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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Anomalies in the growth kinetics of Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains in aerobic chemostat cultures (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 24 (2000), S. 231-236 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Keywords: Keywords: Saccharomyces cerevisiae; aerobic; chemostat; growth kinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Aerobic glucose-limited chemostat cultivations were conducted with Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains NRRL Y132, ATCC 4126 and CBS 8066, using a complex medium. At low dilution rates all three strains utilised glucose oxidatively with high biomass yield coefficients, no ethanol production and very low steady-state residual glucose concentrations in the culture. Above a threshold dilution rate, respiro-fermentative (oxido-reductive) metabolism commenced, with simultaneous respiration and fermentation occurring, which is typical of Crabtree-positive yeasts. However, at high dilution rates the three strains responded differently. At high dilution rates S. cerevisiae CBS 8066 produced 7–8 g ethanol L−1 from 20 g glucose L−1 with concomitant low levels of residual glucose, which increased markedly only close to the wash-out dilution rate. By contrast, in the respiro-fermentative region both S. cerevisiae ATCC 4126 and NRRL Y132 produced much lower levels of ethanol (3–4 g L−1) than S. cerevisiae CBS 8066, concomitant with very high residual sugar concentrations, which was a significant deviation from Monod kinetics and appeared to be associated either with high growth rates or with a fermentative (or respiro-fermentative) metabolism. Supplementation of the cultures with inorganic or organic nutrients failed to improve ethanol production or glucose assimilation. Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology (2000) 24, 231–236.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.jim.2900813
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nuclear magnetic resonance relaxation studies of polyacrylamide solution (2000)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 278 (2000), S. 264-269 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Key words Polyacrylamide ; Nuclear magnetic resonance ; Relaxation ; Cohesional entanglement
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract  The cohesive interaction among polymer chains in a polyacrylamide (PAAm)–D2O solution has been studied by NMR relaxation. The NMR relaxation times of PAAm in the good solvent D2O were measured at different temperatures. The results show that the solution system has a high local viscosity and that its relaxation characteristic is soft-solid-like. The temperature dependence of the relaxation behavior of the solution is obviously different from that of ordinary polymer solutions. The difference lies in the relaxation behavior of the methylene protons in the main chain of PAAm, as shown by analyzing the relaxation process with single exponential and biexponential decays. As the temperature increases, the solvation is weakened, leading polymer chains to form curling coils, thus hindering the movement of the methylene protons among the main chains. It can be expected from the existence of 80% fast-relaxing protons that there are a zhigh number of entanglements among the polymer chains in PAAm solution. The information about entanglements among the polymer chains can be deduced from the biexponential dependence of the spin–spin relaxation on the concentration of the polymer solutions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003960050042
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Three-dimensional photonic crystal structures achieved with self-organization of colloidal particles (2000)
    Springer
    Optical and quantum electronics 32 (2000), S. 1295-1300 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-817X
    Keywords: photonic crystal ; self-organization ; transmission spectrum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Three-dimensional polystyrene/air photonic crystal structure with different particle diameters: 200, 270 and 340 nm was achieved. Strong photonic band gap effect reflected with transmission minimum down to −16 dB was observed. The central wavelengths of the valleys of spectra were well fitted with theoretical calculation. The augmentation of band gap effect versus particle diameter was attributed to an improved self-assembling of particles. An analysis of transmission spectra is also presented. The agreement between the results of experiment and numerical analysis is good.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1026513628764
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The synthesis and crystallographic characterization of the heterobimetallic dodecanuclear cage cluster: [Et4N]2[(Mo2Ag2S2O2edt2)3(μ6-S)]·3H2O (edt=−SC2H4S−) (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 30 (2000), S. 55-60 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: heterobimetallic ; dodecanuclear ; Mo-Ag-S cage cluster ; X-ray structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The crystal structure of the title compound, [Et4N]2[(Mo2Ag2S2O2edt2)3(μ6-S)]·3H2O (edt=SC2H4S−), has been investigated by X-ray diffraction techniques, the crystal is tetragonal, space group P4l2l2, with a = b = 13.4801(4), c = 37.7381(14) Å, V = 6857.5(4) Å3 andZ = 4. The anion of the title compound can be viewed as a cage consisting of three [Mo2S2O2(S2C2H4)2]2−/2 Ag+ fragments, with an S2− at the cage center bonding to six Ag atoms. The cage has two big windows each composed of a puckered Ag3S6C6 15-membered ring.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009550200651
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis and crystal structure of the perchlorate salt of diprotonated N,N′-bis(1-methylimidazole-2-methyl)1,5-diazacyclooctane (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 30 (2000), S. 531-534 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: 1,5-Diazacyclooctane (DACO) ; crystal structure ; boat/chair configuration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The diprotonated perchlorate salt of a new 1,5-diazacyclooctane (DACO) mesocycle functionalized by two imidazole pendants, N,N′-bis(1-methylimidazole-2-methyl)-1,5-diazacyclo-octane (C16H28N6Cl2O8), has been synthesized and the structure determined by X-ray diffraction analysis. The title compound crystallizes in the monoclinic system, space group P21/c with a = 11.964(2), b = 13.251(3), c = 14.741(3) Å, β = 106.00(3)°, Mr = 503.34, V = 2246(1) Å3, Z = 4. The crystal structure of the title compound reveals that the DACO ring is also folded up into the “chair/boat” configuration, which is consistent with the configuration in most of the transition metal complexes of DACO and its derivatives. The two imidazole pendants of the compound are in cis position with a dihedral angle of 16.0(4)°.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1011337722544
