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  • Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration  (169)
  • Signal Transduction  (28)
  • ASTROPHYSICS
  • LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
  • Life and Medical Sciences
  • Polymer and Materials Science
  • 2000-2004  (197)
  • 2004  (197)
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  • 2000-2004  (197)
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  • 1
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    Initial results from the Mini-TES experiment in Gusev Crater from the Spirit Rover (2004)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-06-11
    Description: The Miniature Thermal Emission Spectrometer (Mini-TES) on Spirit has studied the mineralogy and thermophysical properties at Gusev crater. Undisturbed soil spectra show evidence for minor carbonates and bound water. Rocks are olivinerich basalts with varying degrees of dust and other coatings. Dark-toned soils observed on disturbed surfaces may be derived from rocks and have derived mineralogy (+/-5 to 10%) of 45% pyroxene (20% Ca-rich pyroxene and 25% pigeonite), 40% sodic to intermediate plagioclase, and 15% olivine (forsterite 45% +/-5 to 10). Two spectrally distinct coatings are observed on rocks, a possible indicator of the interaction of water, rock, and airfall dust. Diurnal temperature data indicate particle sizes from 40 to 80 microm in hollows to approximately 0.5 to 3 mm in soils.
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: Science (ISSN 0036-8075); Volume 305; 5685; 837-42
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 2
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    Derivatives of erythropoietin that are tissue protective but not erythropoietic (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-07-13
    Description: Erythropoietin (EPO) is both hematopoietic and tissue protective, putatively through interaction with different receptors. We generated receptor subtype-selective ligands allowing the separation of EPO's bioactivities at the cellular level and in animals. Carbamylated EPO (CEPO) or certain EPO mutants did not bind to the classical EPO receptor (EPOR) and did not show any hematopoietic activity in human cell signaling assays or upon chronic dosing in different animal species. Nevertheless, CEPO and various nonhematopoietic mutants were cytoprotective in vitro and conferred neuroprotection against stroke, spinal cord compression, diabetic neuropathy, and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis at a potency and efficacy comparable to EPO.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Leist, Marcel -- Ghezzi, Pietro -- Grasso, Giovanni -- Bianchi, Roberto -- Villa, Pia -- Fratelli, Maddalena -- Savino, Costanza -- Bianchi, Marina -- Nielsen, Jacob -- Gerwien, Jens -- Kallunki, Pekka -- Larsen, Anna Kirstine -- Helboe, Lone -- Christensen, Soren -- Pedersen, Lars O -- Nielsen, Mette -- Torup, Lars -- Sager, Thomas -- Sfacteria, Alessandra -- Erbayraktar, Serhat -- Erbayraktar, Zubeyde -- Gokmen, Necati -- Yilmaz, Osman -- Cerami-Hand, Carla -- Xie, Qiao-Wen -- Coleman, Thomas -- Cerami, Anthony -- Brines, Michael -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jul 9;305(5681):239-42.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉H. Lundbeck A/S, 2500 Valby, Denmark.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15247477" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Apoptosis ; Binding Sites ; Cells, Cultured ; Diabetic Neuropathies/drug therapy ; Drug Design ; Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/drug therapy ; Erythropoiesis ; Erythropoietin/*analogs & ; derivatives/chemistry/genetics/metabolism/pharmacology/*therapeutic use ; Female ; Hematocrit ; Humans ; Ligands ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C3H ; Mutagenesis ; Nervous System Diseases/*drug therapy ; Neurons/metabolism ; Neuroprotective Agents/chemistry/metabolism/pharmacology/*therapeutic use ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptors, Erythropoietin/metabolism ; Recombinant Proteins ; Signal Transduction ; Spinal Cord Compression/drug therapy ; Stroke/drug therapy ; Structure-Activity Relationship
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Jupiter's atmospheric composition from the Cassini thermal infrared spectroscopy experiment (2004)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: The Composite Infrared Spectrometer observed Jupiter in the thermal infrared during the swing-by of the Cassini spacecraft. Results include the detection of two new stratospheric species, the methyl radical and diacetylene, gaseous species present in the north and south auroral infrared hot spots; determination of the variations with latitude of acetylene and ethane, the latter a tracer of atmospheric motion; observations of unexpected spatial distributions of carbon dioxide and hydrogen cyanide, both considered to be products of comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 impacts; characterization of the morphology of the auroral infrared hot spot acetylene emission; and a new evaluation of the energetics of the northern auroral infrared hot spot.
