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  • Articles  (1,266)
  • Oxford University Press  (590)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (411)
  • Nature Publishing Group  (265)
  • Springer Science + Business Media
  • 1995-1999  (1,266)
  • 1996  (1,266)
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  • Articles  (1,266)
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  • 1995-1999  (1,266)
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  • 1
    Publication Date: 1996-10-25
    Description: The human genome is thought to harbor 50,000 to 100,000 genes, of which about half have been sampled to date in the form of expressed sequence tags. An international consortium was organized to develop and map gene-based sequence tagged site markers on a set of two radiation hybrid panels and a yeast artificial chromosome library. More than 16,000 human genes have been mapped relative to a framework map that contains about 1000 polymorphic genetic markers. The gene map unifies the existing genetic and physical maps with the nucleotide and protein sequence databases in a fashion that should speed the discovery of genes underlying inherited human disease. The integrated resource is available through a site on the World Wide Web at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/SCIENCE96/.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schuler, G D -- Boguski, M S -- Stewart, E A -- Stein, L D -- Gyapay, G -- Rice, K -- White, R E -- Rodriguez-Tome, P -- Aggarwal, A -- Bajorek, E -- Bentolila, S -- Birren, B B -- Butler, A -- Castle, A B -- Chiannilkulchai, N -- Chu, A -- Clee, C -- Cowles, S -- Day, P J -- Dibling, T -- Drouot, N -- Dunham, I -- Duprat, S -- East, C -- Edwards, C -- Fan, J B -- Fang, N -- Fizames, C -- Garrett, C -- Green, L -- Hadley, D -- Harris, M -- Harrison, P -- Brady, S -- Hicks, A -- Holloway, E -- Hui, L -- Hussain, S -- Louis-Dit-Sully, C -- Ma, J -- MacGilvery, A -- Mader, C -- Maratukulam, A -- Matise, T C -- McKusick, K B -- Morissette, J -- Mungall, A -- Muselet, D -- Nusbaum, H C -- Page, D C -- Peck, A -- Perkins, S -- Piercy, M -- Qin, F -- Quackenbush, J -- Ranby, S -- Reif, T -- Rozen, S -- Sanders, C -- She, X -- Silva, J -- Slonim, D K -- Soderlund, C -- Sun, W L -- Tabar, P -- Thangarajah, T -- Vega-Czarny, N -- Vollrath, D -- Voyticky, S -- Wilmer, T -- Wu, X -- Adams, M D -- Auffray, C -- Walter, N A -- Brandon, R -- Dehejia, A -- Goodfellow, P N -- Houlgatte, R -- Hudson, J R Jr -- Ide, S E -- Iorio, K R -- Lee, W Y -- Seki, N -- Nagase, T -- Ishikawa, K -- Nomura, N -- Phillips, C -- Polymeropoulos, M H -- Sandusky, M -- Schmitt, K -- Berry, R -- Swanson, K -- Torres, R -- Venter, J C -- Sikela, J M -- Beckmann, J S -- Weissenbach, J -- Myers, R M -- Cox, D R -- James, M R -- Bentley, D -- Deloukas, P -- Lander, E S -- Hudson, T J -- HG00098/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- HG00206/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- HG00835/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 Oct 25;274(5287):540-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, 8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8849440" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Cell Line ; *Chromosome Mapping ; Chromosomes, Artificial, Yeast ; Computer Communication Networks ; DNA, Complementary/genetics ; Databases, Factual ; Gene Expression ; Genetic Markers ; *Genome, Human ; *Human Genome Project ; Humans ; Multigene Family ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid ; Sequence Tagged Sites
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 1996-08-16
    Description: Small synthetic molecules termed growth hormone secretagogues (GHSs) act on the pituitary gland and the hypothalamus to stimulate and amplify pulsatile growth hormone (GH) release. A heterotrimeric GTP-binding protein (G protein)-coupled receptor (GPC-R) of the pituitary and arcuate ventro-medial and infundibular hypothalamus of swine and humans was cloned and was shown to be the target of the GHSs. On the basis of its pharmacological and molecular characterization, this GPC-R defines a neuroendocrine pathway for the control of pulsatile GH release and supports the notion that the GHSs mimic an undiscovered hormone.