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  • Humans  (10)
  • Mice  (3)
  • 1995-1999  (10)
  • 1965-1969
  • 1999  (10)
  • 1
    Publication Date: 1999-02-26
    Description: Chlamydia infections are epidemiologically linked to human heart disease. A peptide from the murine heart muscle-specific alpha myosin heavy chain that has sequence homology to the 60-kilodalton cysteine-rich outer membrane proteins of Chlamydia pneumoniae, C. psittaci, and C. trachomatis was shown to induce autoimmune inflammatory heart disease in mice. Injection of the homologous Chlamydia peptides into mice also induced perivascular inflammation, fibrotic changes, and blood vessel occlusion in the heart, as well as triggering T and B cell reactivity to the homologous endogenous heart muscle-specific peptide. Chlamydia DNA functioned as an adjuvant in the triggering of peptide-induced inflammatory heart disease. Infection with C. trachomatis led to the production of autoantibodies to heart muscle-specific epitopes. Thus, Chlamydia-mediated heart disease is induced by antigenic mimicry of a heart muscle-specific protein.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bachmaier, K -- Neu, N -- de la Maza, L M -- Pal, S -- Hessel, A -- Penninger, J M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Feb 26;283(5406):1335-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Amgen Institute, Ontario Cancer Institute, Departments of Medical Biophysics and Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2C1, Canada.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10037605" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adoptive Transfer ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Antigens, Bacterial/chemistry/immunology ; Autoantibodies/biosynthesis ; Autoimmune Diseases/immunology/*microbiology/pathology ; B-Lymphocytes/immunology ; Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins/chemistry/*immunology ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology ; Chlamydia/*immunology ; Chlamydia Infections/complications/*immunology ; Chlamydia trachomatis/immunology ; CpG Islands ; Humans ; Immunization ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; *Molecular Mimicry ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Myocarditis/immunology/*microbiology/pathology ; Myocardium/immunology/pathology ; Myosin Heavy Chains/chemistry/*immunology ; Oligodeoxyribonucleotides/immunology ; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1999-03-13
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉de Lange, T -- DePinho, R A -- CA76027/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- HD 348880/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Feb 12;283(5404):947-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory for Cell Biology and Genetics, Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10021, USA. delange@rockvax.rockefeller.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10075559" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Cell Aging ; *Cell Division ; *Cell Transformation, Neoplastic ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16/metabolism ; Humans ; Neoplasms/enzymology/metabolism/pathology ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc/metabolism ; Retinoblastoma Protein/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Telomerase/genetics/*metabolism ; Telomere/*metabolism ; ras Proteins/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 1999-04-24
    Description: The Hata Member of the Bouri Formation is defined for Pliocene sedimentary outcrops in the Middle Awash Valley, Ethiopia. The Hata Member is dated to 2.5 million years ago and has produced a new species of Australopithecus and hominid postcranial remains not currently assigned to species. Spatially associated zooarchaeological remains show that hominids acquired meat and marrow by 2.5 million years ago and that they are the near contemporary of Oldowan artifacts at nearby Gona. The combined evidence suggests that behavioral changes associated with lithic technology and enhanced carnivory may have been coincident with the emergence of the Homo clade from Australopithecus afarensis in eastern Africa.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉de Heinzelin, J -- Clark, J D -- White, T -- Hart, W -- Renne, P -- WoldeGabriel, G -- Beyene, Y -- Vrba, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Apr 23;284(5414):625-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, Rue Vautier 29, B-1000 Bruxelles, Belgium.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10213682" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Diet ; Ethiopia ; *Fossils ; *Geologic Sediments ; History, Ancient ; *Hominidae ; Humans
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 1999-12-03
    Description: Familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (FHL) is a rare, rapidly fatal, autosomal recessive immune disorder characterized by uncontrolled activation of T cells and macrophages and overproduction of inflammatory cytokines. Linkage analyses indicate that FHL is genetically heterogeneous and linked to 9q21.3-22, 10q21-22, or another as yet undefined locus. Sequencing of the coding regions of the perforin gene of eight unrelated 10q21-22-linked FHL patients revealed homozygous nonsense mutations in four patients and missense mutations in the other four patients. Cultured lymphocytes from patients had defective cytotoxic activity, and immunostaining revealed little or no perforin in the granules. Thus, defects in perforin are responsible for 10q21-22-linked FHL. Perforin-based effector systems are, therefore, involved not only in the lysis of abnormal cells but also in the down-regulation of cellular immune activation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stepp, S E -- Dufourcq-Lagelouse, R -- Le Deist, F -- Bhawan, S -- Certain, S -- Mathew, P A -- Henter, J