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular assembly in an inclusion crystal of tris(2-benzimidazylmethyl)amine with 4-nitrobenzoic acid (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 30 (2000), S. 783-788 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: molecular complex ; 4-nitrobenzoic acid ; tris(2-benzimidazylmethyl) amine ; hydrogen bonding ; molecular assembly
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A 1:2 inclusion compound of tris(2-benzimidazylmethyl)amine with 4-nitrobenzoic acid [(C24H21N7) · (C7H5NO2)2] has been prepared and the molecular assembly in solid state has been determined by X-ray crystal structural analysis. The crystal structure (C 2/c, a = 25.488(5), b = 13.304(3), c = 21.479(4) Å, β = 93.35 (3)°, Z = 8, R = 0.065) consists of discrete dimeric inclusion compounds joined together by N(5)...N(6) intermolecular hydrogen bonds between pairs of centrosymmetrically related benzimidazole rings of the hosts. There are two types of guest molecules in the crystal, one is incorporated within the cavity of the host via three intramolecular N—H···O hydrogen bonds while the other is situated outside the cavity and connected with the host through one O—H···N hydrogen bond. The π–π stacking interactions between guests and benzimidazole rings result in one-dimensional columns. The aromatic face–face interactions between neighbouring columns facilitate the assembly of those columns into two-dimensional layers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1013272224434
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The diet of the cuttlefish Sepia officinalis L. (mollusca: cephalopoda) during its life cycle in the Northern Bay of Biscay (France) (2000)
    Springer
    Aquatic sciences 62 (2000), S. 167-178 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9055
    Keywords: Key words: Cuttlefish, Sepia officinalis, diet, Pisces, Brachyura.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract: The diet of the cuttlefish Sepia officinalis L. was studied from stomach contents. This analysis was carried out on monthly samples throughout the whole biological cycle in the Northern Bay of Biscay focusing on 3 areas: a breeding and hatching area (Morbihan Bay), a winter area (off Belle-Ile island) and a transition area (Morbraz).¶The list of prey species showed that Sepia officinalis an opportunistic predator with a flexible diet that allows it to survive when its usual prey is unavailable.¶The diet is discussed in terms of the repletion ratio (R.R.: number of stomachs with remains/number of stomachs examined as %) and the monthly frequency of a prey species. Results show that R.R. was minimal during reproduction (around 25%) whereas during the rest of the life cycle it was higher than 50%. Amphipods (Phtisica marina) are the main prey for the first 3 months. During the growth period, fish (Ammodytiae, Gobiidae, Gadidae) occupied the first place in the diet. In animals returning to coastal waters for reproduction, the diet changed again and crustacea especially Brachyura (Carcinus maenas, Liocarcinus arcuatus) became the most important prey.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00001329
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A trace formula for Weyl transforms with radial symbols (2000)
    Springer
    Integral equations and operator theory 37 (2000), S. 232-237 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-8989
    Keywords: Primary 47G10
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract A trace formula for Weyl transforms onL 2 (ℝ) with radial symbols is given.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01192424
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gaussian functions and Daubechies operators (2000)
    Springer
    Integral equations and operator theory 38 (2000), S. 1-8 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-8989
    Keywords: Primary 47G10
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract We show that the subspace ofL 2(ℂ n ), spanned by Gaussian functions, has the property that the product of two Daubechies operators with symbols in the subspace is a Daubechies operator with symbolH in the same space. Furthermore, an explicit expression for the symbolH is given.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01192298
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stacks of Microfabricated Structures as Scaffolds for Cell Culture and Tissue Engineering (2000)
    Springer
    Biomedical microdevices 2 (2000), S. 207-214 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8781
    Keywords: BioMEMS ; microfluidic patterning ; PDMS ; polyurethane ; bone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Abstract The fabrication of microscopic 3-dimensional structures for directing and inducing cell proliferation, migration and differentiation is a prevailing goal in tissue engineering. We have developed microfluidic molding methods to generate proof-of-principle polyurethane microstructures containing holes as models of synthetic tissue scaffolds. Molding is achieved by injecting sub-milliliter quantities of polyurethane precursor into a network of capped polydimethylsiloxane microchannels. After curing of the polyurethane, the microchannels can be opened to release a solid polyurethane structure which replicates the structure of the microchannel network. The microchannels can be reused to generate many exact replicas which can be stacked. We were able to design stacks that mimic various bone architectures. 3-dimensional microtomographic images were used for the first time for visualization and quality control of the stacked microfabricated structures. The polyurethane structures are amenable to cell culture. This technology could potentially be applied to microfabricate implanTable 3-dimensional scaffolds of specified architecture and composition for tissue growth and regeneration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009932530375
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