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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Microsystem technologies 2 (1996), S. 126-129 
    ISSN: 1432-1858
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Technology
    Notes: Abstract  Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility is a partly dedicated Synchrotron Radiation Source which is operated since the end of 1990. Some main specifications of the source are briefly illustrated. Beam line 3B1 is a soft X-ray beam line extracted from bending magnet exploited for lithography. In the end of 3B1 there is a simple exposure chamber, LIGA patterns were exposured in the chamber. The LIGA technologies in BSRF are in the basic research stage, only a few of demonstrated patterns of deep etching structure were obtained. A sample of electroplating apparatus has been set up for getting metal structure. Further plan of the next phase of LIGA technology are presented. A new exposure scanner is being designed and would be set up on the another beam line 4W1 which is extracted from wiggle source with critical wavelength 2.2 A which seems quite suitable for deep etching exposure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Key engineering materials Vol. 315-316 (July 2006), p. 309-313 
    ISSN: 1013-9826
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Hermite method and MPM method were studied. Multi-point machining constraints withthe cutter tilting forward and backward were derived respectively. So the number of the solutions ofthe two Multi-point machining methods was doubled than before. To derive some generalconclusions about solution areas of Multi-point machining constraints, structure of neighborhoodregion close to a given point on a surface was used to substitute the surface in the Multi-pointmachining error calculation. A computational example was also given in the paper. With thetheoretical analyses and computational example, it was proved that, for an open and slightly curvedsurface machining with Multi-points method, without regard to interference, there were four branchareas satisfying Multi-point machining constraints and distributing radically nearby the first tangentcontact points respectively on condition that the cutter was tilted forward or backward. And theyextended basically in the directions along the principal curvatures at the first tangent contact point
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 13 (1991), S. 157-163 
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Mössbauer effect ; other γ-ray spectroscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Summary Two approximate formulae to calculate the eigenvalues of pure quadrupole interaction in Mössbauer effect studies have been proposed and the eigenvalue coefficients in the formulae have been given for various excited states and ground states of the nucleus with different spin. All the eigenvalues of pure quadrupole interaction between both excited state and ground state of nucleus with spinI=3/2÷9/2 and the electric-field gradient with different asymmetry parameter (η=0÷1.0) have been calculated by these formulae. The results show that the accuracies in all the calculations are more satisfactory or same in comparison with those obtained by the formula of Shenoy and Dunlap, especially when the asymmetry parameter of electric-field gradient is larger than 0.8 for the nucleus with spinI=5/2.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water monitoring & remediation 15 (1995), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1745-6592
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: A pool of dense nonaqueous phase liquid (DNAPI.) containing TCE and other chlorinated solvents has been removed from the subsurface at Hill Air Force Base, Uthah. as part of an interim remedial action. The removal of the DNAPI. pool means that future off-site migration of dissolved contaminants in the ground water is minimized, and costs for final remedial actions are reduced. A pump-and-treat system recovered more than 23.000) gallons of DNAPI. and one million gallons of contaminated ground water from the aquifer. The efficiency of this remedial action was evaluated on the basis of extensive field and laboratory data. The behavior of DNAPI. flow in the aquifer sands was characterized by collecting core samples from two borings in the DNAPL pool and measuring relative permeabilities and DMAPI. saturation. Core Hooding results show that approximately one-third of the DNAPI. originally in the pool is not recovered by water displacement, but remains as a residual saturation held in place by capillary pressure. However, subsequent Hooding with two pore volumes of surfactant solution reduced the residual DNAPI. saturation in the sand by one order of magnitude. Analytical and numerical models for the DNAPI flow behavior at the site were developed. This is the first time that such models have been developed and applied to an actual DNAPI. pumping lest conducted in the field. Because measured permeabilities and residual saturations were used lo calibrate the models. the model predictions could be used lo provide valuable insights into the controlling mechanisms for DNAPL recovery. The data collection and modeling procedures outlined in this paper can be used lo enhance the efficiency and minimize the cost 10 clean up this and other DNAPI.-contaminated sites.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1745-6584
