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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis and properties of poly(dipropargyl-16-crown-5) (1996)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 36 (1996), S. 391-398 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary We have synthesized a polyacetylene derivative, poly(dipropargyl-16-crown-5), through the cyclopolymerization of the corresponding monomer by metathesis catalysts. The polymer containing crown-ether units was characterized by spectroscopic and thermal techniques. The polymer structure is believed to be a cyclized from with both five- and sixmembered rings. The polymer exhibits high cation-binding properties and ionochromic effects. The order of the selectivity of alkali- metal cations for both the monomer and the polymer was found to be Na+〉K+〉Li+ and the polymer shows the largest red shift by approximately 40 nm in λmax for Na+.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00315054
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Design of a force reflection controller for telerobot systems using neural network and fuzzy logic (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of intelligent and robotic systems 16 (1996), S. 1-24 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0409
    Keywords: (3) Teleoperation ; and (5) Intelligent systems / Intelligent control / Fuzzy control ; Telerobot ; force-reflection gain ; neural network ; fuzzy logic
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract This paper presents a new method for selecting the force-reflection gain in a position-force type bilateral teleoperation system. The force-reflection gain greatly affects the task performance of a teleoperation system; too small gain results in poor task performance while too large gain results in system instability. The maximum boundary of the gain guaranteeing the stability greatly depends upon characteristics of the elements in the system such as: a master arm which is combined with the human operator's hand and the environments with which the slave arm contacts. In normal practice, it is, therefore, very difficult to determine such maximum boundary of the gain. To overcome this difficulty, this paper proposes a force-reflection gain selecting algorithm based on artificial neural network and fuzzy logic. The method estimates characteristics of the master arm and the environments by using neural networks and, then, determines the force-reflection gain from the estimated characteristics by using fuzzy logic. In order to show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm, a series of experiments are conducted under various conditions of teleoperation using a laboratory-made telerobot system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00309653
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Optimization of environmental factors for the production and handling of recombinant retrovirus (1996)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 45 (1996), S. 477-483 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract Certain steps from the production to infection of the amphotrophic retroviral vector, MFG-LacZ, were optimized and the factors that affect retroviral titers were analyzed. Retroviral vector titers were highest when the culture supernatant was harvested 3 days after the producer cells had reached confluence. About a 2-fold increase in vector production was achieved at 32°C compared to that at 37°C. Low serum concentrations had no significant effect on the titers of virus produced by the CRIP cell line. Retroviral vectors were stable at 4°C but very unstable at 37°C and were quite sensitive to freezing and thawing. About 30%–50% of viral infectivity was lost during the thawing step and the loss was not recovered by the addition of commonly used cryoprotectants. Increase in viral exposure time for infection to target NIH3T3 cells was linearly proportional to the retroviral titer for up to 15 h. In addition, using DEAE-dextran in place of polybrene as a polycation during infection enhanced infection efficiency about 3-fold. The retrovirus was robust to simple ultrafiltration and its titer could be easily concentrated 16-fold. Taken together, our data suggest that at least a 100-fold increase in titer can be achieved with simple optimization.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00578459
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pattern transfer and photoluminescence damage assessment of deep-submicrometer features etched by photon-induced cryoetching (1996)
    Springer
    Applied physics 63 (1996), S. 143-151 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: PACS: 81.60. ; j; 79.20.Ds; 78.55. ; m
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract.  We present a study of pattern-transfer and etch-induced damage in photon-induced cryoetching. Features with effective radii as small as ≈100 nm have been formed in both bulk and layered GaAs/AlGaAs materials. A measurement of the photoluminescence of etch-defined deep-submicrometer structures material suggests that this form of etching results in minimal process-induced damage. Modeling of the luminescence vs feature size for these features shows that the luminescence is limited only by carrier diffusion and non-radiative surface recombination.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01567642
