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  • *Ecosystem  (17)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (17)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science
  • 2020-2023
  • 2005-2009  (17)
  • 1955-1959
  • 2006  (17)
Collection
Keywords
Publisher
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (17)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science
Years
  • 2020-2023
  • 2005-2009  (17)
  • 1955-1959
Year
  • 1
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    Impacts of biodiversity loss on ocean ecosystem services (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-11-04
    Description: Human-dominated marine ecosystems are experiencing accelerating loss of populations and species, with largely unknown consequences. We analyzed local experiments, long-term regional time series, and global fisheries data to test how biodiversity loss affects marine ecosystem services across temporal and spatial scales. Overall, rates of resource collapse increased and recovery potential, stability, and water quality decreased exponentially with declining diversity. Restoration of biodiversity, in contrast, increased productivity fourfold and decreased variability by 21%, on average. We conclude that marine biodiversity loss is increasingly impairing the ocean's capacity to provide food, maintain water quality, and recover from perturbations. Yet available data suggest that at this point, these trends are still reversible.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Worm, Boris -- Barbier, Edward B -- Beaumont, Nicola -- Duffy, J Emmett -- Folke, Carl -- Halpern, Benjamin S -- Jackson, Jeremy B C -- Lotze, Heike K -- Micheli, Fiorenza -- Palumbi, Stephen R -- Sala, Enric -- Selkoe, Kimberley A -- Stachowicz, John J -- Watson, Reg -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Nov 3;314(5800):787-90.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada B3H 4J1. bworm@dal.ca〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17082450" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biodiversity ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; Databases, Factual ; *Ecosystem ; Eukaryota ; *Fisheries ; *Fishes ; Forecasting ; Invertebrates ; Oceans and Seas ; Plants ; Population Dynamics ; Seafood ; Seawater ; Water Pollution
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Sustainability. Resolving mismatches in U.S. ocean governance (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-08-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Crowder, L B -- Osherenko, G -- Young, O R -- Airame, S -- Norse, E A -- Baron, N -- Day, J C -- Douvere, F -- Ehler, C N -- Halpern, B S -- Langdon, S J -- McLeod, K L -- Ogden, J C -- Peach, R E -- Rosenberg, A A -- Wilson, J A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Aug 4;313(5787):617-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Marine Conservation, Nicholas School of the Environment and Earth Sciences, Duke University Marine Laboratory, Beaufort, NC 28516, USA. lcrowder@duke.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16888124" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biodiversity ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; Fisheries ; Fishes ; *Government Regulation ; *Marine Biology ; Oceans and Seas ; Population Dynamics ; Seawater ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Ecology. A starving majority deep beneath the seafloor (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-11-11
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jorgensen, Bo Barker -- D'Hondt, Steven -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Nov 10;314(5801):932-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, 28359 Bremen, Germany. bjoergen@mpi-bremen.de〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17095684" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Archaea/genetics/growth & development/isolation & purification/*metabolism ; Bacteria/genetics/growth & development/isolation & purification/*metabolism ; Biomass ; Colony Count, Microbial ; *Ecosystem ; *Energy Metabolism ; Geologic Sediments/*microbiology ; Hydrogen/*metabolism ; Oceans and Seas ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Oxygen/metabolism ; Photosynthesis ; Radioisotopes/*metabolism ; Sulfates/metabolism ; Water/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    Depletion, degradation, and recovery potential of estuaries and coastal seas (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-06-24
    Description: Estuarine and coastal transformation is as old as civilization yet has dramatically accelerated over the past 150 to 300 years. Reconstructed time lines, causes, and consequences of change in 12 once diverse and productive estuaries and coastal seas worldwide show similar patterns: Human impacts have depleted 〉90% of formerly important species, destroyed 〉65% of seagrass and wetland habitat, degraded water quality, and accelerated species invasions. Twentieth-century conservation efforts achieved partial recovery of upper trophic levels but have so far failed to restore former ecosystem structure and function. Our results provide detailed historical baselines and quantitative targets for ecosystem-based management and marine conservation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lotze, Heike K -- Lenihan, Hunter S -- Bourque, Bruce J -- Bradbury, Roger H -- Cooke, Richard G -- Kay, Matthew C -- Kidwell, Susan M -- Kirby, Michael X -- Peterson, Charles H -- Jackson, Jeremy B C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jun 23;312(5781):1806-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Biology Department, Dalhousie University, 1355 Oxford Street, Halifax, NS, Canada B3H 4J1. hlotze@dal.ca〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16794081" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biodiversity ; Conservation of Natural Resources/*history ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; Eutrophication ; Geography ; History, 18th Century ; History, 19th Century ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; History, Ancient ; History, Medieval ; Human Activities/history ; Humans ; *Invertebrates ; Plants ; Population Density ; Population Dynamics ; *Seawater ; *Vertebrates ; *Water ; Water Pollution