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Howard, A D -- Feighner, S D -- Cully, D F -- Arena, J P -- Liberator, P A -- Rosenblum, C I -- Hamelin, M -- Hreniuk, D L -- Palyha, O C -- Anderson, J -- Paress, P S -- Diaz, C -- Chou, M -- Liu, K K -- McKee, K K -- Pong, S S -- Chaung, L Y -- Elbrecht, A -- Dashkevicz, M -- Heavens, R -- Rigby, M -- Sirinathsinghji, D J -- Dean, D C -- Melillo, D G -- Patchett, A A -- Nargund, R -- Griffin, P R -- DeMartino, J A -- Gupta, S K -- Schaeffer, J M -- Smith, R G -- Van der Ploeg, L H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 Aug 16;273(5277):974-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8688086" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Cell Line ; Codon ; DNA, Complementary/genetics ; GTP-Binding Proteins/metabolism ; Growth Hormone/*secretion ; Hormones/*metabolism ; Humans ; Hypothalamus, Middle/chemistry ; Indoles/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Macaca mulatta ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Oligopeptides/*metabolism ; Pituitary Gland/chemistry ; RNA, Complementary/genetics ; Rats ; Receptors, Cell Surface/analysis/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; *Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled ; Receptors, Ghrelin ; Spiro Compounds/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Swine
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The observed spatial patterns of temperature change in the free atmosphere from 1963 to 1987 are similar to those predicted by state-of-the-art climate models incorporating various combinations of changes in carbon dioxide, anthropogenic sulphate aerosol and stratospheric ozone ...
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] We report that ICV administration of GLP-1 reduces food intake in fasted rats, with greater effect at higher doses (Fig. Ib). ICV injection of GLP-1 in rats at the beginning of the dark (feeding) phase also results in a profound decrease in feeding (Fig. la). When administered intraperitoneally up ...
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] We compared brain MAO B in smokers and non-smokers using positron emission tomography (PET) and deuterium substituted [uC]L-deprenyl ([uC]L-deprenyl-D2), a radiotracer which binds irreversibly to MAO B, labelling it in vivo6'''. The influx constant (Ki) (ref. 8), which is a function of MAO B ...
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 1996-12-20
    Description: Interfacially active block copolymer amphiphiles have been synthesized and their self-assembly into micelles in supercritical carbon dioxide (CO2) has been demonstrated with small-angle neutron scattering (SANS). These materials establish the design criteria for molecularly engineered surfactants that can stabilize and disperse otherwise insoluble matter into a CO2 continuous phase. Polystyrene-b-poly(1,1-dihydroperfluorooctyl acrylate) copolymers self-assembled into polydisperse core-shell-type micelles as a result of the disparate solubility characteristics of the different block segments in CO2. These nonionic surfactants for CO2 were shown by SANS to be capable of emulsifying up to 20 percent by weight of a CO2-insoluble hydrocarbon into CO2. This result demonstrates the efficacy of surfactant-modified CO2 in reducing the large volumes of organic and halogenated solvent waste streams released into our environment by solvent-intensive manufacturing and process industries.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McClain -- Betts -- Canelas -- Samulski -- DeSimone -- Londono -- Cochran -- Wignall -- Chillura-Martino -- Triolo -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 Dec 20;274(5295):2049-52.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉J. B. McClain, D. E. Betts, D. A. Canelas, E. T. Samulski, J. M. DeSimone, Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, CB 3290, Venable and Kenan Laboratories, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA. J. D. Londono, H. D. Cochran, G. D. Wignall, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA. D. Chillura-Martino and R. Triolo, Departimento di Chimica Fisica, University of Palermo, 90123 Palermo, Italy.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8953029" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 1996-10-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schuler, G D -- Boguski, M S -- Hudson, T J -- Hui, L -- Ma, J -- Castle, A B -- Wu, X -- Silva, J -- Nusbaum, H C -- Birren, B B -- Slonim, D K -- Rozen, S -- Stein, L D -- Page, D -- Lander, E S -- Stewart, E A -- Aggarwal, A -- Bajorek, E -- Brady, S -- Chu, S -- Fang, N -- Hadley, D -- Harris, M -- Hussain, S -- Hudson, J R Jr -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 Oct 25;274(5287):547-62.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8928009" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Chromosome Mapping ; DNA, Complementary/genetics ; Gene Expression ; Gene Library ; Genetic Diseases, Inborn/genetics ; Genetic Markers ; *Genome, Human ; *Human Genome Project ; Humans ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; Sequence Tagged Sites
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 1996-11-22
