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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phytochrome gene diversity (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant, cell & environment 20 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The structures and functions of the phytochrome apoprotein genes (the PHY genes), their diversity across the plant kingdom, and their evolution are central concerns in the study of red-light sensing in plants. We summarize here recent advances in two areas relating to these topics: (1) the characteristics of the PHY gene family in Arabidopsis thaliana, the higher plant species for which the most extensive information on these genes is available, and (2) the similarity relationships, phylogeny, and evolutionary implications of PHY gene sequences and partial sequences which have been described from various plants. Together, these two areas of study, one directed at understanding in detail the phytochromes present in a single species and the other directed at a much broader understanding of PHY gene relatedness and distribution, are producing an increasingly clear picture of the diversity and evolution of plant red-light photoreceptors. Moreover, they suggest that the complexity of the phytochrome family has increased as land plants have evolved novel morphologies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3040.1997.d01-117.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Twenty-five years of social and environmental accounting research: Is there a silver jubilee to celebrate? (1997)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Accounting, auditing & accountability journal 10 (1997), S. 481-531 
    Details
    ISSN: 0951-3574
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Reviews 25 years of social and environmental accounting literature in an attempt to evaluate the position and answer the question posed in the title, as well as to provide a structure or classification for others to use. In order to structure the task, uses three time periods: 1971-1980; 1981-1990; and 1991-1995, and classifies the literature into several sub-groups including empirical studies, normative statements, philosophical discussion, non-accounting literature, teaching programmes and textbooks, regulatory frameworks, and other reviews. Attempts, after the classification, to synthesize an overall chronological position. Concludes that there is something to celebrate after 25 years. However, the continued success of this field is dependent on a relatively small number of researchers, writers, and specialized journals without which there would be the danger of a collapse of interest and a loss of what has been gained so far. Consequently, the provision of a place in the advanced undergraduate and graduate curriculum is a major task for the next decade. Argues that appropriately qualified and motivated professionals are needed to contribute to environmental policy and management in both the public and private sectors. However, appropriate educational programmes have not been evident to date.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/EUM0000000004417
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The influence of experience on service expectations (1997)
    Bingley : Emerald
    International journal of service industry management 8 (1997), S. 290-305 
    Details
    ISSN: 0956-4233
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: States that expectations play an important part in service quality. Currently, the most widely adopted view of service quality results from customers' expectations being met or exceeded. Surprisingly there is no clear consensus of what expectations actually are or what they do. There is only one widely applied way to measure them (SERVQUAL), an approach that is also widely criticized. Although the possible effect of many "controllable" factors on expectations has been alluded to, the effect of "uncontrollable" factors has not been thoroughly researched. Starts to redress the balance by defining expectations as a mixture of shoulds and wills; a cognitive melting-pot of what should, ideally, happen and what will realistically happen the next time the service is visited. Uses a reliable measuring instrument to measure these two different expectations and the effect of consumers' experience of the service on them. The results of the study demonstrate that experience of the service has a clear influence on expectations, at least within the context of the fast-food industry.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09564239710174381
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The attitudes of service industry managers towards upward appraisal (1997)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Career development international 2 (1997), S. 46-53 
    Details
    ISSN: 1362-0436
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Reports on the results from a survey of the attitudes of managers employed in the service sector towards upward appraisal. Describes what constitutes upward appraisal. Discusses recent developments in the UK and in particular its application in the service sector. Examines the factor most critical to the success of any appraisal system - its acceptability to the parties involved. Concludes with an examination of the implications of the findings for practitioners. The results indicate that strong feelings are held by some, both positive and negative, but these are difficult to attribute to particular groups. Many of the concerns expressed in the literature are found, on average, not to be major issues for service managers themselves.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/13620439710157498
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Crystallographic Study of Yeast Copper Amine Oxidase (1997)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 53 (1997), S. 364-370 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-0047
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: The copper-containing amine oxidase from the yeast Hansenula polymorpha (YAO) has been crystallized and partially solved by molecular replacement. It catalyzes the oxidative deamination of primary amines by molecular oxygen to the corresponding aldehydes, ammonia and hydrogen peroxide. It contains a covalently bound redox cofactor, topa quinone, generated by post-translational modification of a single tyrosine side chain. The crystals of YAO are orthorhombic, with space-group symmetry P212121 and unit-cell dimensions a = 138.8, b = 148.2, c = 234.0 Å and diffract X-rays beyond 2.0 Å resolution. Solution by molecular replacement using the E. coli amine oxidase structure [Parsons, Convery, Wilmot, Yadav, Blakeley, Corner, Philips, McPherson & Knowles (1995). Structure, 3, 1171–1184] as a search model reveals that there are three dimers in the asymmetric unit in a trigonal arrangement having 32 point-group symmetry. The solution agrees well with the self-rotation function of YAO. The non-crystallographic threefold axis lies parallel to a crystallographic twofold screw axis and each dimer has twofold symmetry. Phases from the refined model based on the molecular-replacement solution were used to solve one heavy-atom derivative. Model building from the unbiased isomorphous replacement phases is in progress.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0907444997000814
