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  • Blackwell Publishing Ltd  (7)
  • American Geophysical Union (AGU)
  • Nature Publishing Group
  • 1995-1999  (7)
  • 1999  (7)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Endothia gyrosa associated with severe stem cankers on plantation grown Eucalyptus nitens in Tasmania, Australia (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Forest pathology 29 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0329
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Severe stem cankers in Eucalyptus nitens, from a 14-year-old mixed provenance plantation, were associated with infection by Endothia gyrosa, present in its teleomorph state. Surveys of incidence among canker severity classes were carried out in a thinned and pruned stand and an adjacent unthinned and unpruned stand within the affected plantation. No differences in incidence among the canker severity classes were found between the thinned/pruned and unthinned/unpruned stands or between different crown dominance classes within the unthinned/unpruned stand. However, the incidence among canker severity classes was strongly associated with bark roughness with 97% of rough-barked trees developing either annual cankers or cankers causing cambial damage. Stem cankers were found on only 11% of trees with smooth bark. Bark roughness in E. nitens was shown to differ significantly between provenances. Deployment of provenances prone to rough bark in routine plantation establishment may pose a risk of damaging stem canker outbreaks.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0329.1999.00143.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Silicon reduces sodium uptake in rice (Oryza sativa L.) in saline conditions and this is accounted for by a reduction in the transpirational bypass flow (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant, cell & environment 22 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Rice is relatively sensitive to salinity and is classified as a silicon accumulator. There have been reports that silicon can reduce sodium uptake in crop grasses in saline conditions, but the mechanism by which silicon might alleviate salinity damage is unclear. We report on the effects of silicon on growth, gas exchange and sodium uptake in rice genotypes differing in salt tolerance. In non-saline media there were no effects of supplementary silicate upon shoot fresh or dry weight or upon root dry weight, indicating that the standard culture solution was not formally deficient with respect to silicon. Plants grown with supplementary silicate had slightly, but significantly, shorter leaves than plants grown in a standard culture solution. Salinity reduced growth and photosynthetic gas exchange. Silicate supplementation partly overcame the reduction in growth and net photosynthesis caused by salt. This amelioration was correlated with a reduction in sodium uptake. Silicate supplementation increased the stomatal conductance of salt-treated plants, showing that silicate was not acting to reduce sodium uptake via a reduction in the transpiration rate. Silicate reduced both sodium transport and the transport of the apoplastic tracer trisodium-8-hydroxy-1,3,6-pyrenetrisulphonic acid (PTS). This implies that the mode of action of silicate was by partial blockage of the transpirational bypass flow, the pathway by which a large proportion of the uptake of sodium in rice occurs. Mechanisms by which silicate might reduce the transpirational bypass flow directly are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3040.1999.00418.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ethylene: a regulator of root architectural responses to soil phosphorus availability (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant, cell & environment 22 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The involvement of ethylene in root architectural responses to phosphorus availability was investigated in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) plants grown with sufficient and deficient phosphorus. Although phosphorus deficiency reduced root mass and lateral root number, main root length was unchanged by phosphorus treatment. This resulted in decreased lateral root density in phosphorus-deficient plants. The possible involvement of ethylene in growth responses to phosphorus deficiency was investigated by inhibiting endogenous ethylene production with amino-ethoxyvinylglycine (AVG) and aerating the root system with various concentrations of ethylene. Phosphorus deficiency doubled the root-to-shoot ratio, an effect which was suppressed by AVG and partially restored by exogenous ethylene. AVG increased lateral root density in phosphorus- deficient plants but reduced it in phosphorus-sufficient plants. These responses could be reversed by exogenous ethylene, suggesting ethylene involvement in the regulation of main root extension and lateral root spacing. Phosphorus-deficient roots produced twice as much ethylene per g dry matter as phosphorus-sufficient roots. Enhanced ethylene production and altered ethylene sensitivity in phosphorus-deficient plants may be responsible for root responses to phosphorus deficiency.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3040.1999.00405.