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  • United States  (33)
  • *Biological Evolution
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (44)
  • 2005-2009  (44)
  • 2008  (44)
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  • 2005-2009  (44)
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  • 1
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    The emerging world of wikis (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-06-07
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hu, James C -- Aramayo, Rodolfo -- Bolser, Dan -- Conway, Tyrrell -- Elsik, Christine G -- Gribskov, Michael -- Kelder, Thomas -- Kihara, Daisuke -- Knight, Thomas F Jr -- Pico, Alexander R -- Siegele, Deborah A -- Wanner, Barry L -- Welch, Roy D -- R01 GM058770/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM080223/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- U24 GM077905/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Jun 6;320(5881):1289-90. doi: 10.1126/science.320.5881.1289b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18535227" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Computational Biology ; *Databases, Nucleic Acid ; National Library of Medicine (U.S.) ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Epigenomics: a roadmap, but to where? (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-10-04
    Description: 〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4479142/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4479142/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Madhani, Hiten D -- Francis, Nicole J -- Kingston, Robert E -- Kornberg, Roger D -- Moazed, Danesh -- Narlikar, Geeta J -- Panning, Barbara -- Struhl, Kevin -- R01 GM063671/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Oct 3;322(5898):43-4. doi: 10.1126/science.322.5898.43b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18832628" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Chromatin/*genetics ; *Epigenesis, Genetic ; Gene Regulatory Networks ; *Genomics ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.)/economics ; Research Support as Topic ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
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    Science and government. An Earth systems science agency (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-07-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schaefer, Mark -- Baker, D James -- Gibbons, John H -- Groat, Charles G -- Kennedy, Donald -- Kennel, Charles F -- Rejeski, David -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Jul 4;321(5885):44-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1160192.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18599760" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Atmosphere ; Biodiversity ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; Ecology ; Fresh Water ; Geological Phenomena ; Geology ; Oceanography ; Oceans and Seas ; *Public Policy ; United States ; United States Government Agencies/*organization & administration
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    Avian paternal care had dinosaur origin (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-12-20
    Description: The repeated discovery of adult dinosaurs in close association with egg clutches leads to speculation over the type and extent of care exhibited by these extinct animals for their eggs and young. To assess parental care in Cretaceous troodontid and oviraptorid dinosaurs, we examined clutch volume and the bone histology of brooding adults. In comparison to four archosaur care regressions, the relatively large clutch volumes of Troodon, Oviraptor, and Citipati scale most closely with a bird-paternal care model. Clutch-associated adults lack the maternal and reproductively associated histologic features common to extant archosaurs. Large clutch volumes and a suite of reproductive features shared only with birds favor paternal care, possibly within a polygamous mating system. Paternal care in both troodontids and oviraptorids indicates that this care system evolved before the emergence of birds and represents birds' ancestral condition. In extant birds and over most adult sizes, paternal and biparental care correspond to the largest and smallest relative clutch volumes, respectively.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Varricchio, David J -- Moore, Jason R -- Erickson, Gregory M -- Norell, Mark A -- Jackson, Frankie D -- Borkowski, John J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Dec 19;322(5909):1826-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1163245.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Earth Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA. djv@montana.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19095938" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Behavior, Animal ; *Biological Evolution ; *Birds/physiology ; Bone and Bones/anatomy & histology ; Clutch Size ; *Dinosaurs/physiology ; Female ; *Fossils ; Male ; Maternal Behavior ; *Nesting Behavior ; Paternal Behavior ; Regression Analysis ; *Sexual Behavior, Animal
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    A mosaic of chemical coevolution in a large blue butterfly (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-01-05
    Description: Mechanisms of recognition are essential to the evolution of mutualistic and parasitic interactions between species. One such example is the larval mimicry that Maculinea butterfly caterpillars use to parasitize Myrmica ant colonies. We found that the greater the match between the surface chemistry of Maculinea alcon and two of its host Myrmica species, the more easily ant colonies were exploited. The geographic patterns of surface chemistry indicate an ongoing coevolutionary arms race between the butterflies and Myrmica rubra, which has significant genetic differentiation between populations, but not between the butterflies and a second, sympatric host, Myrmica ruginodis, which has panmictic populations. Alternative hosts may therefore provide an evolutionary refuge for a parasite during periods of counteradaptation by their preferred hosts.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nash, David R -- Als, Thomas D -- Maile, Roland -- Jones, Graeme R -- Boomsma, Jacobus J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Jan 4;319(5859):88-90. doi: 10.1126/science.1149180.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. DRNash@bi.ku.dk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18174441" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Biological ; Animals ; Ants/chemistry/*physiology ; *Biological Evolution ; Butterflies/chemistry/genetics/growth & development/*physiology ; Hydrocarbons/*chemistry ; Larva/chemistry/physiology ; Microsatellite Repeats ; Molecular Mimicry
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
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    Convergence of Campylobacter species: implications for bacterial evolution (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-04-12
    Description: The nature of species boundaries in bacteria remains controversial. In particular, the mechanisms of bacterial speciation and maintenance in the face of frequent genetic exchange are poorly understood. Here, we report patterns of genetic exchange that show two closely related zoonotic pathogenic species, Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli, are converging as a consequence of recent changes in gene flow. Population expansion into a novel ecological niche generated by human activity is the most probable explanation for the increase in genetic exchange between these species. Bacterial speciation can therefore occur by mechanisms analogous to those seen in metazoans, where genetic diversification and incipient speciation caused by ecological factors have been reported in several genera.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sheppard, Samuel K -- McCarthy, Noel D -- Falush, Daniel -- Maiden, Martin C J -- 047072/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Apr 11;320(5873):237-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1155532.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Departments of Zoology and Statistics, University of Oxford, Peter Medawar Building, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3SY, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18403712" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Agriculture ; Alleles ; Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Campylobacter coli/classification/*genetics/isolation & purification ; Campylobacter jejuni/classification/*genetics/isolation & purification ; Cluster Analysis ; Gene Flow ; Genes, Bacterial ; *Genetic Speciation ; Genetic Variation ; Haplotypes ; Humans ; *Hybridization, Genetic ; Intestines/microbiology ; Recombination, Genetic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
