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  • *Ecosystem  (20)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (20)
  • Springer
  • 2005-2009  (20)
  • 1985-1989
  • 1960-1964
  • 2005  (20)
Collection
Keywords
Publisher
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (20)
  • Springer
Years
  • 2005-2009  (20)
  • 1985-1989
  • 1960-1964
Year
  • 1
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    Arctic seabirds transport marine-derived contaminants (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-07-16
    Description: Long-range atmospheric transport of pollutants is generally assumed to be the main vector for arctic contamination, because local pollution sources are rare. We show that arctic seabirds, which occupy high trophic levels in marine food webs, are the dominant vectors for the transport of marine-derived contaminants to coastal ponds. The sediments of ponds most affected by seabirds had 60 times higher DDT, 25 times higher mercury, and 10 times higher hexachlorobenzene concentrations than nearby control sites. Bird guano greatly stimulates biological productivity in these extreme environments but also serves as a major source of industrial and agricultural pollutants in these remote ecosystems.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Blais, Jules M -- Kimpe, Lynda E -- McMahon, Dominique -- Keatley, Bronwyn E -- Mallory, Mark L -- Douglas, Marianne S V -- Smol, John P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Jul 15;309(5733):445.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Centre for Advanced Research in Environmental Genomics, Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 6N5 Canada. jblais@science.uottawa.ca〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16020729" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Arctic Regions ; *Birds/physiology ; DDT/analysis ; *Ecosystem ; Environmental Pollutants/*analysis ; Feeding Behavior ; Fresh Water/*chemistry ; Geologic Sediments/*chemistry ; Hexachlorobenzene/analysis ; Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated/analysis ; Mercury/analysis ; Nitrogen Isotopes/analysis ; Population Dynamics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Ecology. Synthesizing U.S. river restoration efforts (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-04-30
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bernhardt, E S -- Palmer, M A -- Allan, J D -- Alexander, G -- Barnas, K -- Brooks, S -- Carr, J -- Clayton, S -- Dahm, C -- Follstad-Shah, J -- Galat, D -- Gloss, S -- Goodwin, P -- Hart, D -- Hassett, B -- Jenkinson, R -- Katz, S -- Kondolf, G M -- Lake, P S -- Lave, R -- Meyer, J L -- O'donnell, T K -- Pagano, L -- Powell, B -- Sudduth, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Apr 29;308(5722):636-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15860611" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Conservation of Natural Resources/economics ; Costs and Cost Analysis ; *Databases, Factual ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; Fishes ; *Rivers ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Genotypic diversity within a natural coastal bacterioplankton population (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-02-26
    Description: The genomic diversity and relative importance of distinct genotypes within natural bacterial populations have remained largely unknown. Here, we analyze the diversity and annual dynamics of a group of coastal bacterioplankton (greater than 99% 16S ribosomal RNA identity to Vibrio splendidus). We show that this group consists of at least a thousand distinct genotypes, each occurring at extremely low environmental concentrations (on average less than one cell per milliliter). Overall, the genomes show extensive allelic diversity and size variation. Individual genotypes rarely recurred in samples, and allelic distribution did not show spatial or temporal substructure. Ecological considerations suggest that much genotypic and possibly phenotypic variation within natural populations should be considered neutral.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Thompson, Janelle R -- Pacocha, Sarah -- Pharino, Chanathip -- Klepac-Ceraj, Vanja -- Hunt, Dana E -- Benoit, Jennifer -- Sarma-Rupavtarm, Ramahi -- Distel, Daniel L -- Polz, Martin F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Feb 25;307(5713):1311-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15731455" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Chaperonin 60/genetics ; *Ecosystem ; Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field ; *Genetic Variation ; Genome, Bacterial ; Genotype ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Plankton/classification/*genetics/growth & development/isolation & purification ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Ribotyping ; Seawater/*microbiology ; Time Factors ; Vibrio/classification/*genetics/isolation & purification
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    Soil invertebrates disrupt carbon flow through fungal networks (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-08-16
