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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON AQUATIC ECOSYSTEM FUNCTIONING AND HEALTH (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 35 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : We review published analyses of the effects of climate change on goods and services provided by freshwater ecosystems in the United States. Climate-induced changes must be assessed in the context of massive anthropogenic changes in water quantity and quality resulting from altered patterns of land use, water withdrawal, and species invasions; these may dwarf or exacerbate climate-induced changes. Water to meet instream needs is competing with other uses of water, and that competition is likely to be increased by climate change. We review recent predictions of the impacts of climate change on aquatic ecosystems in eight regions of North America. Impacts include warmer temperatures that alter lake mixing regimes and availability of fish habitat; changed magnitude and seasonality of runoff regimes that alter nutrient loading and limit habitat availability at low flow; and loss of prairie pothole wetlands that reduces waterfowl populations. Many of the predicted changes in aquatic ecosystems are a consequence of climatic effects on terrestrial ecosystems; shifts in riparian vegetation and hydrology are particularly critical. We review models that could be used to explore potential effects of climate change on freshwater ecosystems; these include models of instream flow, bioenergetics models, nutrient spiraling models, and models relating riverine food webs to hydrologic regime. We discuss potential ecological risks, benefits, and costs of climate change and identify information needs and model improvements that are required to improve our ability to predict and identify climate change impacts and to evaluate management options.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1999.tb04222.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Effects of Bag Type and Meter Size on Seepage Meter Measurements (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water 37 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-6584
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: Seepage meters provide a useful, inexpensive method of measuring seepage flux through unconsolidated sediments in lakes, reservoirs, and stream channels. In the literature, the bag type used is usually not indicated, and its effect on seepage measurement has not been evaluated. The effects of bag type and seepage meter size have been evaluated in a laboratory setting.A sandbox 100.4 (L) × 76.2 (W) × 24 (H) cm size was half filled with coarse sand and water to a depth of 10 cm. Four seepage meters and two bag types (balloon and condom) were used in the seepage measurements.There was no significant difference between the seepage measurements obtained from the two bag types. A two-sample t-test (df=56, Wt-sat=2.58, alpha=0.01, p=0.0013) failed to reject the null hypothesis of similarity between measurements from the two bag types. The seepage measurements from four seepage meters were similar with no significant difference; however, the smaller diameter seepage meters had a greater variance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1999.tb01119.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The redox centers in the molybdo iron-sulfur flavoprotein CO dehydrogenase from the thermophilic carboxidotrophic bacterium Pseudomonas thermocarboxydovorans (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 176 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The redox centers in the molybdo iron-sulfur flavoprotein CO dehydrogenase from the thermophilic bacterium Pseudomonas thermocarboxydovorans were identified and characterized by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR). One mol of the 279-kDa dimer contained 1.9 mol of Mo, 2.2 mol of FAD, 6.9 mol of Fe and 6.7 mol of labile sulfide. The molybdenum cofactor is composed of a 1:1 mononuclear complex of molybdopterin-cytosine dinucleotide and the Mo ion. EPR spectroscopy revealed signals typical for Mo(V), FADH•, and type I and type II [2Fe-2S] centers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1999.tb13654.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The ferripyoverdine receptor FpvA of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 recognizes the ferripyoverdines of P. aeruginosa PAO1 and P. fluorescens ATCC 13525 (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 170 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: FpvA, the ferripyoverdine outer membrane receptor of Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 15692 (PAO1 strain), is not specific to the pyoverdine produced by PAO1, but is also able to recognize the structurally different (ferri)pyoverdine of P. fluorescens ATCC 13525. The specificity of FpvA was assessed by iron uptake competitions using the wild-type strains P. aeruginosa ATCC 15692 and P. fluorescens ATCC 13525 and their respective ferripyoverdines, and by fpvA gene complementation of a FpvA-deficient mutant of P. aeruginosa ATCC 15692. The receptor mutant was able to utilize none of the two pyoverdines, while the same but fpvA-complemented mutant recovered simultaneously the ability to incorporate iron thanks to each of the two siderophores. The broad specificity of recognition of FpvA is viewed as an advantage for the strain in iron competition. Moreover, it allows an interesting approach for the understanding of the recognition mechanism between a (ferri)pyoverdine and its cognate outer membrane receptor.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1999.tb13367.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Exceptional characteristics of heterotetrameric (α2β2) E1p of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex from Zymomonas mobilis: expression from an own promoter and a lipoyl domain in E1β (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 177 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: In the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDHC) of Zymomonas mobilis the β subunit of the pyruvate dehydrogenase (E1p) as well as the acetyltransferase (E2p) contain an N-terminal lipoyl domain. Both lipoyl domains were acetylated in vitro using 2-14C-pyruvate as a substrate, demonstrating that both lipoyl domains can accept acetyl groups from the E1 component. As previously shown the structural genes (pdhAαβ, pdhB, lpd) encoding the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex of Z. mobilis are located in two distinct gene clusters, pdhAαβ and pdhB-orf2-lpd (U. Neveling et al. (1998) J. Bacteriol. 180, 1540–1548). Analysis of pdh gene expression using lacZ fusions revealed that the DNA fragments upstream of pdhAα, pdhB and lpd each have promoter activities. These pdh promoter activities were 7–30-fold higher in Z. mobilis than in Escherichia coli.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1999.tb13721.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Formal Total Synthesis of Epothilone A (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1999 (1999), S. 2817-2823 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-193X
