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  • Springer Nature  (24)
  • Blackwell Publishing Ltd  (12)
  • Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
  • 2000-2004  (36)
  • 1940-1944
  • 2002  (36)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Method Development and Generation of Profiles for Selected Phenolics from Apple Cultivars Used for Processed Products (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 67 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: : Profiles of selected phenolic constituents of 2 apple cultivars, Northern Spy and Ida Red, commonly used for processed products were compared. Although chlorogenic acid was the principal phenolic in both cultivars, there were significant quantitative differences. A new solid-phase extraction (SPE) and high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) separation using polymeric resins was developed for this experiment. Quantification was by ultra-violet (UV) absorbance using a diode array detector. The performance of this new method was compared with that of a published liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) method, based on linearity of detector response, limits of detection, reproducibility of analysis, and recoveries from spiked apple samples.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.2002.tb08822.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Simplified Kinetic Scheme of Flavor Formation by the Maillard Reaction (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 67 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: : The simplified kinetic scheme presented categorizes the volatile compounds into 4 classes: pyrroles and other nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds (PY), furans and other oxygen-containing heterocyclic compounds (FU), carbonyls (C), and pyrazines (PZ). The scheme comprises 11 reaction steps. The order of magnitude of the reaction rate for some of these steps could be determined from literature sources. Using these rates, the scheme was able to correlate the pseudo-zero-order rate of generation of FU and PZ (from the literature) to the initial temperature and concentration of reactants. It also reproduces the kinetics of volatile formation in a model glucose-alanine system in a glycerol matrix, as measured for 4 temperatures by GC-MS.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.2002.tb08772.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sequence tagged site markers linked to the sbm1 gene for resistance to pea seedborne mosaic virus in pea (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant breeding 121 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Resistance to pea seed-borne mosaic virus (PSbMV) pathotype P-1 in peas is conferred by sbm1 with recessive inheritance. PSbMV is an economically important pathogen with world-wide distribution that causes significant losses in pea yield and reduces seed and produce quality. The sbm1 gene was previously mapped to linkage group VI on molecular linkage maps of the pea genome. To improve plant breeders’ ability to develop varieties resistant to PSbMV, two random amplified polymorphic DNA markers (G05_2537 and L01_910) and one restriction fragment length polymorphism (P446) linked to sbm1 have been identified. The genomic sequences for these markers have been characterized and the information used to develop three simple polymerase chain reaction-based STS (sequence tagged site) assays. Linkage analysis in two F2 populations showed that the most tightly linked of these three STS loci (sG05_2537) is approximately 4 cM from sbm1. Characterization of a collection of resistant and susceptible germplasm demonstrated a strong correlation between STS alleles and sbm1 alleles, indicating the utility of these markers for marker-assisted selection in breeding programmes using a range of germplasm sources.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0523.2002.00761.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    ESTIMATED SOURCE LEVELS OF FIN WHALE (BALAENOPTERA PHYSALUS) VOCALIZATIONS: ADJUSTMENTS FOR SURFACE INTERFERENCE (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Marine mammal science 18 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1748-7692
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: We recorded a series of 34 fin whale vocalizations using four calibrated hydrophones in a towed array. The whale's location was determined using arrival-time differences of each call at the hydrophones. The recordings showed evidence of interference between signals propagating along direct and surface-reflected paths (the “Lloyd Mirror”). We made preliminary estimates of source level (SL) using a spherical spreading model of transmission loss. We then applied a conservative correction for the effect of interference by subtracting the maximum possible signal enhancement from the preliminary SL estimate. These adjusted spherical spreading estimates had a median of 171 dB re 1 μPa at 1 m, with a range of 159–184 dB. These are the first SL estimates that explicitly attempt to correct for possible interference effects. We also propose a method that simultaneously estimates SL and source depth by fitting a Lloyd Mirror transmission loss curve to the measured received level, known receiver depth, and source-to-receiver range. Attempts to apply this method to the present data set yielded inconsistent results, probably because of the small number of hydrophones available. With more hydrophones in the interference field, this new method should produce reliable estimates of SL and depth of vocalizing whales.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-7692.2002.tb01020.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of an Algebraic Multigrid Algorithm to Two Iterative Solvers Used for Modeling Ground Water Flow and Transport (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water 40 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-6584