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    P1148A in fibrillin-1 is not a mutation anymore (1997)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature genetics 15 (1997), S. 12-12 
    Details
    ISSN: 1546-1718
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] Sir — Like mutations in most heritable disorders of connective tissue, fibrillin-1 (FBN1) mutations in the spectrum of the Marfan syndrome (MFS) are most often private (see ref. 1 for review). Thus, finding an identical molecular change in more than one affected individual or family has been ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ng0197-12
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Processing of spodumene-modified mullite ceramics (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 32 (1997), S. 3807-3812 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The use of β-spodumene (Li2O·Al2O3·4SiO2) has been investigated as a liquid-phase sintering aid for the densification of mullite processed from fumed silica and ESP (alumina) dust. XRD, DTA, SEM and Vickers indentation were used to characterize the effect of spodumene on the phase relations, sintering behaviour, microstructure and mechanical properties of mullite. The results show that the presence of spodumene significantly reduces the porosity, improves the sintering behaviour and enhances the formation of mullite at 1550°C. Spodumene-modified mullite ceramics also have better physical and mechanical properties.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018679808095
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Measurement of Void Size Correlation in Inhomogeneous Porous Media (1997)
    Springer
    Transport in porous media 28 (1997), S. 135-158 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1634
    Keywords: void size correlation ; inhomogeneous ; image analysis ; serial section ; variogram ; lamination ; stereology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Technology
    Notes: Abstract In previous works, we have described a void space reconstruction method based on non-wetting fluid intrusion, wetting fluid drainage, and image analysis data. The method has been applied to a wide range of substances, including sandstone, compressed and sintered powders, paper substrates and coatings, soil and fibrous mats. We have also demonstrated in a previous work that the spatial correlation of similarly sized voids within inhomogeneous porous media has a huge effect on permeability. We therefore describe a method of measuring such correlation, suitable for use in our void space reconstructions. The method involves a cubic spline smoothing of a variogram of the void sizes in a binary image of the porous medium. It has been successfully tested on an artificially correlated void network, comprising two sintered glass discs of different void size ranges. Stereological effects, caused by the off-centre sectioning of voids, can interfere with the variogram features. Our method is sh own to be insensitive to artificially generated stereological interference. The method is also applied to sandstone samples.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006570830804
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The mouse homolog of FRG1, a candidate gene for FSHD, maps proximal to the myodystrophy mutation on Chromosome 8 (1997)
    Springer
    Mammalian genome 8 (1997), S. 394 -398 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1777
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The human autosomal dominant neuromuscular disorder facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) is associated with deletions within a complex tandem DNA repeat (D4Z4) on Chromosome (Chr) 4q35. The molecular mechanism underlying this association of FSHD with DNA rearrangements is unknown, and, thus far, no gene has been identified within the repeat. We isolated a gene mapping 100 kb proximal to D4Z4 (FSHD Region Gene 1:FRG1), but were unable to detect any alterations in total or allele-specific mRNA levels of FRG1 in FSHD patients. Human Chr 4q35 exhibits synteny homology with the region of mouse Chr 8 containing the gene for the myodystrophy mutation (myd), a possible mouse homolog of FSHD. We report the cloning of the mouse gene (Frg1) and show that it maps to mouse Chr 8. Using a cross segregating the myd mutation and the European Collaborative Interspecific Backcross, we showed that Frg1 maps proximal to the myd locus and to the Clc3 and Ant1 genes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003359900454
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Adaptation of Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to a proteinase inhibitor expressed in transgenic tobacco (1997)
    Springer
    Molecular breeding 3 (1997), S. 371-380 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9788
    Keywords: proteinase inhibitor ; giant taro ; host plant resistance ; Helicoverpa armigera
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract A giant taro proteinase inhibitor (GTPI) cDNA was expressed in transgenic tobacco using three different gene constructs. The highest expression level obtained was ca. 0.3% of total soluble protein when the cDNA was driven by the Arabidopsis rbcS ats1 promoter. Repeated feeding trials with Helicoverpa armigera larvae fed on clonally derived T0 and T1 plants expressing GTPI demonstrated that, relative to those fed on control plants, some growth inhibition (22–40%) occurs, but there was no increase in larval mortality. Proteinase activities of larvae fed on GTPI-expressing tobacco or GTPI-containing diet were examined to monitor the spectrum of digestive proteinases in the midgut. Total proteinase activity was reduced by 13%, but GTPI-insensitive proteinase activity was increased by up to 17%. Trypsin was inhibited by 58%, but chymotrypsin and elastase were increased by 26% and 16% respectively. These results point to an adaptive mechanism in this insect that elevates the levels of other classes of proteinases to compensate for the trypsin activity inhibited by dietary proteinase inhibitors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009681323131
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