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  • 1
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    Streamflow generation in a large, alpine watershed in the southern Rocky Mountains of Colorado: Is streamflow generation simply the aggregation of hillslope runoff responses? (2011)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-06-15
    Description: Spatial and temporal trends in stream chemistry were investigated in a large (1600 km2) alpine watershed in the southern Rocky Mountains of Colorado to help understand mechanisms of streamflow generation. We observed linear increases of concentrations of chemical constituents in streamflow as accumulated drainage area increased along the main channel of Saguache Creek. We tested two conceptual models of streamflow generation against our stream chemistry observations. One model is essentially two-dimensional and treats streamflow generation at the large watershed scale as the aggregation of runoff responses from individual hillslopes, primarily surface and shallow subsurface flow paths. Alternatively, a fully three-dimensional conceptual model treats streamflow generation as being controlled by a distribution of large-scale groundwater flow paths as well as surface and shallow subsurface flow paths. The structure and magnitude of groundwater contributions in streamflow as a function of increasing scale provided a key distinction between these two conceptual models. End-member mixing analysis and measurements of hydraulic head gradients in streambeds were used to quantify basin-scale groundwater contributions to streamflow with increasing spatial scale in the Saguache Creek watershed. Our data show that groundwater contributions are important in streamflow generation at all scales and, more importantly, that groundwater contributions to streamflow do increase with increasing watershed scale. These results favor the three-dimensional conceptual model in which long groundwater flow paths provide a streamflow generation process at large scales that is not operative at smaller scales. This finding indicates that large watersheds may be more than simply the aggregation of hillslopes and small catchments.
    Print ISSN: 0043-1397
    Electronic ISSN: 1944-7973
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 2
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    CsSCL1 is differentially regulated upon maturation in chestnut microshoots and is specifically expressed in rooting-competent cells (2011)
    Oxford University Press
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    Publication Date: 2011-11-24
    Description: The Castanea sativa SCL1 gene ( CsSCL1 ) has previously been shown to be induced by auxin during adventitious root (AR) formation in rooting-competent microshoots. However, its expression has not previously been analyzed in rooting-incompetent shoots. This study focuses on the regulation of CsSCL1 during maturation and the role of the gene in the formation of AR. The expression of CsSCL1 in rooting-incompetent microshoots and other tissues was investigated by quantitative reverse transcriptase–­polymerase chain reaction. The analysis was complemented by in situ hybridization of the basal segments of rooting-competent and -­incompetent microshoots during AR induction, as well as in AR and lateral roots. It was found that CsSCL1 is upregulated by auxin in a cell-type- and phase-dependent manner during the induction of AR. In root-forming shoots, CsSCL1 mRNA was specifically located in the cambial zone and derivative cells, which are rooting-competent cells, whereas in rooting-incompetent shoots the hybridization signal was more diffuse and evenly distributed through the phloem and parenchyma. CsSCL1 expression was also detected in lateral roots and axillary buds. The different CsSCL1 expression patterns in rooting-competent and -incompetent microshoots, together with the specific location of transcripts in cell types involved in root meristem initiation and in the root primordia of AR and lateral roots, indicate an important role for the gene in determining whether certain cells will enter the root differentiation pathway and its involvement in meristem maintenance.
    Print ISSN: 0829-318X
    Electronic ISSN: 1758-4469
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 3
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    Flavor changing neutral currents, CP violation, and implications for some rare decays in a SU(4)_{L}⊗U(1)_{X} extension of the standard model (2011)
    American Physical Society (APS)
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    Publication Date: 2011-12-02
    Description: Author(s): Alejandro Jaramillo and Luis A. Sánchez [Phys. Rev. D 84, 115001] Published Thu Dec 01, 2011
    Keywords: Beyond the standard model
    Print ISSN: 0556-2821
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-4918
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society (APS)
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  • 4
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    Microscopic picture of the critical state in a superconductor with a periodic array of antidots (2011)
    American Physical Society (APS)
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    Publication Date: 2011-01-29
    Description: Author(s): A. V. Silhanek, J. Gutierrez, R. B. G. Kramer, G. W. Ataklti, J. Van de Vondel, V. V. Moshchalkov, and A. Sanchez By using scanning Hall microscopy we visualize the progressive formation of the critical state with individual vortex resolution in a Pb thin film with a periodic pinning array. Slightly above the first penetration field, we directly observe a terraced critical state as proposed theoretically by Coo... [Phys. Rev. B 83, 024509] Published Fri Jan 28, 2011
    Keywords: Superfluidity and superconductivity
    Print ISSN: 1098-0121
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-3795
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society (APS)
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  • 5
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    Physical properties of ultrasonic sprayed nanosized indium doped SnO2 films (2011)
    Elsevier
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-01
    Print ISSN: 0379-6779
    Electronic ISSN: 1879-3290
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Elsevier
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  • 6
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    Thermodynamic geometry of charged rotating BTZ black holes (2011)
    American Physical Society (APS)
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    Publication Date: 2011-04-20
    Description: Author(s): M. Akbar, H. Quevedo, K. Saifullah, A. Sánchez, and S. Taj We study the thermodynamics and the thermodynamic geometries of charged rotating Bañados-Teitelboim-Zanelli black holes in (2+1)-gravity. We investigate the thermodynamics of these systems within the context of the Weinhold and Ruppeiner thermodynamic geometries and the recently developed formalism... [Phys. Rev. D 83, 084031] Published Tue Apr 19, 2011
    Keywords: D15
    Print ISSN: 0556-2821
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-4918
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society (APS)
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  • 7
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    Scattering of Teleseismic Body Waves by the Lateral Crustal Heterogeneity at the Pacific Trench of Mexico (2011)
    Seismological Society of America (SSA)
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    Publication Date: 2011-06-01
    Description: We examine the scattered field generated at the Pacific trench of Mexico upon the incidence of teleseismic body waves and the waveguide properties associated with the structure of the subduction zone. In this study, we analyze seismic records from a portable array perpendicular to the trench that show a distinctive phase with a phase velocity of [IMG]/medium/1281eq1.gif" ALT="Formula "〉 following body-wave phases. This signal is better observed following phases with high incident angles such as PS, SP, and SS arriving from the ocean side of the trench and for events at teleseismic distances with magnitudes larger than Mw 7.0, although weak scattered signals were detected for events down to Mw 6.2 and for direct P and S phases. We found that the lateral transition between the dipping slab and continental crust, with an inclined boundary formed by the subducting slab at the trench, generates a strong discontinuity that scatters seismic waves, generating a secondary field with amplitude comparable to the incident wave. This phase appears for incident body-wave arrivals with characteristic wavelength comparable to the thickness of the continental crust. Analysis of the observed scattered field shows that the trapped waves are vertically polarized surface waves. Numerical modeling suggests that the impedance contrast at the trench and the geometry of the subducting slab form a waveguide-like structure that efficiently generates and transmits trapped seismic waves along the continental margin.