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 5
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    Strong top-down control in southern California kelp forest ecosystems (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-05-27
    Description: Global-scale changes in anthropogenic nutrient input into marine ecosystems via terrestrial runoff, coupled with widespread predator removal via fishing, have created greater urgency for understanding the relative role of top-down versus bottom-up control of food web dynamics. Yet recent large-scale studies of community regulation in marine ecosystems have shown dramatically different results that leave this issue largely unresolved. We combined a multiyear, large-scale data set of species abundances for 46 species in kelp forests from the California Channel Islands with satellite-derived primary production and found that top-down control explains 7- to 10-fold more of the variance in abundance of bottom and mid-trophic levels than does bottom-up control. This top-down control was propagated via a variety of species-level direct and indirect responses to predator abundance. Management of top-down influences such as fishing may be more important in coastal marine ecosystems, particularly in kelp forest systems, than is commonly thought.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Halpern, Benjamin S -- Cottenie, Karl -- Broitman, Bernardo R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 May 26;312(5777):1230-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, 735 State Street, Santa Barbara, CA 93101, USA. halpern@nceas.ucsb.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16728644" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; California ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; Eukaryota ; Fishes ; Food Chain ; Geography ; Invertebrates ; *Kelp ; Pacific Ocean ; Population Density ; Predatory Behavior ; *Seawater
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
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    Ecology. Globalization, roving bandits, and marine resources (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-03-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Berkes, F -- Hughes, T P -- Steneck, R S -- Wilson, J A -- Bellwood, D R -- Crona, B -- Folke, C -- Gunderson, L H -- Leslie, H M -- Norberg, J -- Nystrom, M -- Olsson, P -- Osterblom, H -- Scheffer, M -- Worm, B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Mar 17;311(5767):1557-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Natural Resources Institute, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada. berkes@cc.umanitoba.ca〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16543444" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biodiversity ; *Commerce ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; *Fisheries ; Food Chain ; *Internationality ; Public Policy ; Sea Urchins ; *Seawater
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
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    Loss of a harvested fish species disrupts carbon flow in a diverse tropical river (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-08-12
    Description: Harvesting threatens many vertebrate species, yet few whole-system manipulations have been conducted to predict the consequences of vertebrate losses on ecosystem function. Here, we show that a harvested migratory detrital-feeding fish (Prochilodontidae: Prochilodus mariae) modulates carbon flow and ecosystem metabolism. Natural declines in and experimental removal of Prochilodus decreased downstream transport of organic carbon and increased primary production and respiration. Thus, besides its economic value, Prochilodus is a critical ecological component of South American rivers. Lack of functional redundancy for this species highlights the importance of individual species and, contrary to theory, suggests that losing one species from lower trophic levels can affect ecosystem functioning even in species-rich ecosystems.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Taylor, Brad W -- Flecker, Alexander S -- Hall, Robert O Jr -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Aug 11;313(5788):833-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Zoology and Physiology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA. brad.taylor@dartmouth.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16902137" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animal Migration ; Animals ; Biofilms ; Biomass ; Body Size ; Carbon/*metabolism ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Feeding Behavior ; *Fisheries ; Fishes/anatomy & histology/*physiology ; Food Chain ; Population Dynamics ; *Rivers ; Seasons ; South America ; Tropical Climate
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
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    Planktonic foraminifera of the California Current reflect 20th-century warming (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-10
