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  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (7)
  • Cambridge University Press
  • 2005-2009  (9)
  • 1985-1989
  • 1955-1959
  • 2009  (9)
  • 1
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    Agriculture. Nutrient imbalances in agricultural development (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-06-23
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vitousek, P M -- Naylor, R -- Crews, T -- David, M B -- Drinkwater, L E -- Holland, E -- Johnes, P J -- Katzenberger, J -- Martinelli, L A -- Matson, P A -- Nziguheba, G -- Ojima, D -- Palm, C A -- Robertson, G P -- Sanchez, P A -- Townsend, A R -- Zhang, F S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Jun 19;324(5934):1519-20. doi: 10.1126/science.1170261.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. vitousek@stanford.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19541981" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Agriculture/methods ; China ; Environmental Pollution ; Fertilizers ; Kenya ; Nitrogen ; Phosphorus ; *Soil ; United States ; *Zea mays/growth & development
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Amplified trace gas removal in the troposphere (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-06-06
    Description: The degradation of trace gases and pollutants in the troposphere is dominated by their reaction with hydroxyl radicals (OH). The importance of OH rests on its high reactivity, its ubiquitous photochemical production in the sunlit atmosphere, and most importantly on its regeneration in the oxidation chain of the trace gases. In the current understanding, the recycling of OH proceeds through HO2 reacting with NO, thereby forming ozone. A recent field campaign in the Pearl River Delta, China, quantified tropospheric OH and HO2 concentrations and turnover rates by direct measurements. We report that concentrations of OH were three to five times greater than expected, and we propose the existence of a pathway for the regeneration of OH independent of NO, which amplifies the degradation of pollutants without producing ozone.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hofzumahaus, Andreas -- Rohrer, Franz -- Lu, Keding -- Bohn, Birger -- Brauers, Theo -- Chang, Chih-Chung -- Fuchs, Hendrik -- Holland, Frank -- Kita, Kazuyuki -- Kondo, Yutaka -- Li, Xin -- Lou, Shengrong -- Shao, Min -- Zeng, Limin -- Wahner, Andreas -- Zhang, Yuanhang -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Jun 26;324(5935):1702-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1164566. Epub 2009 Jun 4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Forschungszentrum Julich, Institut fur Chemie und Dynamik der Geosphare-2: Troposphare, 52425 Julich, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19498111" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Oceans. Predicting El Nino's Impacts (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-07-04
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Holland, Greg J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Jul 3;325(5936):47. doi: 10.1126/science.1176515.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR), 1850 Table Mesa Drive, Boulder, CO 80305, USA. gholland@ucar.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19574379" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    Genetic properties of the maize nested association mapping population (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-08-08
    Description: Maize genetic diversity has been used to understand the molecular basis of phenotypic variation and to improve agricultural efficiency and sustainability. We crossed 25 diverse inbred maize lines to the B73 reference line, capturing a total of 136,000 recombination events. Variation for recombination frequencies was observed among families, influenced by local (cis) genetic variation. We identified evidence for numerous minor single-locus effects but little two-locus linkage disequilibrium or segregation distortion, which indicated a limited role for genes with large effects and epistatic interactions on fitness. We observed excess residual heterozygosity in pericentromeric regions, which suggested that selection in inbred lines has been less efficient in these regions because of reduced recombination frequency. This implies that pericentromeric regions may contribute disproportionally to heterosis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McMullen, Michael D -- Kresovich, Stephen -- Villeda, Hector Sanchez -- Bradbury, Peter -- Li, Huihui -- Sun, Qi -- Flint-Garcia, Sherry -- Thornsberry, Jeffry -- Acharya, Charlotte -- Bottoms, Christopher -- Brown, Patrick -- Browne, Chris -- Eller, Magen -- Guill, Kate -- Harjes, Carlos -- Kroon, Dallas -- Lepak, Nick -- Mitchell, Sharon E -- Peterson, Brooke -- Pressoir, Gael -- Romero, Susan -- Oropeza Rosas, Marco -- Salvo, Stella -- Yates, Heather -- Hanson, Mark -- Jones, Elizabeth -- Smith, Stephen -- Glaubitz, Jeffrey C -- Goodman, Major -- Ware, Doreen -- Holland, James B -- Buckler, Edward S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Aug 7;325(5941):737-40. doi: 10.1126/science.1174320.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉United States Department of Agriculture-Agriculture Research Service (USDA-ARS), USA. mcmullenm@missouri.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19661427" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Centromere/genetics ; *Chromosome Mapping ; Chromosomes, Plant/*genetics ; Crosses, Genetic ; Epistasis, Genetic ; Flowers/genetics/growth & development ; *Genetic Variation ; Genome, Plant ; Heterozygote ; Hybrid Vigor ; Inbreeding ; Linkage Disequilibrium ; Phenotype ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Quantitative Trait Loci ; *Quantitative Trait, Heritable ; Recombination, Genetic ; Selection, Genetic ; Zea mays/classification/*genetics/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 5