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: Science (ISSN 0036-8075); Volume 305; 5690; 1582-6
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  • 4
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    Surface Penetrating Radar Simulations for Europa (2004)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-10-05
    Description: The space environment above the icy surface of Europa is a source of radio noise in this frequency range from natural sources in the Jovian magnetosphere. The ionospheric and magnetospheric plasma environment of Europa affects propagation of transmitted and return signals between the spacecraft and the solid surface in a frequency-dependent manner. The ultimate resolution of the subsurface sounding measurements will be determined, in part, by a capability to mitigate these effects. We discuss an integrated multi-frequency approach to active radio sounding of the Europa ionospheric and local magnetospheric environments, based on operational experience from the Radio Plasma Imaging @PI) experiment on the IMAGE spacecraft in Earth orbit, in support of the subsurface measurement objectives.
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: Workshop on Europa's Icy Shell: Past, Present, and Future; 48; LPI-Contrib-1195
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  • 5
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    Preparing for Themis Controlled Global Mars Mosaics (2004)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-06-11
    Description: We have begun work to prepare for producing controlled 2001 Mars Odyssey THEMIS infrared (IR) and visible (VIS) global mosaics of Mars. This effort is being coordinated with colleagues from Arizona State University and on the THEMIS team who plan to address radiometric issues in making such mosaics. We are concentrating on geometric issues. Several areas of investigation are now in progress, including: a) characterizing the absolute pointing accuracy of THEMIS images; b) investigating whether automatic tie point matching algorithms could be used to provide connections between overlapping THEMIS images; c) developing algorithms to allow for the photogrammetric (bundle) adjustment of the THEMIS IR (line scanner) camera images. Our primary goal in this pilot study effort will be to make several test control THEMIS mosaics and better determine which methods could be used, which require development, and what level of effort is required, in order to make large regional or global controlled THEMIS mosaics.
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: Lunar and Planetary Science XXXV: Mars: New Methods and Techniques; LPI-Contrib-1197
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  • 6
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    Basaltic rocks analyzed by the Spirit Rover in Gusev Crater (2004)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-06-11
    Description: The Spirit landing site in Gusev Crater on Mars contains dark, fine-grained, vesicular rocks interpreted as lavas. Pancam and Mini-Thermal Emission Spectrometer (Mini-TES) spectra suggest that all of these rocks are similar but have variable coatings and dust mantles. Magnified images of brushed and abraded rock surfaces show alteration rinds and veins. Rock interiors contain 〈/=25% megacrysts. Chemical analyses of rocks by the Alpha Particle X-ray Spectrometer are consistent with picritic basalts, containing normative olivine, pyroxenes, plagioclase, and accessory FeTi oxides. Mossbauer, Pancam, and Mini-TES spectra confirm the presence of olivine, magnetite, and probably pyroxene. These basalts extend the known range of rock compositions composing the martian crust.
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: Science (ISSN 0036-8075); Volume 305; 5685; 842-845
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  • 7
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    Characterization of the Surface Properties of MUSES-C/Hayabusa Spacecraft Target Asteroid 25143 Itokawa (1998 SF36) (2004)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-06-11
    Description: Several spacecraft missions have recently targeted asteroids to study their morphologies and physical properties (e.g. Galileo, NEAR Shoemaker), and more are planned. MUSES-C is a Japanese mission designed to rendezvous with a near-Earth asteroid (NEA). The MUSES-C spacecraft, Hayabusa, was launched successfully in May 2003. It will rendezvous with its target asteroid in 2005, and return samples to the Earth in 2007. Its target, 25143 Itokawa (1998 SF36), made a close approach to the Earth in 2001. We collected an extensive ground-based database of broadband photometry obtained during this time, which maximized the phase angle coverage, to characterize this target in preparation for the mission. Our project was designed to capitalize on the broadband UBVRI photometric observations taken with a series of telescopes, instrumentation, and observers. Photometry and spectrophotometry of Itokawa were acquired at Lowell, McDonald, Steward, Palomar, Table Mountain and Kiso Observatories. The photometric data sets were combined to calculate Hapke model parameters of the surface material of Itokawa, and examine the solar-corrected broadband color characteristics of the asteroid. Broadband photometry of an object can be used to: (1) determine its colors and thereby contribute to the understanding of its surface composition and taxonomic class, and (2) infer global physical surface properties of the target body. We present both colors from UBVRI observations of the MUSES-C target Itokawa, and physical properties derived by applying a Hapke model to the broadband BVRI photometry.
