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  • American Institute of Physics (AIP)  (271)
  • 2020-2024
  • 2020-2022
  • 2000-2004  (271)
  • 2003
  • 2000  (271)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Positive voltage spikes in runaway tokamak discharges (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 7 (2000), S. 2894-2897 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Positive voltage spikes caused by a fast decrease of the plasma current are observed in runaway dominated discharges in the small Brazilian Tokamak TBR-1[Kuznetsov et al., Phys. Plasmas 6, 4002 (1999)]. Comparison of the measured voltage spike with the value given by the solution of the one-dimensional diffusion equation for the toroidal electric field permits one to infer the plasma conductivity and initial electric field distribution. An additional runaway generation due to voltage spikes can be important. In this case, both the decay time of the voltage spike and the total toroidal current perturbation can decrease substantially. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.874139
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On a bootstrap-like mechanism of radio frequency wave current drive in tokamaks (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 7 (2000), S. 1060-1063 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A new type of radio-frequency (rf) current drive in tokamaks is considered in this paper. The basic physical mechanism is connected with the dependence of the ion and electron viscosities on the time-averaged rf wave intensity. The new terms appear in the surface-averaged Ohm's law via the electron viscosity. Therefore, it is a bootstrap-like mechanism of rf current drive, not yet considered for tokamaks. At some special conditions, this type of the current drive can overcome the conventional one. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.873912
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spatial and spatiotemporal self-focusing of spin waves in garnet films observed by space- and time-resolved Brillouin light scattering (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 87 (2000), S. 5088-5090 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A new advanced space- and time-resolved Brillouin light scattering technique is used to study diffraction of two-dimensional beams and pulses of dipolar spin waves excited by strip-line antennas in tangentially magnetized garnet films. The technique is an effective tool for investigations of two-dimensional spin wave propagation with high spatial and temporal resolution. Nonlinear effects such as stationary and nonstationary self-focusing are investigated in detail. It is shown that nonlinear diffraction of a stationary backward volume magnetostatic wave (BVMSW) beam, having a finite transverse aperture, leads to self-focusing of the beam at one spatial point. Diffraction of a finite-duration (nonstationary) BVMSW pulse leads to space–time self-focusing and formation of a strongly localized two-dimensional wave packet (spin wave bullet). © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.373257
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Method to produce high-resolution scanning near-field optical microscope probes by beveling optical fibers (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 71 (2000), S. 3118-3122 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A new two-step method to fabricate scanning near-field optical microscope (SNOM) probes with an aperture size clearly below 100 nm has been developed. For the first step, a chemical etching process is used in which an optical fiber is dipped with its acrylate jacket into hydrofluoric acid to get a suitable tapered shape of the fiber. The second step consists of beveling the etched fiber using a modified micropipette beveler to obtain a tip diameter in the nanometer range as well as a smooth surface to allow a good aluminum metallization by evaporation. By varying the beveling angle tapered shapes with different cone angles can be obtained. First transmission experiments with our probes show an optical resolution below 80 nm. In comparison to fiber tips obtained by a standard heating and pulling method, the transmission efficiency of these tips is up to three orders of magnitude higher due to the optimized tapered shape. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1304866
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Imaging ferromagnetic tracers with an ac biosusceptometer (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 71 (2000), S. 2532-2538 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The aim of this work was to study the feasibility of obtaining images of the distribution of ferromagnetic tracers using an ac biosusceptometer (ACB). The images were generated by mapping the response of the ACB at short distances due to the presence of a ferrite powder dispersed in a planar gel matrix with different shapes. The ACB was scanned over the sample and the voltages generated by the variation in ferrite concentration were sampled. Methods to render and image the distribution of ferromagnetic particles were studied. The generalized Wiener parametric method gave the best results. The system has a potential to be used in functional images of the gastrointestinal tract where a moderate resolution is required. We conclude that this biomagnetic method can be successfully used to generate planar functional images of magnetic particles in the near field. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1150666