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: Numerical solution of large-scale ground water flow and transport problems is often constrained by the convergence behavior of the iterative solvers used to solve the resulting systems of equations. We demonstrate the ability of an algebraic multigrid algorithm (AMG) to efficiently solve the large, sparse systems of equations that result from computational models of ground water flow and transport in large and complex domains. Unlike geometric multigrid methods, this algorithm is applicable to problems in complex flow geometries, such as those encountered in pore-scale modeling of two-phase flow and transport. We integrated AMG into MODFLOW 2000 to compare two- and three-dimensional flow simulations using AMG to simulations using PCG2, a preconditioned conjugate gradient solver that uses the modified incomplete Cholesky preconditioner and is included with MODFLOW 2000. CPU times required for convergence with AMG were up to 140 times faster than those for PCG2. The cost of this increased speed was up to a nine-fold increase in required random access memory (RAM) for the three-dimensional problems and up to a four-fold increase in required RAM for the two-dimensional problems. We also compared two-dimensional numerical simulations of steady-state transport using AMG and the generalized minimum residual method with an incomplete LU-decomposition preconditioner. For these transport simulations, AMG yielded increased speeds of up to 17 times with only a 20% increase in required RAM. The ability of AMG to solve flow and transport problems in large, complex flow systems and its ready availability make it an ideal solver for use in both field-scale and pore-scale modeling.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2002.tb02654.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Extent of invasion of Tasmanian native vegetation by the exotic bumblebee Bombus terrestris (Apoidea: Apidae) (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Austral ecology 27 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1442-9993
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Observations of the large earth bumblebee, Bombus terrestris (L.), in native vegetation were collated to determine the extent to which this exotic species has invaded Tasmanian native vegetation during the first 9 years after its introduction. The range of B. terrestris now encompasses all of Tasmania's major vegetation types, altitudes from sea level to 1260m a.s.L, and the entire breadth of annual precipitation in the state from more than 3200 mm to less than 600 mm. Observations of workers carrying pollen, together with the presence of large numbers of bumblebees at many localities across this range indicate that colonies are frequently established in native vegetation. Evidence that colonies are often successful was obtained from repeated observations of the species during more than 1 year at particular sites. Unequivocal evidence of colonies was obtained from six National Parks, including four of the five in the Tasmanian Wilderness World Heritage Area (WHA). Indeed, the species has been present in the WHA for at least as long as it has in the city of Hobart, where it was first recorded. In southwestern Tasmania, evidence of colonies was obtained up to 40km from gardens, 61 km from small towns and 93 km from large towns. Hence, contrary to previous suggestions, the species is established in the most remote parts of Tasmania and is not dependent on introduced garden plants. Given their strong record of invasion, it is likely that B. terrestris will form feral populations on the mainland of Australia and in many other parts of the world if introduced. Because of their likely negative impacts on native animals and plants, and potential to enhance seed production in weeds, the spread of bumblebees should be avoided.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1442-9993.2002.01179.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of bovicin HC5, a bacteriocin from Streptococcus bovis HC5, on ruminal methane production in vitro (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 217 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Methane represents a loss of feed energy to ruminant animals, and nutritionists have sought methods of inhibiting ruminal methane production. When mixed ruminal bacteria (approximately 400 mg protein ml−1) from a cow fed timothy hay were incubated in vitro with carbon dioxide and hydrogen (0.5 atm) for less than 8 h, the first-order rate of methane production was 17 μmol ml−1. Semi-purified bacteriocin from Streptococcus bovis HC5 (bovicin HC5) inhibited methane production, by as much as 50%, and even a low concentration of bovicin HC5 (128 activity units (AU) ml−1) caused a significant decrease. Mixed ruminal bacteria that were transferred successively retained their ability to produce methane from carbon dioxide and hydrogen, and the first-order rate of methane production did not decrease. Cultures that were treated with bovicin HC5 (128 AU ml−1) gradually lost their ability to produce methane, and methane was not detected after four transfers. These latter results indicated that ruminal methanogens could not adapt and become resistant to bovicin HC5. When the chromosomal DNA was amplified with 16S rDNA primers specific to archaea, digested with restriction enzymes (Hha I and Hae III) and separated on agarose gels, approximately 12 fragments were observed. DNA from control and treated cultures (third transfer) had the same fragment pattern indicating bovicin HC5 was not selective. Given the perception that the routine use of antibiotics in animal feeds should be avoided, bacteriocins may provide an alternative strategy for decreasing ruminal methane production.