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  • Chemistry  (22)
  • Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
  • Magnetism
  • Natural products
  • 1995-1999  (22)
  • 1965-1969
  • 1998  (22)
  • 1
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Macrocyclic [4n + 2]-Hückel Aromatic Systems up to n = 9 and [4n] Antiaromatic Systems up to n = 10: Homologous Sequences from Tetraepoxy[24]annulene(2.0.2.0) to Tetraepoxy[40]annulene(12.0.12.0) and from the ‘Tetraoxa[22]porphyrin(2.0.2.0)-’ to the ‘Tetraoxa[38]porphyrin(12.0.12.0’-Dication1)2)Tetraepoxy[32]annulene(8.0.8.0) 3, tetraepoxy[36]annulene(10.0.10.0) 4, and tetraepoxy[40]annulene(12.0.12.0) 5 are synthesized and oxidized to give the ‘tetraoxa[30]-’, ‘tetraoxa[34]-’, and ‘tetraoxa[38]porphyrin’ dications 8-10. The annulenes as well as the ‘porphyrins’ are mixtures of at least two different configurational isomers, which can be analyzed by 1H-NMR techniques. Together with systems described already earlier, a complete homologous sequence from tetraepoxy[24]annulene(2.0.2.0) to tetraepoxy[40]annulene(12.1.12.0) and from ‘tetraoxa[22]porphyrin(2.0.2.0)’ to ‘tetraoxa[38]porphyrin(12.0.12.0)’ dications are available for the first time. The UV/VIS-absorptionmaxima in the annulene series are shifted to longer wavelengths with an increment of 12 nm per additional C=C bonds, and the Δδ values of the 1H-NMR spectra demonstrate a decreasing paratropic character (Δδ = 5.97 (1), 2.80 (3), and 4.23 ppm (4). The averaged λmax values of the Soret bands of the ‘tetraoxaporphyrin’ dications show a linear bathochromic shift with an increment Δδ of 58 nm per two additional double bonds, the absorptions of the most intensive Q-bands also increase linearly with an increment of ca. 160 nm. The Δδ values of the 1H-NMR spectra of the ‘tetraoxaporphyrin’ dications are increasing with the ring size (Δδ = 24.04 (7a) to 25.17 (9a) ppm), respectively, decreasing (Δδ = 21.55 (6) to 21.50 (9b) ppm) with a small maximum of 22.60 ppm for 7b, depending on the configuration of the isomers. The results confirm the antiaromatic character of the annulenes with up to 40π electrons and the aromatic character of the ‘tetraoxaporphyrin’ dications with up to 38π electrons.
    Additional Material: 18 Ill.
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  • 2
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Influence of mean stresses and mean strains on the cyclic deformation behavior and the plasticity-induced martensite formation of X6CrNiTi1810 stainless steelThis paper describes some aspects of the fatigue behavior of the metastable austenitic stainless steel X6CrNiTi1810 (German material number 1.4541). The aim of the present investigation is to determine the influence of plasticity-induced martensite formation on the cyclic deformation behaviour at room temperature and T = 300°C. Several specimen batches were tested under stress and total strain control with different R-values, a frequency of 5 Hz and triangular load-time functions, s̰-hysteresis and nondestructive magnetic measurements are used to characterize the fatigue behavior. Characteristic results are presented and discussed.
    Notes: Anhand von einstufigen spannungs- und totaldehnungskontrollierten Versuchen werden Zusammenhänge zwischen dem zyklischen Verformungsverhalten und der verformungsinduzierten Martensitbildung des metastabilen austenitischen Stahls X6CrNiTi1810 (Werkstoff-Nr. 1.4541) bei Raumtemperatur und T = 300°C untersucht. Besondere Beachtung findet hierbei der Einfluß von Mittelbeanspruchungen. Alle Versuche wurden mit einem dreieckförmigen Beanspruchung-Zeit-Verlauf und einer Frequenz von 5 Hz durchgeführt. Zur Charakterisierung des Wechselverformungsverhaltens dient neben den aus σ-Hysteresen ermittelten mechanischen Kennwerten, der on-line mittels eines Wirbelstromsensors gemessene magnetische Phasenanteil. Ausgewählte Versuchsergebnisse werden vorgestellt und diskutiert.
    Additional Material: 20 Ill.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Characterization of the Fatigue of Cyclically Loaded Welded Joints by X-Ray Diffraction and Micromagnetic TestingThe fatigue behaviour of welded Joints is influenced by the state of the material, its microstructure and residual stresses. By means of the micromagnetic Barkhausen-noise testing method in connection with x-ray diffraction the behaviour of cyclically loaded welded joints of the steel S355 is investigated. Proved by the results of the present investigations, the macro-and micro-residual stresses, micromagnetic and strain characteristic values are strongly connected with each other. Plastic deformations in the HAZ and base material during cyclic loading were identifies by a significant relaxation of the micro-residual stresses and a characteristic change in the micro-residual stresses determined by X-ray profile analysis. Analogous to the growing plastic strain amplitude an advancing damage process in the material is accompained by a significant change in the micromagnetic parameters. As a conclusion the micromagnetic testing method can be suited for the identification of fatigue processes in the material before a final damager of the specimen.