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: Lunar and Planetary Science XXXV: Asteroids, Meteors, and Comets; LPI-Contrib-1197
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  • 8
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    Apollo 16 Mafic Glass: Geochemistry, Provenance, and Implications (2004)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-06-11
    Description: Although the Apollo 16 mission landed in the feldspathic lunar highlands, mass-balance models suggest that there is a 5-6% mare component in the mature soils collected at the site. Only one mare basalt greater than 1 cm was found and two surveys of 2-4 mm particles found that less than 1% of this size fraction is mare basalt. Similar surveys of the less than 1 mm size fraction of A16 soils found very little lithic mare basalt, but several percent of basaltic green, yellow, and orange glass. The green glass beads were identified as VLT picritic glass and the orange/yellow glass shards were a mix of high and low Ti mare-like glass, high-Al basaltic glass, and KREEPy glasses. Most previous studies of glasses in the A16 regolith were surveys that identified a high proportion of feldspathic glass because most of the glass is produced by local impacts. Because the number of mafic glasses found was low, few compositional groupings were identified. As part of our ongoing study of the mafic components of the Apollo 16 site, we specifically targeted mafic glasses from Apollo 16, selecting against the more feldspathic glasses. In this way we were able to identify over 300 mafic glasses (greater than 10 wt % FeO). We present here the major- and trace-element chemistry of the main glass groups and discuss the likely provenance of each group.
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: Lunar and Planetary Science XXXV: Lunar Crust as Sampled by Basins and Craters; LPI-Contrib-1197
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  • 9
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    Multi-Wavelength Observations of 2100 Ra-Shalom: Radar and Lightcurves (2004)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-17
    Description: We conducted a multi-wavelength campaign to study the near-Earth asteroid (NEA) 2100 Ra-Shalom during its August 2003 encounter. Rotationally resolved observations were acquired at Arecibo (12.6 cm radar), the IRTF (0.8-2.5 micron and 3 micron), McDonald Observatory (0.48-0.92 micron), Palomar Observatory (8-15 micron), and Ondrejov Observatory (optical lightcurves). Our objectives were to determine Ra-Shalom's size and shape, and the composition and physical state of its near-surface material. Preliminary results from radar and lightcurve measurements will be presented here.
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: Lunar and Planetary Science XXXV: Asteroids, Meteors, and Comets; LPI-Contrib-1197
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  • 10
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    Cross-linking cellular prion protein triggers neuronal apoptosis in vivo (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-01-31
    Description: Neuronal death is a prominent, but poorly understood, pathological hallmark of prion disease. Notably, in the absence of the cellular prion protein (PrPC), the disease-associated isoform, PrPSc, appears not to be intrinsically neurotoxic, suggesting that PrPC itself may participate directly in the prion neurodegenerative cascade. Here, cross-linking PrPC in vivo with specific monoclonal antibodies was found to trigger rapid and extensive apoptosis in hippocampal and cerebellar neurons. These findings suggest that PrPC functions in the control of neuronal survival and provides a model to explore whether cross-linking of PrPC by oligomeric PrPSc can promote neuronal loss during prion infection.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Solforosi, Laura -- Criado, Jose R -- McGavern, Dorian B -- Wirz, Sebastian -- Sanchez-Alavez, Manuel -- Sugama, Shuei -- DeGiorgio, Lorraine A -- Volpe, Bruce T -- Wiseman, Erika -- Abalos, Gil -- Masliah, Eliezer -- Gilden, Donald -- Oldstone, Michael B -- Conti, Bruno -- Williamson, R Anthony -- AG00080/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- AG04342/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- AI09484/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- HL63817/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Mar 5;303(5663):1514-6. Epub 2004 Jan 29.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Immunology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14752167" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology/*metabolism ; *Apoptosis ; Cell Survival ; Cerebellum/*cytology ; Complement Activation ; Dimerization ; Hippocampus/*cytology ; Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments/immunology/metabolism ; Immunoglobulin G/immunology/metabolism ; In Situ Nick-End Labeling ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Neural Cell Adhesion Molecules/immunology/metabolism ; Neurons/*physiology ; PrPC Proteins/chemistry/immunology/*metabolism ; Recombinant Proteins/metabolism ; Signal Transduction
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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