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of osmolality and ions on the motility of stripped and testicular sperm of freshwater-and seawater-acclimated tilapia, Oreochromis mossambicus (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 55 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: A significantly higher concentration of testicular spermatozoa was obtained from freshwater Oreochromis mossambicus (9·9×109 spermatozoa ml−1) than seawater O. mossambicus (4·6×109 spermatozoa ml−1). The mean osmolality of the urine of freshwater fish (78·5 mOsmol kg−1) was significantly different from that of seawater fish (304·8 mOsmol kg−1). The mean length of the mid-piece of the spermatozoa together with the tail was more variable in freshwater O. mossambicus (8·80±0·23μm) than in seawater specimens (8·27±0·18 μm). Stripped sperm of freshwater O. mossambicus was highly contaminated by urine which was a good activator of sperm motility in O. mossambicus held in both fresh and sea water. The osmolality for initiation of motility in freshwater O. mossambicus spermatozoa was from 0 to 333 mOsmol kg−1 while for seawater O. mossambicus spermatozoa it was from 0 to 1022 mOsmol kg−1. The optimum osmolality for motility was from 70 to 333 mOsmol kg−1 for freshwater O. mossambicus spermatozoa and from 333 to 645 mOsmol kg−1 for seawater fish. In freshwater O. mossambicus spermatozoa, the presence of 20 mM CaCl2 increased the permissive osmolality of NaCl from 184 to 645 mOsmol kg−1. For seawater O. mossambicus spermatozoa, solutions of NaCl devoid of CaCl2 were unable initiate motility, but the addition of 1·5 to 30 mM CaCl2 to the NaCl solution (0–934 mOsmol kg1) had a full motility initiating effect.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1999.tb02080.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of meal size on the rate of gastric evacuation of burbot, Lota lota (L.) (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ecology of freshwater fish 8 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0633
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract– The effect of meal size on the gastric evacuation rate of burbot Lota lota (L.), was determined at a constant temperature of 1.5°C. Burbot were fed vendace Coregonus albula (L.), in varying amounts from 1.0% to 12.6% of burbot weight. Although gastric evacuation rate decreased exponentially with increasing meal size, the absolute amount of food evacuated per day (g. day−1 increased when meal size increased. The estimated maximum daily gastric evacuation rates were 0.8, 1.3 and 1.6 g/day with meal sizes 1%, 5% and 10% of burbot weight (200 g). No difference in gastric evacuation rate was observed between meals of the same size (8 g) but which consisted of either one or three vendace.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0633.1999.tb00052.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evidence of differences in growth and food intake regulation in different genetic strains of channel catfish (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 54 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Norris and USDA-103 strains of channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus were compared for growth rate and food conversion ratio under satiation feeding and restricted feeding (1% body weight day−1) regimes. At the start of the experiment Norris fish weighed 2·8 g, USDA-103 fish weighed 14·0 g. Therefore, a regression of the loge of specific growth rate against the loge of mean body size with an empirically derived fixed slope of -0·37 was used to compare growth rates. Under both feeding regimes the USDA-103 strain had faster specific growth rates and more efficient food conversion. In subsequent studies, voluntary food intake of size matched fish (60 g average) from these two strains was compared using a radiographic method. Fish were acclimatized to tank conditions for 3 weeks prior to voluntary food intake measurement. Half of the groups were deprived of food for 2 days prior to food intake measurement, while the remaining groups were fed 1% body weight day−1. The USDA-103 strain fish ate significantly more food and grew faster than the Norris strain fish. Previously fasted Norris fish subsequently ate more than their fed counterparts, whereas the fed USDA-103 fish consumed more food than the fasted USDA-103 group. When the USDA-103 strain fish were deprived of food for 4, 2 or 0 days, all groups subsequently consumed between 4·5 and 5·0% of body weight in one meal. The USDA-103 fish, unlike the Norris fish were not stimulated to consume more after short-duration fasting. Taken together, these results suggest that there are genetic differences in growth, food conversion ratio and regulation of food intake between Norris and USDA-103 strains.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1999.tb00639.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of a TCE DNAPL Zone in Alluvium by Partitioning Tracers (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water monitoring & remediation 19 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-6592
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: Partitioning interwell tracer tests (PITT) were used ID determine the spatial distribution and volume of residual trichloroethene (TCE) present in alluvium beneath the Portsmouth Gaseous Diffusion Plain in southern Ohio. Its first use at this site was in support of the design of a surfactant flood to remove the residual DNAPL (dense nonaqueous phase liquids) from the alluvial aquifer. The second application assessed the performance of the surfactant flood. The average DNAPL saturation in the first PITT was 0.1 to 0.2% in a swept pore volume of 4500 gallons (17.000 L). A second PITT was undertaken following the surfactant flood and yielded an average residual saturation of 0.06% in a swept pore volume of 3400 gallons (13.000 L), the reduction in pore volume being due to the confinement of the tracers to the lower sand and gravel unit of the alluvium. The design, operation, and analysis of the two PM Is provided strong evidence of a buried channel that controls the spatial distribution of the residual TCI: DNAPL in the basal sand and gravel aquifer and must be considered in the eventual full remediation of this aquifer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6592.1999.tb00190.x
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