    Notes: Das Ermüdungsverhalten von Schweißnähten wird durch den Werkstoffzustand, die Gefüge-und Mikrostruktur und Eigenspannungen beeinflußt. Mit Hilfe des mikromagnetischen Meßverfahrens in Verbindung mit röntgenographischen Verfahren wurde das Werkstoffverhalten von zyklisch beanspruchten Schweißnähten des Baustahls S355 mit der Absicht einer Restlebensdauervorhersage untersucht. Die Vorliegenden Ergebnisse bestätigen die Auffassung, daß hierbei Makro- und Mikroeigenspannungen, magnetische Kennwerte und Dehnungskennwerte eng miteinander verknüpft sind. Die bei zyklischer Beanspruchung mit hinreichen großen Spannungsamplituden in Naht, WEZ und Grundwerkstoff eintretenden mikostrukturellen Veränderungen kamen einerseits in starken Veränderungen der Makroeigenspannungen zum Ausdruck und in Bereichen stärkerer Plastizierungen auch in Veränderungen der Mikroeigenspannungen, die sich aus der Röntgeninterferenzlinien-Profilanalyse ergaben. Andererseits waren die Mikrostrukturänderungen schon frühzeitig im Verlauf der zyklischen Beanspruchungen anhand z.T. sehr ausgeprägter Veränderungen der mikromagnetischen Kennwerte nachweisbar. Diese Ergebnisse lassen erwarten, daß sich die mit den mikrostrukturellen Werkstoffveränderungen verknüpfte fortschreitende Schädigung bis zur Entstehung von Makrorissen mit Hilfe des mikromagnetischen Meßverfahrens nachweisen läßt und so Aussagen über den Ermüdungszustand schwingbeanspruchter Bauteile möglich werden.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Large-volume on-column injection ; gas chromatography ; infrared spectrometry ; microcontaminants ; solid-phase extraction ; open-split interface ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: ---A large-volume on-column GC-cryotrapping-IR system was developed for injections of up to 100 μl of organic extracts. Considerable reduction of the solvent-and-water background and enhanced analyte detectability was achieved by using an open-split interface between the GC column and the IR detector and improving the leak-tightness of the system. The system was combined with solid-phase extraction to yield on-line SPE-GC-IR. With this set-up, sample volumes of only 20 ml sufficed to detect, and identify, microcontaminants in tap and surface water at the 0.1-1 μg/L level. Detection limits were on the order of 15 ng/L for tap water when using appropriate functional-group chromatograms. Or, in other words, SPE-GC-IR is a suitable technique for the screening of environmental water samples for functional groups, i.e. classes of compounds, of interest.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1434-193X
    Keywords: Asymmetric synthesis ; Nitrogen heterocycles ; N-Acyliminium ions ; PCP site ligands ; Pharmacological enantioselectivity ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A new method for the asymmetric synthesis of 1-substituted tetrahydroisoquinolines is presented. It is based on stereoselective addition reactions of organometallic compounds to the intermediate N-acyliminium ion 6, which is provided with an N-acyl group as a chiral auxiliary. In addition reactions with organomagnesium and organozinc reagents diastereoselectivities from 70:30 to 95:5 (for 7/8) were observed with the zinc reagents in general leading to markedly improved stereoselectivities. By catalytic hydrogenation of 7 and 8 and after removal of the chiral auxiliary the target compounds 11 and 12 were obtained. The enantiomerically pure 11c-g and 12c-g (ee 〉 99 %), 1-aryl-tetrahydroisoquinolines, were evaluated for their affinity to the PCP [1-(1-phenylcyclohexyl)piperidine] binding site of the NMDA (N-methyl D-aspartate) receptor. In each case the enantiomers 11 exhibited a higher affinity than those of 12, with the potencies of the enantiomers differing by a factor of 4 (11/12g) to 27 (11/12c). The absolute configuration of the more potent enantiomers 11 is in accordance with the stereochemical requirement found for FR115427 (3) which is a close analogue.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Bioluminescence and Chemiluminescence 13 (1998), S. 31-40 
    ISSN: 0884-3996
    Keywords: chemiluminescence ; 10-methyl-N-(sulphonyl)-9-acridinium carboxamide ; liquid chromatography ; derivatization ; carboxylic acids ; ibuprofen ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The synthesis of a new acridinium sulphonylamide label for the liquid chromatographic determination of carboxylic acids is described. The label 10-methyl-N-(p-tolyl)-N-(p-iodoacetamidobenzenesulphonyl)-9-acridinium carboxamide iodide is synthesized from 9-acridinecarboxylic acid by a seven-step reaction. Ibuprofen, used as test compound, is coupled to the reactive iodoacetamide group of the label by means of an alkylation reaction in dry acetonitrile for 20 min at 50°C in the presence of 18-crown-6 and potassium carbonate as base catalyst. The reaction mixture is injected into a liquid chromatographic system with chemiluminescence detection. Separation is performed on a Zorbax C18 column with acetonitrile-water-tetrahydrofuran (39:57:4, v/v/v) containing 10 mmol/L TBABr and 0.035% H2O2 as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min. Chemiluminescence detection is achieved by the post-column addition of 200 mmol/L potassium hydroxide dissolved in methanol-water (1:1, v/v) at a flow rate of 20 μL/min. The detection limit (S/N = 3) of derivatized ibuprofen is 60 pg (3 pg injected). © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 70 (1998), S. 1156-1157 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 70 (1998), S. 1101-1102 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 70 (1998), S. 1507-1516 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Reactive Distillation Processes Reactive distillation, i.e. the simultaneous implementation of reaction and distillation in a counter-current column, is a promising alternative to the conventional sequential processes. In a preceding paper the effective phase equilibrium of a reactive distillation was studied with a special focus on the determination of so-called reactive azeotropes. In this contribution, a knowledge of these thermodynamic fundamentals is applied to the conceptual design of reactive distillation processes. Furthermore, some process examples of technically important processes are presented.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
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