    Keywords: Epothilone A ; Ring-closing metathesis ; Aldol reactions ; Lactones ; Diastereoselective alkylation ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The formal total synthesis of epothilone A is described. The key steps in the synthesis of the northern hemisphere are a Z-selective ten-membered ring-closing metathesis reaction (RCM) and the diastereoselective alkylation at C8. Aldehyde 3 is formed by introduction of the thiazole moiety by a Wittig reaction and subsequent functional group transformation. An efficient route to keto acid 5 is described.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Simultaneous Measurement of Hydrocarbons and Sulfur Compounds using Flame Ionization and Sulfur Chemiluminescence Detection for Sulfur Simulated Distillation (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 22 (1999), S. 386-390 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Sulfur chemiluminescence detection ; sulfur simulated distillation ; boiling point distribution ; simultaneous FID/SCD analysis ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A gas chromatographic system for the simultaneous acquisition of hydrocarbon and sulfur chromatograms was developed. Detection of sulfur compounds is achieved using a sulfur chemiluminescence detector (SCD) mounted in series with a flame ionization detector (FID). A constant fraction of the effluent of the FID is transferred to the SCD by means of a fixed restrictor. Unlike previous versions of this approach, the FID is not used to generate the chemiluminescent sulfur species. Rather, the FID is operated under optimum conditions for hydrocarbon analysis and a furnace is used to generate the chemiluminescent sulfur species. The system permits dual acquisition of the hydrocarbon and sulfur signals in a single analysis with a single column, since the detectors are operated in a serial fashion. The application of sulfur simulated distillation using this approach was examined, since this requires simultaneous universal and sulfur selective detection. Precision of absolute response of both the FID and SCD was typically less than 2% RSD for a standard reference material.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Clusters on Clusters: closo-Dodecaborate as a Ligand for Au55 Clusters (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 1999 (1999), S. 2051-2055 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-1948
    Keywords: Gold clusters ; closo-Dodecaborate ; Conductivity ; Charging energy ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The exchange of PPh3 in Au55(PPh3)12Cl6 by Na2[B12H11SH] using a phase-transfer reaction from CH2Cl2 to water needs 6 weeks for reaction, but finally results in the quantitative formation of Au55[(B12H11SH)Na2]12Cl6 (2). Cluster 2, which is of considerable stability in aqueous solution, has been characterized by 1H-NMR, 11B-NMR, and IR spectroscopy as well as by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The Na+ cations can be exchanged by (octyl)4N+ making the resulting cluster 4 soluble in polar organic solvents. The electrical properties of 2 and 4 are compared with those of Au55[Ph2PC6H4SO3N(octyl)4]12Cl6 (3), the ammonium derivative of the sodium salt. Cluster 3 shows the expected increase of activation energy in the temperature range of 130-250 K owing to the increase of cluster spacing compared with the sodium derivative. However, clusters 2 and 4, show electromigration in the electric field, caused by the huge amount of ionic charges in the ligand shell.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Borane Insertion into Group-4 Metal-to-Carbon Bonds: The Reaction of HB(C6F5)2 with (η2-Formaldehyde)zirconocene Dimer and with (Butadiene)zirconocene (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 1999 (1999), S. 2243-2247 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-1948
    Keywords: Metallaoxirane ; HBR2 addition ; (Formaldehyde)zirconocene ; (Butadiene)zirconocene ; Heterocycles ; Boron ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: (η2-Formaldehyde)zirconocene dimer (8) cleanly adds one or two molar equivalents of the borane HB(C6F5)2 by insertion of the H-[B] unit into the zirconium-carbon bond of the metallaoxirane moieties to form the mono- and bis-insertion products 16 and 17, respectively. These systems contain five-membered heterocyclic rings that are built up by connecting five different elements, namely H, B, C, O, and Zr. The bis(borane) insertion product 17 was characterized by an X-ray crystal structure analysis. (Butadiene)zirconocene reacts with HB(C6F5)2 in a similar way by insertion of the H-[B] unit into the (butadiene)C4-Zr linkage to form the metallacycle 18.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Novel μ3-Coordination of Urea at a Nickel(II) Site: Structure, Reactivity and Ferromagnetic Superexchange (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 1999 (1999), S. 1851-1854 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-1948
    Keywords: Urea ; Nickel ; Coordination modes ; Cooperative effects ; Magnetic properties ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A tetranuclear mixed-spin nickel(II) complex featuring two urea molecules in an unprecedented μ3-ĸN:ĸN′:ĸO coordination mode has been structurally characterized. The two central high-spin nickel(II) ions exhibit ferromagnetic coupling (J = +3.4 cm-1) mediated by the NH2-C-O linkages of the bridging urea. In solution the temperature dependence of the UV/Vis optical absorption and of the magnetic moment indicate that, upon cooling, additional solvent molecules bind to the terminal low-spin metal ions and a concomitant spin change occurs. In the solid state the coordinated urea ligands can be thermally degraded to cyanate within the grip of the multimetallic nickel(II) site.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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