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  • Space Radiation  (34)
  • Aircraft Stability and Control
  • Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
  • GENERAL
  • ddc:330
  • 1995-1999  (52)
  • 1955-1959
  • 1997  (52)
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  • 1995-1999  (52)
  • 1955-1959
Year
  • 1
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    Real-Time Optical Flux Limits from Gamma-Ray Bursts Measured by the Gamma-Ray Optical Counterpart Search Experiment (1997)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Description: The Gamma-Ray Optical Counterpart Search Experiment presents new experimental upper limits on the optical flux from gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). Our experiment consisted of a fully automated very wide-field opto-electronic detection system that imaged locations of GRBs within a few seconds of receiving trigger signals provided by BATSE's real-time burst coordinate distribution network. The experiment acquired 3800 observing hours, recording 22 gamma-ray burst triggers within approx. 30 s of the start of the burst event. Some of these bursts were imaged while gamma-ray radiation was being detected by BATSE. We identified no optical counterparts associated with gamma-ray bursts among these events at the mV approx. 7.0-8.3 sensitivity level. We find the ratio of the upper limit to the V-band optical flux, F nu, to the gamma-ray fluence, Phi gamma, from these data to be 1 x 10(exp-18) less than F nu Phi gamma less than 2 x 10(exp -16).
    Keywords: Space Radiation
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; 490; 99
    Format: text
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    GC-MS determination of catechin and epicatechin levels in human plasma (1997)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 20 (1997), S. 621-623 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: GC-MS ; Catechin ; Epicatechin ; Flavonoids ; Plasma ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240201111
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 3
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    AXAF Detector Backgrounds Produced By Cosmic Ray Protons (1997)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-12-03
    Description: One of the science instruments on the Advanced X-ray Astrophysics Facility (AXAF), planned for launch in 1998 into a highly elliptical (10,000 km x 140,000 km) orbit, is a microchannel plate High Resolution Camera (HRC). This detector is designed to provide imaging and spectroscopic observations of x-rays emitted by stellar sources in the 0.1 to 10 keV energy range. Described here are analyses made to determine the expected time-dependent detector background from prompt and delayed (activation) radiation initiated by galactic cosmic-ray (GCR) proton interactions in the spacecraft and payload. Numerical simulations were made using the coupled set of Monte Carlo radiation transport codes, analysis software, and data bases shown. The major codes are HETC for nucleon-meson transport, EGS for simulating electromagnetic cascades, and MORSE for low-energy (less than 15 MeV) neutron transport. The simulation follows the transport history of photons in the energy range from - 100 GeV down to approx. 0.1 keV due to gamma-ray sources from neutral pion decay, high-energy (spallation) collisions, and low-energy neutron inelastic scattering and capture reactions. Also included is radioisotope production and the tracking of gamma-rays, electrons, and positrons from induced radioactivity.
    Keywords: Space Radiation
    Type: Second Conference on the High Energy Radiation Background in Space; 11-14; NASA-CP-3353
    Format: text
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  • 4
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    The Identification of Two Different Spectral Types of Pulses in Gamma-Ray Bursts (1997)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-23
    Description: It is shown in this study that two different types of spectral emission are generally produced in gamma-ray bursts. A subset of bursts is identified that exhibits a marked lack of fluence above 300 keV, and these bursts are shown to have luminosities about an order of magnitude lower than bursts with significant fluence above 300 keV. The bursts lacking emission above 300 keV exhibit an effectively homogeneous intensity distribution. In addition, it is shown that both types of emission are common in many bursts, demonstrating that a single source object is capable of generating both of them. These results strongly favor a gamma-ray burst source object that produces two different types of emission with varying degrees of superposition. The impact of this behavior is strong enough that it affects the properties of the burst intensity distribution, as well as the burst spectral characteristics.
    Keywords: Space Radiation
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; Volume 489; 175-198
    Format: text
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  • 5
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    The Identification of Two Different Spectral Types of Pulses in Gamma-Ray Bursts (1997)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Description: It is shown in this study that two different types of spectral emission are generally produced in gamma-ray bursts. A subset of bursts is identified that exhibits a marked lack of fluence above 300 keV, and these bursts are shown to have luminosities about an order of magnitude lower than bursts with significant fluence above 300 keV. The bursts lacking emission above 300 keV exhibit an effectively homogeneous intensity distribution. In addition, it is shown that both types of emission are common in many bursts, demonstrating that a single source object is capable of generating both of them. These results strongly favor a gamma-ray burst source object that produces two different types of emission with varying degrees of superposition. The impact of this behavior is strong enough that it affects the properties of the burst intensity distribution, as well as the burst spectral characteristics.