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: Zones of dense, nonaqueous phase liquids (DNAPLs) are difficult to characterize as to their volume, composition, and spatial distribution using conventional ground-water extraction and soil-sampling methods. Such incompletely characterized sites have negative consequences for those responsible for their remedial design, e.g., the uncertainties in the optimal placement of ground-water extraction wells and in the duration of remediation. However, the recent use of the partitioning interwell tracer test (PITT) to characterize DNAPL zones at sites in New Mexico [unsaturated alluvium] and in Ohio, Texas, and Utah [saturated alluvium] demonstrates that the volume and spatial distribution of residual DNAPL can be determined with accuracy. The PITT involves injection of a suite of tracers which reversibly partition to different degrees between the DNAPL and the ground water or soil air resulting in the chromatographic separation of the tracer signals observed at the extraction well(s). The design of a PITT requires careful consideration of the hydrostratigraphic, hydraulic, and certain geochemical properties of the alluvium being tested. A three-dimensional, numerical model of a heterogeneous alluvial aquifer containing DNAPL has been developed for use with the UTCHEM simulator to demonstrate partitioning tracer testing and to address questions that are frequently raised in its application. The simulations include (1) the estimation of DNAPL volume for the simple case where only residual DNAPL is present in heterogeneous alluvium, (2) sensitivity studies to demonstrate the effect of increasingly low residual DNAPL saturation on the tracer signal, and (3) the effect of free-phase DNAPL on the estimation of the volume of DNAPL present. Furthermore, the potential interference of sedimentary organic carbon as a DNAPL surrogate on the tracer signal is considered and shown to be readily resolved by the careful choice of tracers. Finally, a protocol for the use of PITTs in alluvial aquifers is presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water monitoring & remediation 19 (1999), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1745-6592
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: Partitioning interwell tracer tests (PITT) were used ID determine the spatial distribution and volume of residual trichloroethene (TCE) present in alluvium beneath the Portsmouth Gaseous Diffusion Plain in southern Ohio. Its first use at this site was in support of the design of a surfactant flood to remove the residual DNAPL (dense nonaqueous phase liquids) from the alluvial aquifer. The second application assessed the performance of the surfactant flood. The average DNAPL saturation in the first PITT was 0.1 to 0.2% in a swept pore volume of 4500 gallons (17.000 L). A second PITT was undertaken following the surfactant flood and yielded an average residual saturation of 0.06% in a swept pore volume of 3400 gallons (13.000 L), the reduction in pore volume being due to the confinement of the tracers to the lower sand and gravel unit of the alluvium. The design, operation, and analysis of the two PM Is provided strong evidence of a buried channel that controls the spatial distribution of the residual TCI: DNAPL in the basal sand and gravel aquifer and must be considered in the eventual full remediation of this aquifer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 58 (1993), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Various promoters and inhibitors of enzymic lipid peroxidation in catfish were investigated. At 100 ppm BHA, BHT, NDGA, TBHQ, PG, EDTA, STPP, TDPA, THBP, and ethoxyquin completely inhibited lipid peroxidation activity. Natural antioxidants, a-tocopherol, P-carotene, and rosemary powder, had moderate inhibitory effects. Sodium ascorbate and erythorbate at a concentration of 100 ppm activated lipid peroxidation; however, higher concenlrations of these antioxidants had inhibitory effects. Unlike ferric and ferrous ions, Cu++ ions at 0.015 mM did not catalyze lipid peroxidation. Inorganic pyrophosphate and phosphate at 0.1 mM chelated ferric ion and inhibited lipid peroxidation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology 6 (1990), S. 149-155 
    ISSN: 1011-1344
    Keywords: Haematoporphyrin derivative ; cancer ; laser. ; malignant tumours ; photodynamic therapy
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical 2 (1990), S. 167-171 
    ISSN: 0925-4005
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids 54 (1993), S. 1509-1513 
    ISSN: 0022-3697
    Keywords: Multinary compound CuGa"1"-"XAl"XSe"2 ; crystal-field ; optical absorption ; transition metal impurity
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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