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    Research funding. Politics and funding in the U.S. public biomedical R&D system (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-12-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hegde, Deepak -- Mowery, David C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Dec 19;322(5909):1797-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1158562.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Walter A. Haas School of Business, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. hegde@haas.berkeley.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19095928" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Academies and Institutes/economics ; Biomedical Research/*economics/legislation & jurisprudence ; Budgets ; Financing, Government ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.)/*economics ; Peer Review, Research ; *Politics ; *Research Support as Topic/legislation & jurisprudence ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
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    Selfish genetic elements promote polyandry in a fly (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-11-22
    Description: It is unknown why females mate with multiple males when mating is frequently costly and a single copulation often provides enough sperm to fertilize all a female's eggs. One possibility is that remating increases the fitness of offspring, because fertilization success is biased toward the sperm of high-fitness males. We show that female Drosophila pseudoobscura evolved increased remating rates when exposed to the risk of mating with males carrying a deleterious sex ratio-distorting gene that also reduces sperm competitive ability. Because selfish genetic elements that reduce sperm competitive ability are generally associated with low genetic fitness, they may represent a common driver of the evolution of polyandry.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Price, T A R -- Hodgson, D J -- Lewis, Z -- Hurst, G D D -- Wedell, N -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Nov 21;322(5905):1241-3. doi: 10.1126/science.1163766.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Biosciences, University of Exeter, Cornwall Campus, Penryn TR10 9EZ, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19023079" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Drosophila ; Female ; Male ; *Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; *Sexual Behavior, Animal ; Sperm Count
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
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    HIV vaccine research: the way forward (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-07-26
    Description: The need to broaden research directed at answering fundamental questions in HIV vaccine discovery through laboratory, nonhuman primate (NHP), and clinical research has recently been emphasized. In addition, the importance of attracting and retaining young researchers, developing better NHP models, and more closely linking NHP and clinical research is being stressed. In an era of a level budget for biomedical research at the U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH), HIV/AIDS vaccine research efforts will need to be carefully prioritized such that resources to energize HIV vaccine discovery can be identified. This article summarizes progress and challenges in HIV vaccine research, the priorities arising from a recent summit at NIAID, and the actions needed, some already under way, to address those priorities.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fauci, Anthony S -- Johnston, Margaret I -- Dieffenbach, Carl W -- Burton, Dennis R -- Hammer, Scott M -- Hoxie, James A -- Martin, Malcolm -- Overbaugh, Julie -- Watkins, David I -- Mahmoud, Adel -- Greene, Warner C -- Intramural NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Jul 25;321(5888):530-2. doi: 10.1126/science.1161000.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 31 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. afauci@niaid.nih.gov〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18653883" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *AIDS Vaccines/economics/immunology ; Animals ; *Biomedical Research/economics ; Controlled Clinical Trials as Topic ; Disease Models, Animal ; Financing, Government ; HIV/immunology/physiology ; HIV Antibodies/immunology ; HIV Infections/immunology/*prevention & control/virology ; Humans ; Male ; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (U.S.)/economics ; Primates ; Research Support as Topic ; T-Lymphocytes/immunology ; United States ; Virus Replication
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
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    Evolution of mammals and their gut microbes (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-05-24
    Description: Mammals are metagenomic in that they are composed of not only their own gene complements but also those of all of their associated microbes. To understand the coevolution of the mammals and their indigenous microbial communities, we conducted a network-based analysis of bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequences from the fecal microbiota of humans and 59 other mammalian species living in two zoos and in the wild. The results indicate that host diet and phylogeny both influence bacterial diversity, which increases from carnivory to omnivory to herbivory; that bacterial communities codiversified with their hosts; and that the gut microbiota of humans living a modern life-style is typical of omnivorous primates.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2649005/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2649005/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ley, Ruth E -- Hamady, Micah -- Lozupone, Catherine -- Turnbaugh, Peter J -- Ramey, Rob Roy -- Bircher, J Stephen -- Schlegel, Michael L -- Tucker, Tammy A -- Schrenzel, Mark D -- Knight, Rob -- Gordon, Jeffrey I -- DK30292/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- DK70977/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- DK78669/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- P01 DK078669/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- P01 DK078669-02/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK030292/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK030292-24/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK070977/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK070977-04/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- T32 GM065103/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- T32 GM065103-07/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- T32GM065103/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Jun 20;320(5883):1647-51. doi: 10.1126/science.1155725. Epub 2008 May 22.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Genome Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18497261" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Physiological ; Animals ; Animals, Wild/classification/genetics/microbiology ; Animals, Zoo/classification/genetics/microbiology ; Bacteria/*classification/genetics/isolation & purification ; *Bacterial Physiological Phenomena ; *Biological Evolution ; Carnivora/classification/genetics/microbiology ; *Diet ; Feces/microbiology ; Gastrointestinal Tract/*microbiology ; Genes, rRNA ; Humans ; Mammals/classification/genetics/*microbiology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; *Phylogeny ; Primates/classification/genetics/microbiology ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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