    Description: It is currently unclear whether observed pelagic ecosystem responses to ocean warming, such as a mid-1970s change in the eastern North Pacific, depart from typical ocean variability. We report variations in planktonic foraminifera from varved sediments off southern California spanning the past 1400 years. Increasing abundances of tropical/subtropical species throughout the 20th century reflect a warming trend superimposed on decadal-scale fluctuations. Decreasing abundances of temperate/subpolar species in the late 20th century indicate a deep, penetrative warming not observed in previous centuries. These results imply that 20th-century warming, apparently anthropogenic, has already affected lower trophic levels of the California Current.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Field, David B -- Baumgartner, Timothy R -- Charles, Christopher D -- Ferreira-Bartrina, Vicente -- Ohman, Mark D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jan 6;311(5757):63-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA. dfield@mbari.org〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16400144" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; California ; *Climate ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; *Eukaryota/classification ; *Geologic Sediments ; Greenhouse Effect ; Population Density ; Population Dynamics ; Principal Component Analysis ; Seasons ; Temperature ; Time Factors ; *Zooplankton/classification
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
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    Genomic islands and the ecology and evolution of Prochlorococcus (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-03-25
    Description: Prochlorococcus ecotypes are a useful system for exploring the origin and function of diversity among closely related microbes. The genetic variability between phenotypically distinct strains that differ by less that 1% in 16S ribosomal RNA sequences occurs mostly in genomic islands. Island genes appear to have been acquired in part by phage-mediated lateral gene transfer, and some are differentially expressed under light and nutrient stress. Furthermore, genome fragments directly recovered from ocean ecosystems indicate that these islands are variable among cooccurring Prochlorococcus cells. Genomic islands in this free-living photoautotroph share features with pathogenicity islands of parasitic bacteria, suggesting a general mechanism for niche differentiation in microbial species.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Coleman, Maureen L -- Sullivan, Matthew B -- Martiny, Adam C -- Steglich, Claudia -- Barry, Kerrie -- Delong, Edward F -- Chisholm, Sallie W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Mar 24;311(5768):1768-70.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 15 Vassar Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16556843" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Physiological ; Atlantic Ocean ; Bacteriophages/*genetics/physiology ; *Biological Evolution ; *Ecosystem ; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial ; Gene Transfer, Horizontal ; Genes, Bacterial ; Genome, Bacterial ; *Genomic Islands ; Light ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Pacific Ocean ; Phylogeny ; Prochlorococcus/classification/*genetics/isolation & purification/*physiology ; Seawater/*microbiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
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    Fishing, trophic cascades, and the process of grazing on coral reefs (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-10
    Description: Since the mass mortality of the urchin Diadema antillarum in 1983, parrotfishes have become the dominant grazer on Caribbean reefs. The grazing capacity of these fishes could be impaired if marine reserves achieve their long-term goal of restoring large consumers, several of which prey on parrotfishes. Here we compare the negative impacts of enhanced predation with the positive impacts of reduced fishing mortality on parrotfishes inside reserves. Because large-bodied parrotfishes escape the risk of predation from a large piscivore (the Nassau grouper), the predation effect reduced grazing by only 4 to 8%. This impact was overwhelmed by the increase in density of large parrotfishes, resulting in a net doubling of grazing. Increased grazing caused a fourfold reduction in the cover of macroalgae, which, because they are the principal competitors of corals, highlights the potential importance of reserves for coral reef resilience.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mumby, Peter J -- Dahlgren, Craig P -- Harborne, Alastair R -- Kappel, Carrie V -- Micheli, Fiorenza -- Brumbaugh, Daniel R -- Holmes, Katherine E -- Mendes, Judith M -- Broad, Kenneth -- Sanchirico, James N -- Buch, Kevin -- Box, Steve -- Stoffle, Richard W -- Gill, Andrew B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jan 6;311(5757):98-101.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Marine Spatial Ecology Lab, School of BioSciences, University of Exeter, Prince of Wales Road, Exeter EX4 4PS, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16400152" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Anthozoa/growth & development ; Bahamas ; Biomass ; Body Size ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Fisheries ; *Fishes ; *Perciformes/anatomy & histology ; Population Density ; Population Dynamics ; Predatory Behavior
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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