    Print ISSN: 0037-1106
    Electronic ISSN: 1943-3573
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Seismological Society of America (SSA)
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  • 8
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    Tether radiation in Juno-type and circular-equatorial Jovian orbits (2011)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2011-12-23
    Description: Wave radiation by a conductor carrying a steady current in both a polar, highly eccentric, low perijove orbit, as in NASA's planned Juno mission, and an equatorial low Jovian orbit (LJO) mission below the intense radiation belts, is considered. Both missions will need electric power generation for scientific instruments and communication systems. Tethers generate power more efficiently than solar panels or radioisotope power systems (RPS). The radiation impedance is required to determine the current in the overall tether circuit. In a cold plasma model, radiation occurs mainly in the Alfvén and fast magnetosonic modes, exhibiting a large refraction index. The radiation impedance of insulated tethers is determined for both modes and either mission. Unlike the Earth ionospheric case, the low-density, highly magnetized Jovian plasma makes the electron gyrofrequency much larger than the plasma frequency; this substantially modifies the power spectrum for either mode by increasing the Alfvén velocity. Finally, an estimation of the radiation impedance of bare tethers is considered. In LJO, a spacecraft orbiting in a slow downward spiral under the radiation belts would allow determining magnetic field structure and atmospheric composition for understanding the formation, evolution, and structure of Jupiter. Additionally, if the cathodic contactor is switched off, a tether floats electrically, allowing e-beam emission that generate auroras. On/off switching produces bias/current pulses and signal emission, which might be used for Jovian plasma diagnostics.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 9
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    Monitoring the world's agriculture (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2010-07-31
    Description: To feed the world without further damaging the planet, Jeffrey Sachs and 24 foodsystem experts call for a global data collection and dissemination network to track the myriad impacts of different farming practices.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sachs, Jeffrey -- Remans, Roseline -- Smukler, Sean -- Winowiecki, Leigh -- Andelman, Sandy J -- Cassman, Kenneth G -- Castle, David -- DeFries, Ruth -- Denning, Glenn -- Fanzo, Jessica -- Jackson, Louise E -- Leemans, Rik -- Lehmann, Johannes -- Milder, Jeffrey C -- Naeem, Shahid -- Nziguheba, Generose -- Palm, Cheryl A -- Pingali, Prabhu L -- Reganold, John P -- Richter, Daniel D -- Scherr, Sara J -- Sircely, Jason -- Sullivan, Clare -- Tomich, Thomas P -- Sanchez, Pedro A -- England -- Nature. 2010 Jul 29;466(7306):558-60. doi: 10.1038/466558a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Earth Institute, Columbia University.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20671691" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Agriculture/*methods/trends ; Conservation of Natural Resources/*trends ; Cost-Benefit Analysis ; *Data Collection ; *Environment ; Food Supply ; Information Dissemination ; International Cooperation
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 10
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    Amazonia through time: Andean uplift, climate change, landscape evolution, and biodiversity (2010)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-11-13
    Description: The Amazonian rainforest is arguably the most species-rich terrestrial ecosystem in the world, yet the timing of the origin and evolutionary causes of this diversity are a matter of debate. We review the geologic and phylogenetic evidence from Amazonia and compare it with uplift records from the Andes. This uplift and its effect on regional climate fundamentally changed the Amazonian landscape by reconfiguring drainage patterns and creating a vast influx of sediments into the basin. On this "Andean" substrate, a region-wide edaphic mosaic developed that became extremely rich in species, particularly in Western Amazonia. We show that Andean uplift was crucial for the evolution of Amazonian landscapes and ecosystems, and that current biodiversity patterns are rooted deep in the pre-Quaternary.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hoorn, C -- Wesselingh, F P -- ter Steege, H -- Bermudez, M A -- Mora, A -- Sevink, J -- Sanmartin, I -- Sanchez-Meseguer, A -- Anderson, C L -- Figueiredo, J P -- Jaramillo, C -- Riff, D -- Negri, F R -- Hooghiemstra, H -- Lundberg, J -- Stadler, T -- Sarkinen, T -- Antonelli, A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Nov 12;330(6006):927-31. doi: 10.1126/science.1194585.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Paleoecology and Landscape Ecology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands. carina.hoorn@milne.cc〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21071659" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biodiversity ; *Climate Change ; Ecosystem ; Fossils ; Geography ; *Geological Phenomena ; Phylogeny ; Rivers ; South America ; Time ; Trees ; Wetlands
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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