    Description: Annual carbon flux through soil respiration is ten times greater than fossil fuel combustion, but its component parts are poorly understood because they are the product of complex multitrophic interactions between soil organisms. A major component of carbon flux from plants to soil occurs through networks of symbiotic arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Here, using 13CO2 pulse labeling, we show that natural densities of the numerically dominant fungal feeding invertebrate Protaphorura armata (order Collembola) reduces 13C enrichment of mycorrhizosphere respiration by 32%. Our findings emphasize the importance of multitrophic interactions in regulating respiration of recent plant photosynthate from soil.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Johnson, David -- Krsek, Martin -- Wellington, Elizabeth M H -- Stott, Andrew W -- Cole, Lisa -- Bardgett, Richard D -- Read, David J -- Leake, Jonathan R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Aug 12;309(5737):1047.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 3UU, UK. D.Johnson@abdn.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16099977" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Arthropods/*physiology ; Carbon Dioxide/*metabolism ; Carbon Isotopes ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; Fatty Acids/analysis ; Feeding Behavior ; Food Chain ; Mycorrhizae/metabolism/*physiology ; Oxygen Consumption ; Phospholipids/analysis ; Plant Roots/microbiology ; Scotland ; *Soil/analysis ; *Soil Microbiology ; Symbiosis
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    Abrupt and gradual extinction among Late Permian land vertebrates in the Karoo basin, South Africa (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-01-22
    Description: The Karoo basin of South Africa exposes a succession of Upper Permian to Lower Triassic terrestrial strata containing abundant terrestrial vertebrate fossils. Paleomagnetic/magnetostratigraphic and carbon-isotope data allow sections to be correlated across the basin. With this stratigraphy, the vertebrate fossil data show a gradual extinction in the Upper Permian punctuated by an enhanced extinction pulse at the Permian-Triassic boundary interval, particularly among the dicynodont therapsids, coinciding with negative carbon-isotope anomalies.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ward, Peter D -- Botha, Jennifer -- Buick, Roger -- De Kock, Michiel O -- Erwin, Douglas H -- Garrison, Geoffrey H -- Kirschvink, Joseph L -- Smith, Roger -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Feb 4;307(5710):709-14. Epub 2005 Jan 20.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA. argo@u.washington.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15661973" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biodiversity ; Carbon Isotopes/analysis ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; *Fossils ; Geologic Sediments ; Magnetics ; Plants ; South Africa ; Time ; *Vertebrates
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
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    A serpentinite-hosted ecosystem: the Lost City hydrothermal field (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-03-05
    Description: The serpentinite-hosted Lost City hydrothermal field is a remarkable submarine ecosystem in which geological, chemical, and biological processes are intimately interlinked. Reactions between seawater and upper mantle peridotite produce methane- and hydrogen-rich fluids, with temperatures ranging from 〈40 degrees to 90 degrees C at pH 9 to 11, and carbonate chimneys 30 to 60 meters tall. A low diversity of microorganisms related to methane-cycling Archaea thrive in the warm porous interiors of the edifices. Macrofaunal communities show a degree of species diversity at least as high as that of black smoker vent sites along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, but they lack the high biomasses of chemosynthetic organisms that are typical of volcanically driven systems.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kelley, Deborah S -- Karson, Jeffrey A -- Fruh-Green, Gretchen L -- Yoerger, Dana R -- Shank, Timothy M -- Butterfield, David A -- Hayes, John M -- Schrenk, Matthew O -- Olson, Eric J -- Proskurowski, Giora -- Jakuba, Mike -- Bradley, Al -- Larson, Ben -- Ludwig, Kristin -- Glickson, Deborah -- Buckman, Kate -- Bradley, Alexander S -- Brazelton, William J -- Roe, Kevin -- Elend, Mitch J -- Delacour, Adelie -- Bernasconi, Stefano M -- Lilley, Marvin D -- Baross, John A -- Summons, Roger E -- Sylva, Sean P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Mar 4;307(5714):1428-34.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Oceanography, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA. kelley@ocean.washington.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15746419" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Archaea/classification/*growth & development/isolation & purification/metabolism ; Bacteria/classification/*growth & development/isolation & purification/metabolism ; Biodiversity ; Biomass ; *Carbonates ; Colony Count, Microbial ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; Fishes ; *Geologic Sediments/chemistry/microbiology ; Hot Temperature ; Hydrogen/analysis/metabolism ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; *Invertebrates ; Lipids/analysis ; Methane/analysis/metabolism ; Phylogeny ; *Seawater