    Keywords: Space Radiation
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; 489; 175
    Format: text
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  • 6
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    Ulysses and WIND simultaneous observations of the radio emission associated with the 6-7 January 1997 coronal mass ejection (1997)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-12-03
    Description: The three dimensional source location of interplanetary type 2 radio bursts is intended to be determined from two spacecraft observations, performed by the radio receivers onboard the WIND and Ulysses spacecraft and associated with the interplanetary coronal mass ejection detected by the large advanced spectrometer coronagraph (LASCO) from the SOHO spacecraft. The intensity time profiles recorded by WIND and Ulysses were compared and their directivity is found to vary from one component of radio emission to another. The three dimensional location was obtained by radio triangulation and was deduced from the direction measured at WIND and the difference of the arrival times measured at both spacecraft. The sensitivity of both determination methods to wave scattering and refraction was discussed.
    Keywords: Space Radiation
    Type: Proceedings of the 31st ESALB Symposium on Correlated Phenomena at the Sun, in the Heliosphere and in Geospace; 429-430; ESA-SP-415
    Format: text
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  • 7
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    Neutron Induced Backgrounds In the MIXE X-Ray Detector at Balloon Altitudes (1997)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-12-03
    Description: The MIXE detector developed at NASA/MSFC is designed for x-ray astronomy and consists of a multiwire proportional counter sensitive to photons less than 150 keV. The detector has been flown on several balloon flights with higher than expected background levels observed. Previous predictions of the detector background due to atmospheric gamma-ray and cosmic diffuse sources were much less (factor of 3) than flight background measurements. The work reported here was undertaken to determine if the additional contribution from gamma-rays generated by albedo and cosmic-ray induced neutrons in the detector and payload assembly could account for the background levels observed. Monte Carlo nuclear interaction and radiation transport simulations were made for the ambient cosmic-ray environment corresponding to a previous MEE balloon flight at 3 g/cm(exp 2) residual atmosphere and 42 N geomagnetic latitude. The omnidirectional albedo neutron spectrum and the GCR proton spectrum which were used as input to the calculations are shown. For the albedo angular distribution, the predicted up/down flux ratio of 2.5 was used together with the angular dependence measured by Preszler, et al.
    Keywords: Space Radiation
    Type: Conference on the High Energy Radiation Background in Space; 15-18; NASA-CP-3353
    Format: text
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  • 8
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    Spectral Analysis in High Radiation Space Backgrounds with Robust Fitting (1997)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-12-03
    Description: Spectral analysis software is tested for its ability to fit spectra from space. The approach, which emphasizes the background shape function, is uniquely suited to the identification of weak-strength nuclides in high-radiation background environments.
    Keywords: Space Radiation
    Type: Conference on the High Energy Radiation Background in Space; 65-67; NASA-CP-3353
    Format: text
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  • 9
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    The source and distribution of Galactic positrons (1997)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The oriented scintillation spectrometer experiment (OSSE) observations of the Galactic plane and the Galactic center region were combined with observations acquired with other instruments in order to produce a map of the Galactic 511 keV annihilation radiation. Two mapping techniques were applied to the data: the maximum entropy method, and the basis pursuit inversion method. The resulting maps are qualitatively similar and show evidence for a central bulge and a weak galactic disk component. The weak disk is consistent with that expected from positrons produced by the decay of radioactive Al-26 in the interstellar medium. Both maps suggest an enhanced region of emission near l = -4 deg, b = 7 deg, with a flux of approximately 50 percent of that of the bulge. The existence of this emission appears significant, although the location is not well determined. The source of this enhanced emission is presently unknown.
    Keywords: Space Radiation
    Type: Proceedings of 2nd INTEGRAL Workshop 'The Transparent Universe'; 67-70; ESA-SP-382
    Format: text
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  • 10
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    Overview of HZETRN and BRNTRN Space Radiation Shielding Codes (1997)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-06-02
    Description: The NASA Radiation Health Program has supported basic research over the last decade in radiation physics to develop ionizing radiation transport codes and corresponding data bases for the protection of astronauts from galactic and solar cosmic rays on future deep space missions. The codes describe the interactions of the incident radiations with shield materials where their content is modified by the atomic and nuclear reactions through which high energy heavy ions are fragmented into less massive reaction products and reaction products are produced as radiations as direct knockout of shield constituents or produced as de-excitation products in the reactions. This defines the radiation fields to which specific devices are subjected onboard a spacecraft. Similar reactions occur in the device itself which is the initiating event for the device response. An overview of the computational procedures and data base with some applications to photonic and data processing devices will be given.
    Keywords: Space Radiation
    Format: application/pdf
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