridos entre los huevos viables y no viables obtenidos. Se observaron diferencias significativas en contenido total de ácidos grasos saturados y monoinsaturados entre los huevos viables y no viables con una mayor concentración en los huevos no viables. No se observaron diferencias en el contenido de ácidos grasos poliinsaturados entre los huevos viables y no viables. Al analizar el contenido de ácidos grasos saturados, monoinsaturados y poliinsaturados en los ovarios de organismos silvestres y domésticos, no se observaron diferencias significativas. No se observaron diferencias en el factor de condición entre los organismos silvestres y domésticos.
    Description: OEA (Organización de Estados Americanos), AICD (Agencia Interamericana para la Cooperación y el Desarrollo), CONACyT (Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología)
    Description: In the last decade marine fish aquaculture has called the attention since it experienced a boom in recent years. This is due mainly because of the development and optimization of aquaculture techniques in cages and the improvement of fingerlings production. The number of species under commercial operations has been increased recently. In order to get reasonable economic yield, a marine fish aquaculture system most have control over the entire vital cycle of the species. Our work was focused on gonad maturity and spawning of yellow snapper (Lutjanus argentriventris) varying light duration (photoperiod) and temperature under controlled conditions in laboratory. Spawning was recorded under the range of variation in temperature from 26 oC to 29 oC, with photoperiods from 14 to 16 light hours. Less than 35 % of spawned eggs were fertilized. No significant differences in viability, fertilization, and egg braking were observed. Inter-relationship of temperature and photoperiod was analyzed during spawning experiments. Ovary analysis of Lutjanus argentiventris revealed a non-synchronic type of functional organization. Seven stages of gonad maturity were observed and oogony divided into two development phases: The first was characterized as a prolonged period of slow growth named as “immature stage”. The second phase was a short period where ovocities grow and mature rapidly and spawn. In this phase we identified stages III, IV, V, VI and VII, the last being an hydrate ovocite or in final maturity. Results of biochemical analysis of total lipids, triglycerids, and cholesterol in the ovaries of wild and domestics organisms showed non-significant differences in contents of total lipids and triglycerids, however, significant differences in contents of cholesterol were found. Significant differences of the contents of lipids of the ovocites in late vitelogenesis were found by means of hystochemical techniques. A decrease of vitelo in ovocites of females under a multiple spawning cycle was observed. In relation to content of total lipids, cholesterol and triglicerids non-significant differences were observed between viable and no viable eggs. However, significant differences in total content of saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids between the viable and not viable eggs were observed, with a higher concentration in not viable eggs. No significant differences in the content polyunsaturated fatty acids between the viable and not viable eggs were also observed. Content of saturated, monosaturated, and polyunsaturated fatty acids in ovaries of wild and domestic organisms resulted in no significant differences. Also the condition factor between of wild and domestic organisms resulted in no significant difference.
    Description: Temperatura; fotoperíodo, Lípidos
    Keywords: Fish culture ; Temperature ; Lipids ; Temperature ; Lipids ; Photoperiods ; Marine fish ; Fish culture
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Theses and Dissertations
    Format: 118
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