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
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    Transient floral change and rapid global warming at the Paleocene-Eocene boundary (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-15
    Description: Rapid global warming of 5 degrees to 10 degrees C during the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM) coincided with major turnover in vertebrate faunas, but previous studies have found little floral change. Plant fossils discovered in Wyoming, United States, show that PETM floras were a mixture of native and migrant lineages and that plant range shifts were large and rapid (occurring within 10,000 years). Floral composition and leaf shape and size suggest that climate warmed by approximately 5 degrees C during the PETM and that precipitation was low early in the event and increased later. Floral response to warming and/or increased atmospheric CO2 during the PETM was comparable in rate and magnitude to that seen in postglacial floras and to the predicted effects of anthropogenic carbon release and climate change on future vegetation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wing, Scott L -- Harrington, Guy J -- Smith, Francesca A -- Bloch, Jonathan I -- Boyer, Douglas M -- Freeman, Katherine H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Nov 11;310(5750):993-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Paleobiology, Smithsonian Museum of Natural History, 10th Street and Constitution Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20560, USA. wings@si.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16284173" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biodiversity ; Carbon Isotopes/analysis ; *Climate ; *Ecosystem ; *Fossils ; Geologic Sediments ; *Greenhouse Effect ; Oxygen Isotopes/analysis ; Plant Development ; Plant Leaves/anatomy & histology ; *Plants/anatomy & histology/classification ; Rain ; Temperature ; Time Factors ; Wyoming
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
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    Biomarker evidence for photosynthesis during neoproterozoic glaciation (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-10-01
    Description: Laterally extensive black shales were deposited on the Sao Francisco craton in southeastern Brazil during low-latitude Neoproterozoic glaciation approximately 740 to 700 million years ago. These rocks contain up to 3.0 weight % organic carbon, which we interpret as representing the preserved record of abundant marine primary productivity from glacial times. Extractable biomarkers reflect a complex and productive microbial ecosystem, including both phototrophic bacteria and eukaryotes, living in a stratified ocean with thin or absent sea ice, oxic surface waters, and euxinic conditions within the photic zone. Such an environment provides important constraints for parts of the "Snowball Earth" hypothesis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Olcott, Alison N -- Sessions, Alex L -- Corsetti, Frank A -- Kaufman, Alan J -- de Oliviera, Tolentino Flavio -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Oct 21;310(5747):471-4. Epub 2005 Sep 29.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Earth Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA. olcott@usc.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16195425" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bacterial Physiological Phenomena ; Biomarkers/analysis ; Brazil ; Carbon/*analysis ; Carbon Isotopes/analysis ; Carbonates/analysis ; Cyanobacteria/physiology ; *Ecosystem ; Geologic Sediments/*chemistry ; *Ice Cover ; Organic Chemicals/*analysis ; *Photosynthesis ; Seawater/*microbiology ; Sunlight
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
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    Ecology. Do the largest protected areas conserve whales or whalers? (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-02-01
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gerber, Leah R -- Hyrenbach, K David -- Zacharias, Mark A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Jan 28;307(5709):525-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Faculty of Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-4501, USA. Leah.Gerber@asu.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15681370" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animal Migration ; Animals ; Biodiversity ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; Models, Biological ; Oceans and Seas ; Population Density ; Population Growth ; *Public Policy ; *Whales
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
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    Reassessing U.S. coral reefs (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-06-21
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kruczynski, William L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Jun 17;308(5729):1740-2; author reply 1740-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15966075" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Anthozoa ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Florida ; Sewage ; Water Pollution/prevention & control
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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