I -- Bennett, M -- Fischer, A -- de Saint Basile, G -- Kumar, V -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Dec 3;286(5446):1957-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pathology and the Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical School, Dallas, TX 75235, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10583959" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Antigen-Presenting Cells/immunology ; Cell Death ; Cell Line ; Cells, Cultured ; Chromosome Mapping ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 10/*genetics ; Codon, Terminator ; Cytoplasmic Granules/chemistry ; Cytotoxicity, Immunologic ; Frameshift Mutation ; Genetic Linkage ; Granzymes ; Heterozygote ; Histiocytosis, Non-Langerhans-Cell/*genetics/immunology ; Humans ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Membrane Glycoproteins/analysis/*genetics/physiology ; Mutation, Missense ; Perforin ; Point Mutation ; Pore Forming Cytotoxic Proteins ; Serine Endopeptidases/analysis ; T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/chemistry/immunology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 1999-09-08
    Description: Studies on pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) have been hindered by lack of a positive marker, comparable to the CD34 marker of hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs). In human postnatal hematopoietic tissues, 0.1 to 0.5% of CD34(+) cells expressed vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2, also known as KDR). Pluripotent HSCs were restricted to the CD34+KDR+ cell fraction. Conversely, lineage-committed HPCs were in the CD34+KDR- subset. On the basis of limiting dilution analysis, the HSC frequency in the CD34+KDR+ fraction was 20 percent in bone marrow (BM) by mouse xenograft assay and 25 to 42 percent in BM, peripheral blood, and cord blood by 12-week long-term culture (LTC) assay. The latter values rose to 53 to 63 percent in LTC supplemented with VEGF and to greater than 95 percent for the cell subfraction resistant to growth factor starvation. Thus, KDR is a positive functional marker defining stem cells and distinguishing them from progenitors.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ziegler, B L -- Valtieri, M -- Porada, G A -- De Maria, R -- Muller, R -- Masella, B -- Gabbianelli, M -- Casella, I -- Pelosi, E -- Bock, T -- Zanjani, E D -- Peschle, C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Sep 3;285(5433):1553-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Hematology and Oncology, University of Tubingen, Otfried-Muller-Strasse 10, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10477517" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antigens, CD34/*analysis ; Bone Marrow Cells/cytology ; Cell Lineage ; Cell Separation ; Cells, Cultured ; Endothelial Growth Factors/pharmacology ; Female ; Fetal Blood/cytology ; Fetus ; Flow Cytometry ; *Hematopoiesis ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells/chemistry/*cytology/drug effects/physiology ; Humans ; Lymphokines/pharmacology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred NOD ; Mice, SCID ; Phenotype ; Pregnancy ; Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/*analysis/physiology ; Receptors, Growth Factor/*analysis/physiology ; Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor ; Sheep ; Transplantation, Heterologous ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 1999-02-19
    Description: It is not known whether subsets of dendritic cells provide different cytokine microenvironments that determine the differentiation of either type-1 T helper (TH1) or TH2 cells. Human monocyte (pDC1)-derived dendritic cells (DC1) were found to induce TH1 differentiation, whereas dendritic cells (DC2) derived from CD4+CD3-CD11c- plasmacytoid cells (pDC2) induced TH2 differentiation by use of a mechanism unaffected by interleukin-4 (IL-4) or IL-12. The TH2 cytokine IL-4 enhanced DC1 maturation and killed pDC2, an effect potentiated by IL-10 but blocked by CD40 ligand and interferon-gamma. Thus, a negative feedback loop from the mature T helper cells may selectively inhibit prolonged TH1 or TH2 responses by regulating survival of the appropriate dendritic cell subset.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rissoan, M C -- Soumelis, V -- Kadowaki, N -- Grouard, G -- Briere, F -- de Waal Malefyt, R -- Liu, Y J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Feb 19;283(5405):1183-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Schering-Plough, Laboratory for Immunological Research, 27 chemin des Peupliers, Boite Postale 11, 69571, Dardilly, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10024247" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Antigens, CD40 ; Apoptosis ; CD40 Ligand ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Lineage ; Cell Survival ; Cells, Cultured ; Coculture Techniques ; Dendritic Cells/*cytology/immunology ; Feedback ; Humans ; Interferon-gamma/biosynthesis/pharmacology ; Interleukin-12/biosynthesis/pharmacology/physiology ; Interleukin-4/biosynthesis/pharmacology/*physiology ; Interleukins/biosynthesis/pharmacology ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Membrane Glycoproteins/pharmacology ; Stem Cells/cytology ; Th1 Cells/*cytology/immunology ; Th2 Cells/*cytology/immunology
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  • 7
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1999-11-05