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    Meteorite Kr in Earth's mantle suggests a late accretionary source for the atmosphere (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-12-17
    Description: Noble gas isotopes are key tracers of both the origin of volatiles found within planets and the processes that control their eventual distribution between planetary interiors and atmospheres. Here, we report the discovery of primordial Kr in samples derived from Earth's mantle and show it to be consistent with a meteorite or fractionated solar nebula source. The high-precision Kr and Xe isotope data together suggest that Earth's interior acquired its volatiles from accretionary material similar to average carbonaceous chondrites and that the noble gases in Earth's atmosphere and oceans are dominantly derived from later volatile capture rather than impact degassing or outgassing of the solid Earth during its main accretionary stage.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Holland, Greg -- Cassidy, Martin -- Ballentine, Chris J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Dec 11;326(5959):1522-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1179518.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Earth, Atmospheric, and Environmental Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK. g.holland@manchester.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20007896" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 6
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    Revealing the history of sheep domestication using retrovirus integrations (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-04-25
    Description: The domestication of livestock represented a crucial step in human history. By using endogenous retroviruses as genetic markers, we found that sheep differentiated on the basis of their "retrotype" and morphological traits dispersed across Eurasia and Africa via separate migratory episodes. Relicts of the first migrations include the Mouflon, as well as breeds previously recognized as "primitive" on the basis of their morphology, such as the Orkney, Soay, and the Nordic short-tailed sheep now confined to the periphery of northwest Europe. A later migratory episode, involving sheep with improved production traits, shaped the great majority of present-day breeds. The ability to differentiate genetically primitive sheep from more modern breeds provides valuable insights into the history of sheep domestication.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3145132/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3145132/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chessa, Bernardo -- Pereira, Filipe -- Arnaud, Frederick -- Amorim, Antonio -- Goyache, Felix -- Mainland, Ingrid -- Kao, Rowland R -- Pemberton, Josephine M -- Beraldi, Dario -- Stear, Michael J -- Alberti, Alberto -- Pittau, Marco -- Iannuzzi, Leopoldo -- Banabazi, Mohammad H -- Kazwala, Rudovick R -- Zhang, Ya-Ping -- Arranz, Juan J -- Ali, Bahy A -- Wang, Zhiliang -- Uzun, Metehan -- Dione, Michel M -- Olsaker, Ingrid -- Holm, Lars-Erik -- Saarma, Urmas -- Ahmad, Sohail -- Marzanov, Nurbiy -- Eythorsdottir, Emma -- Holland, Martin J -- Ajmone-Marsan, Paolo -- Bruford, Michael W -- Kantanen, Juha -- Spencer, Thomas E -- Palmarini, Massimo -- 076522/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 081696/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- BB/F014643/1/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- HD05274/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- R01 HD052745/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Apr 24;324(5926):532-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1170587.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Comparative Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19390051" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animal Husbandry/*history ; Animals ; Dna ; Endogenous Retroviruses/*genetics ; Genetic Markers ; History, Ancient ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Population Dynamics ; Retroviridae/genetics ; *Sheep/classification/genetics/virology ; *Sheep, Domestic/classification/genetics/virology ; Virus Integration
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 7
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    The genetic architecture of maize flowering time (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-08-08