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.2002.tb11455.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The adaptation and resistance of Clostridium aminophilum F to the butyrivibriocin-like substance of Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens JL5 and monensin (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 209 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: When the amino acid-fermenting bacterium Clostridium aminophilum F was inoculated into media containing 1 μM monensin or a bacteriocin-like inhibitory substance (BLIS) from Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens JL5, the cultures lagged and growth was not observed for more than 12 h. The monensin- and BLIS-treated cultures eventually grew rapidly and did not lag a second time. Because cross-resistance could not be demonstrated, it appeared that the adaptation was specific. Non-adapted cells that were incubated with monensin lost their ability to produce ammonia from amino acids, and ATP, intracellular potassium, and electrical potential (ΔΨ) were lower than untreated cells. Monensin-adapted cells regained their ability to produce ammonia, and intracellular potassium and ΔΨ increased, but ATP was still 40% lower than untreated cells. When non-adapted cells were treated with the BLIS, ammonia production did not decline. Non-adapted cells were agglutinated by lysozyme, but in each case, adapted cells were not agglutinated. Adapted cells had more cellular polysaccharide and bound less of either inhibitor. Based on these results, it appears that the adapted cells had altered cell wall characteristics that prevented the binding of either monensin or the B. fibrisolvens JL5 BLIS.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.2002.tb11115.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Isolation of a Pseudomonas monteilli strain with a novel phosphotriesterase (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 206 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: A Pseudomonas monteilli strain (designated C11) that uses the phosphotriester coroxon as its sole phosphorus source has been isolated. Native PAGE and activity staining identified a single isozyme with significant phosphotriesterase activity in the soluble fraction of the cell. This phosphotriesterase could hydrolyse both coumaphos and coroxon. The hydrolysis product of coroxon, diethylphosphate, and the thion analogue, coumaphos, could not serve as phosphorus sources when added to the growth medium. The majority of the phosphotriesterase and phosphatase activity was contained in the soluble fraction of the cell. Phosphatase activity was inhibited by vanadate as well as by dialysis against the metal chelator, EDTA. Phosphotriesterase activity was not affected by either vanadate or dialysis with EDTA or 1,10-phenanthroline. Phosphotriesterase activity was regulated by the amounts of both phosphate and coroxon in the medium, whereas total phosphatase activity was regulated by phosphate but not coroxon. A lack of hybridisation using a probe against the opd (organophosphate degradation) gene encoding a phosphotriesterase from Flavobacterium sp. ATCC27551 against bulk DNA from P. monteilli C11 suggested that this strain does not contain opd. The work presented here indicates the presence of a novel phosphotriesterase in P. monteilli C11.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.2002.tb10985.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High resolution detection of fluorescently labeled microorganisms in environmental samples using time-resolved fluorescence microscopy (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology ecology 41 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6941
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The high level of discrimination offered by fluorescence microscopy has led to its widespread use for the analysis of individual microbial cells. The major limitation of fluorescence microscopy in microbial ecology is that many types of environmental samples contain autofluorescent material that can obscure emission from a fluorescent label. Time-resolved fluorescence microscopy (TRFM) is a technique that greatly reduces background autofluorescence whilst maintaining signal strength of the fluorescent target. TRFM differs from fluorescent microscopy in the use of fluorophores that are characterized by long-lived luminescence. Samples are briefly illuminated to excite fluorescence then capture of luminescence is delayed for a time interval sufficient to ensure autofluorescence has largely faded. TRFM has not been extensively used in microbiology because of the limitations and cost of available time-resolved microscopes and the lack of suitable long-lived fluorescent labels. Here we describe modification of a commercial fluorescence microscope for time-resolved operation through the addition of an image-intensified camera and low cost flashlamp. The TRFM was used in combination with a novel immunofluorophore for the specific detection of Giardia cysts in a water sample containing large amounts of autofluorescent material. A 60-μs gate delay between excitation and detection resulted in a 30-fold increase in contrast of labeled parasites compared to conventional immunostaining. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the use of TRFM for the detection of microorganisms in environmental samples.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6941.2002.tb00985.x
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