    Description: Alzheimer's disease (AD) research has shown that patients with an inherited form of the disease carry mutations in the presenilin proteins or the amyloid precursor protein (APP). These disease-linked mutations result in increased production of the longer form of amyloid-beta (the primary component of the amyloid deposits found in AD brains). However, it is not clear how the presenilins contribute to this increase. New findings now show that the presenilins affect APP processing through their effects on gamma-secretase, an enzyme that cleaves APP. Also, it is known that the presenilins are involved in the cleavage of the Notch receptor, hinting that they either directly regulate gamma-secretase activity or themselves are protease enzymes. These findings suggest that the presenilins may prove to be valuable molecular targets for the development of drugs to combat AD.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Haass, C -- De Strooper, B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Oct 29;286(5441):916-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Adolf-Butenandt-Institute, Department of Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Germany. chaass@pbm.med.uni-muenchen.de〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10542139" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alzheimer Disease/drug therapy/enzymology/*metabolism ; Amyloid Precursor Protein Secretases ; Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor/*metabolism ; Animals ; Aspartic Acid Endopeptidases ; Endopeptidases/*metabolism ; Humans ; Membrane Proteins/*metabolism ; Protease Inhibitors/therapeutic use ; Protein Processing, Post-Translational ; Receptors, Notch ; Signal Transduction
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 1999-02-26
    Description: Although broken chromosomes can induce apoptosis, natural chromosome ends (telomeres) do not trigger this response. It is shown that this suppression of apoptosis involves the telomeric-repeat binding factor 2 (TRF2). Inhibition of TRF2 resulted in apoptosis in a subset of mammalian cell types. The response was mediated by p53 and the ATM (ataxia telangiectasia mutated) kinase, consistent with activation of a DNA damage checkpoint. Apoptosis was not due to rupture of dicentric chromosomes formed by end-to-end fusion, indicating that telomeres lacking TRF2 directly signal apoptosis, possibly because they resemble damaged DNA. Thus, in some cells, telomere shortening may signal cell death rather than senescence.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Karlseder, J -- Broccoli, D -- Dai, Y -- Hardy, S -- de Lange, T -- GM49046/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Feb 26;283(5406):1321-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory for Cell Biology and Genetics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10021, USA. Cell Genesys, Foster City, CA 94405, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10037601" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenoviridae/genetics/physiology ; Animals ; *Apoptosis ; Ataxia Telangiectasia/pathology ; Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Proteins ; B-Lymphocytes/cytology ; Cell Cycle Proteins ; Cell Line ; Cells, Cultured ; Cloning, Molecular ; DNA Damage ; DNA-Binding Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*physiology ; Genetic Vectors ; Humans ; In Situ Nick-End Labeling ; Mice ; Mitosis ; Phosphorylation ; *Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases ; Proteins/metabolism ; T-Lymphocytes/cytology ; Telomere/*physiology ; Telomeric Repeat Binding Protein 2 ; Tumor Cells, Cultured ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/*metabolism ; Tumor Suppressor Proteins
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  • 9
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1999-04-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hutardo de Mendoza, D -- Braginski, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Mar 5;283(5407):1439-40.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10206869" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Anthropology ; Asia ; Emigration and Immigration ; Ethnic Groups/genetics ; Europe ; Genetic Markers ; Genetics, Population ; *Haplotypes ; Humans ; Indians, North American/*genetics ; Male ; Mutation ; Y Chromosome/*genetics
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 1999-03-26
    Description: p21-activated kinases (PAKs) are implicated in the cytoskeletal changes induced by the Rho family of guanosine triphosphatases. Cytoskeletal dynamics are primarily modulated by interactions of actin and myosin II that are regulated by myosin light chain kinase (MLCK)-mediated phosphorylation of the regulatory myosin light chain (MLC). p21-activated kinase 1 (PAK1) phosphorylates MLCK, resulting in decreased MLCK activity. MLCK activity and MLC phosphorylation were decreased, and cell spreading was inhibited in baby hamster kidney-21 and HeLa cells expressing constitutively active PAK1. These data indicate that MLCK is a target for PAKs and that PAKs may regulate cytoskeletal dynamics by decreasing MLCK activity and MLC phosphorylation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sanders, L C -- Matsumura, F -- Bokoch, G M -- de Lanerolle, P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Mar 26;283(5410):2083-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Departments of Immunology and Cell Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10092231" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Adhesion ; Cell Cycle Proteins/metabolism ; Cell Line ; Cell Movement ; Cell Size ; Cricetinae ; Cytoskeleton/*physiology ; Diacetyl/analogs & derivatives/pharmacology ; GTP Phosphohydrolases/metabolism ; GTP-Binding Proteins/metabolism ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; Myosin Light Chains/*metabolism ; Myosin-Light-Chain Kinase/*antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Myosins/physiology ; Phosphorylation ; Phosphoserine/metabolism ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/*metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; cdc42 GTP-Binding Protein ; p21-Activated Kinases ; rac GTP-Binding Proteins ; rho-Associated Kinases
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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