    Description: Flowering time is a complex trait that controls adaptation of plants to their local environment in the outcrossing species Zea mays (maize). We dissected variation for flowering time with a set of 5000 recombinant inbred lines (maize Nested Association Mapping population, NAM). Nearly a million plants were assayed in eight environments but showed no evidence for any single large-effect quantitative trait loci (QTLs). Instead, we identified evidence for numerous small-effect QTLs shared among families; however, allelic effects differ across founder lines. We identified no individual QTLs at which allelic effects are determined by geographic origin or large effects for epistasis or environmental interactions. Thus, a simple additive model accurately predicts flowering time for maize, in contrast to the genetic architecture observed in the selfing plant species rice and Arabidopsis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Buckler, Edward S -- Holland, James B -- Bradbury, Peter J -- Acharya, Charlotte B -- Brown, Patrick J -- Browne, Chris -- Ersoz, Elhan -- Flint-Garcia, Sherry -- Garcia, Arturo -- Glaubitz, Jeffrey C -- Goodman, Major M -- Harjes, Carlos -- Guill, Kate -- Kroon, Dallas E -- Larsson, Sara -- Lepak, Nicholas K -- Li, Huihui -- Mitchell, Sharon E -- Pressoir, Gael -- Peiffer, Jason A -- Rosas, Marco Oropeza -- Rocheford, Torbert R -- Romay, M Cinta -- Romero, Susan -- Salvo, Stella -- Sanchez Villeda, Hector -- da Silva, H Sofia -- Sun, Qi -- Tian, Feng -- Upadyayula, Narasimham -- Ware, Doreen -- Yates, Heather -- Yu, Jianming -- Zhang, Zhiwu -- Kresovich, Stephen -- McMullen, Michael D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Aug 7;325(5941):714-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1174276.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA)-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), USA. esb33@cornell.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19661422" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Chromosome Mapping ; Chromosomes, Plant/genetics ; Epistasis, Genetic ; Flowers/*genetics/growth & development ; Gene Frequency ; Genes, Plant ; Genetic Variation ; Geography ; Inbreeding ; Phenotype ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; *Quantitative Trait Loci ; Quantitative Trait, Heritable ; Recombination, Genetic ; Time Factors ; Zea mays/*genetics/growth & development/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 8
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    Seasonal cycles and long-term trends in abundance and species composition of sharks associated with cage diving ecotourism activities in Hawaii (2009)
    Cambridge University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-06-01
    Description: SUMMARYShark cage diving is both popular and controversial, with proponents citing educational value and non-extractive use of natural resources and opponents raising concerns about public safety and ecological impacts. Logbook data collected 2004–2008 from two Oahu (Hawaii) shark cage diving operations were analysed to determine whether such voluntary records provide useful insights into shark ecology or ecotourism impacts. Operators correctly identified common shark species and documented gross seasonal cycles and long-term trends in abundance of Galapagos (Carcharhinus galapagensis), sandbar (Carcharhinus plumbeus) and tiger sharks (Galeorcerdo cuvier). Annual cycles in shark abundance may indicate seasonal migrations, whereas long-term trends suggest gradual exclusion of smaller sandbar sharks from cage diving sites. Numerically dominant (〉 98%) Galapagos and sandbar sharks are rarely implicated in attacks on humans. Negligible impact on public safety is supported by other factors such as: (1) remoteness of the sites, (2) conditioning stimuli that are specific to the tour operations and different from inshore recreational stimuli and (3) no increase in shark attacks on the north coast of Oahu since cage diving started. Tracking studies are required to validate logbook data and to determine whether sharks associated with offshore cage diving travel into inshore areas used for in-water recreation.
    Print ISSN: 0376-8929
    Electronic ISSN: 1469-4387
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Cambridge University Press
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  • 9
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    Subglacial seismic reflection strategies when source amplitude and medium attenuation are poorly known (2009)
    Cambridge University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-01-01
    Description: Seismic reflection techniques are a powerful way to probe physical properties of subglacial strata. Inversion of seismic data for physical properties may be hampered, however, by lack of knowledge of the source amplitude as well as lack of knowledge of the compressional and shear attenuation in the ice. New methods are described to measure the source signature that require no a priori knowledge of the ice attenuation profile. Another new method is described to obtain the angular dependence of the subglacial bed reflection coefficient that is relatively insensitive to knowledge of the ice attenuation. Finally, a correction is provided to a long-standing error in the literature regarding measurement of the bed normal incidence reflection coefficient.
    Print ISSN: 0022-1430
    Electronic ISSN: 1727-5652
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
    Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of International Glaciological Society.
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