    Description: Despite its high prevalence, very little is known regarding genetic predisposition to prostate cancer. A genome-wide scan performed in 66 high-risk prostate cancer families has provided evidence of linkage to the long arm of chromosome 1 (1q24-25). Analysis of an additional set of 25 North American and Swedish families with markers in this region resulted in significant evidence of linkage in the combined set of 91 families. The data provide strong evidence of a major prostate cancer susceptibility locus on chromosome 1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Smith, J R -- Freije, D -- Carpten, J D -- Gronberg, H -- Xu, J -- Isaacs, S D -- Brownstein, M J -- Bova, G S -- Guo, H -- Bujnovszky, P -- Nusskern, D R -- Damber, J E -- Bergh, A -- Emanuelsson, M -- Kallioniemi, O P -- Walker-Daniels, J -- Bailey-Wilson, J E -- Beaty, T H -- Meyers, D A -- Walsh, P C -- Collins, F S -- Trent, J M -- Isaacs, W B -- CA58236/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 Nov 22;274(5291):1371-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉National Center for Human Genome Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA. jtrent@nchgr.nih.gov〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8910276" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; *Chromosome Mapping ; *Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1 ; Dinucleotide Repeats ; *Genes ; Genetic Linkage ; Genetic Markers ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Humans ; Likelihood Functions ; Male ; Middle Aged ; North America ; Oncogenes ; Pedigree ; Prostatic Neoplasms/*genetics ; Risk Factors ; Statistics, Nonparametric ; Sweden
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 1996-06-14
    Description: Analyses of fossil mammal faunas from 2945 localities in the United States demonstrate that the geographic ranges of individual species shifted at different times, in different directions, and at different rates in response to late Quaternary environmental fluctuations. The geographic pattern of faunal provinces was similar for the late Pleistocene and late Holocene, but differing environmental gradients resulted in dissimilar species composition for these biogeographic regions. Modern community patterns emerged only in the last few thousand years, and many late Pleistocene communities do not have modern analogs. Faunal heterogeneity was greater in the late Pleistocene.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Graham -- Lundelius Jr -- Schroeder -- Toomey III -- Anderson -- Barnosky -- Burns -- Churcher -- Grayson -- Guthrie -- Harington -- Jefferson -- Martin -- McDonald -- Morlan -- Semken Jr -- Webb -- Werdelin -- Wilson -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 Jun 14;272(5268):1601-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉R. W. Graham, M. A. Graham, E. K. Schroeder, and R. S. Toomey III are at Research and Collections Center, Illinois State Museum, 1011 East Ash, Springfield, IL 62703, USA. E. L. Lundelius Jr., Department of Geological Sciences, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA. E. Anderson, Denver Museum of Natural History, Denver, CO 80205, USA. A. D. Barnosky, Mountain Research Center, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59715, USA. J. A. Burns, Provincial Museum of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T5N 0M6. C. S. Churcher, Department of Zoology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A1. D. K. Grayson, Department of Anthropology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA. R. D. Guthrie, Department of Biology, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, AK 99701, USA. C. R. Harington, Earth Sciences Section (Paleobiology), Canadian Museum of Nature, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1P 6P4. G. T. Jefferson, Anza-Borrego Desert State Park, 200 Palm Canyon Drive, Borrego Springs, CA 92004, USA. L. D. Martin, Museum of Natural History, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA. H. G. McDonald, Hagerman Fossil Beds National Monument, Post Office Box 570, Hagerman, ID 83332, USA. R. E. Morlan, Canadian Museum of Civilization, Post Office Box 3100 Station B, Hull, Quebec, Canada J8X 4H2. H. A. Semken Jr., Department of Geology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA. S. D. Webb, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA. L. Werdelin, Department of Paleozoology, Swedish Museum, Box 50007, S-104 05 Stockholm, Sweden. M. C. Wilson, Department of Archaeology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada V5A 1S6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8662471" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Facial expressions are a mechanism through which internal emotional states and intentions become available as external signals, consequently the face is vital in social cognition1'9'10. The primate amygdala is thought to be involved in processing facial expression and in controlling emotional and ...
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