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cross-sectional electron-beam-induced current analysis of the passivation of extended defects in cast multicrystalline silicon by remote hydrogen plasma treatment (2000)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 76 (2000), S. 697-699 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Cross-sectional and temperature-dependent measurements of the electron-beam-induced current reveal the depth profile of the recombination activity of grain boundaries and intragrain dislocations in cast multicrystalline Si. After remote hydrogen plasma treatment for 1 h at 310 °C, defects are passivated down to a depth of 100 μm. Even the activity of crystal defects exhibiting small or not detectable room temperature contrast is further reduced by hydrogenation. We interpret the experimental data in terms of a recently developed model, which relates the temperature behavior of the recombination activity to the density of (contaminant-induced) deep levels at the defects. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.125865
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Waveguide ultrasonic force microscopy at 60 MHz (2000)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 76 (2000), S. 1836-1838 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We present measurements using ultrasonic force microscopy at ∼60 MHz, operating in a "waveguide" mode in which the cantilever base is vibrated and flexural ultrasonic vibrations are launched down the cantilever without exciting any particular cantilever resonance. The nonlinearity of the tip-sample force-distance curve allows the conversion of a modulated ultrasonic frequency into a low frequency vibration of the cantilever, detected in a conventional atomic force microscope. Images of Ge quantum dots on a Si substrate show contrast related to elasticity and adhesion differences, and this is interpreted with the Johnson–Kendall–Roberts model of the force-distance curve. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.126184
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Strain-induced material intermixing of InAs quantum dots in GaAs (2000)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 77 (2000), S. 1789-1791 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A systematic investigation of the stacking behavior of InAs quantum dots (QDs) with varying GaAs interlayer thickness d is presented. We compare two-fold stacks of large QDs ((approximate)25 nm base width), which emit at 1.30 μm, to small QDs ((approximate)20 nm base width) emitting at 1.14 μm. For large islands photoluminescence yields an energetic blueshift of the second layer islands with decreasing d, although transmission electron microscopy clearly reveals a (approximate)70% larger dot size in the second layer, whereas for small islands a similar size increase of the dots in the upper layer and an energetic redshift are observed. A detailed analysis of confinement and material intermixing effects suggests that for large QDs strain driven material intermixing is dominant. For small QDs the confinement effect plays the major role and causes the observed photoluminescence energy redshifts. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1311314
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Piezoelectric response of epitaxial Pb(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3 films measured by scanning tunneling microscopy (2000)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 77 (2000), S. 1701-1703 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We report on scanning tunneling microscopy measurements of the piezoelectric response in ferroelectric heterostructures grown by off-axis rf magnetron sputtering. The samples are composed of a single-crystalline ferroelectric film of Pb(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3 deposited on a conducting substrate and covered with an ultrathin metallic film of gold. The high quality of the c-axis oriented ferroelectric layer is evidenced by sharp polarization hysteresis loops. By applying a voltage to the bilayer and recording the inverse piezoelectric effect with the scanning tunneling microscope, we demonstrate the ability to measure the phase response as well as the ferroelectric switching. We obtained strain-field plots with a butterfly loop shape, and a quantitative measurement of the longitudinal piezoelectric coefficient (d33). © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1309017
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrafast optical characterization of carrier capture times in InxGa1−xN multiple quantum wells (2000)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 77 (2000), S. 109-111 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Subpicosecond wavelength-degenerate differential transmission optical spectroscopy was used to characterize the electron capture time in a 10-period InxGa1−xN multiple-quantum-well (MQW) structure. Photoluminescence and photoluminescence excitation spectroscopies demonstrated enhanced MQW emission for injection within ±50 meV of the barrier energy. Time-resolved differential transmission measurements for excitation in this region reveal efficient electron capture in the quantum wells with a time constant between 310 and 540 fs. A slower exponential relaxation, with strongly wavelength-dependent subnanosecond decay constants, is also observed. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.126893
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