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Optimization of environmental factors for the production and handling of recombinant retrovirus (1996)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 45 (1996), S. 477-483 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract  Certain steps from the production to infection of the amphotropic retroviral vector, MFG-LacZ, were optimized and the factors that affect retroviral titers were analyzed. Retroviral vector titers were highest when the culture supernatant was harvested 3 days after the producer cells had reached confluence. About a 2-fold increase in vector production was achieved at 32°C compared to that at 37°C. Low serum concentrations had no significant effect on the titers of virus produced by the CRIP cell line. Retroviral vectors were stable at 4°C but very unstable at 37°C and were quite sensitive to freezing and thawing. About 30%–50% of viral infectivity was lost during the thawing step and the loss was not recovered by the addition of commonly used cryoprotectants. Increase in viral exposure time for infection to target NIH3T3 cells was linearly proportional to the retroviral titer for up to 15 h. In addition, using DEAE–dextran in place of polybrene as a polycation during infection enhanced infection efficiency about 3-fold. The retrovirus was robust to simple ultrafiltration and its titer could be easily concentrated 16-fold. Taken together, our data suggest that at least a 100-fold increase in titer can be achieved with simple optimization.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00578459
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pattern transfer and photoluminescence damage assessment of deep-submicrometer features etched by photon-induced cryoetching (1996)
    Springer
    Applied physics 63 (1996), S. 143-151 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 81.60. - j ; 79.20.Ds ; 78.55. - m
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract We present a study of pattern-transfer and etch-induced damage in photon-induced cryoetching. Features with effective radii as small as ≈ 100 nm have been formed in both bulk and layered GaAs/AlGaAs materials. A measurement of the photoluminescence of etch-defined deep- submicrometer structures material suggests that this form of etching results in minimal process-induced damage. Modeling of the luminescence vs feature size for these features shows that the luminescence is limited only by carrier diffusion and non-radiative surface recombination.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01567642
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Policies and criteria on accreditation of testing laboratories in Korea (1996)
    Springer
    Accreditation and quality assurance 1 (1996), S. b223 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0517
    Keywords: Key words Accredication criteria ; Korean Laboratory Accreditation Scheme ; Accreditation policies ; Surveillance ; Reassessment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract  Policies and criteria for the accreditation of testing laboratories in Korea are reviewed according to the laws and regulations within the organizational framework. According to the Weights and Measures Act, the administrator of Korean Industrial Advancement Administration (KIAA) may accredit qualified testing laboratories in Korea. Criteria, procedures, and surveillance of accredited laboratories are specified in the Enforcement Regulation of the Weights and Measures Act drawn up by the Ministry of Trade, Industry, and Energy. Further detailed accreditation criteria and processes are prescribed in the Operation Guideline for the Accreditation of Testing Laboratories prepared by the KIAA. The Korean Laboratory Accreditation Scheme (KOLAS) of the KIAA is the authorized representative institution for the accreditation of testing laboratories in compliance with the ISO Guides 25/58 and the Operation Guideline for the Accreditation of Testing Laboratories. Finally, the current status of accredited laboratories in Korea is briefly described.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00010404
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification of archaeogastropod larvae from a hydrothermal vent community (1996)
    Springer
    Marine biology 124 (1996), S. 551-560 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Dispersal is essential in order that endemic species living in ephemeral, patchy vent environments may persist over evolutionary time. Quantitative field studies of larval dispersal, however, require specieslevel identification of the larval forms because each individual must be distinguished from related vent species, and from non-vent species living in the surrounding deep-sea environment. Methods for culturing these larvae to an identifiable stage have not yet been developed. To solve the larval identification problem for the archaeogastropod molluscs (a prominent component of vent communities), we used a scanning electron microscope (SEM) to image shells of larvae collected in the water column near vents along the East Pacific Rise (9°40′ to 9°50′N; 104°W). Larval shell size, shape and ornamentation were compared to protoconchs retained in juvenile or adult shells of identified species, and used to assign five larval groups unequivocally to species (Cyathermia naticoides Warén and Bouchet, 1989; Neomphalus fretterae McLean, 1981; Clypeosectus delectus McLean, 1989; Rhynchopelta concentrica McLean, 1989; and Lirapex granularis Warén and Bouchet, 1989) and seven groups tentatively to species or genus [Lepetodrilus spp. (three groups); Gorgoleptis sp; Peltospira ?operculata McLean, 1989; and ?Melanodrymia sp. (two groups)].
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00351036
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Measurement of muon transfer rate λpt and molecular formation rate λppµ, in solid hydrogen targets, in solid hydrogen targets (1996)
    Springer
    Hyperfine interactions 101-102 (1996), S. 229-237 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9540
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The knowledge of muon transfer from protium to tritium is essentially theoretical and the different theoretical values disagree partially. Using solid hydrogen-tritium targets, with different tritium concentrations, we obtained precise experimental results for the transfer rate to tritium and the ppµ molecular formation rate. The time spectra of neutrons and alpha particles produced after dtµ fusion are used to determine the transfer rate λpt and the molecule formation rate λppµ.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02227627
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Muon-catalyzed fusion in deuterium at 3 K (1996)
    Springer
    Hyperfine interactions 101-102 (1996), S. 21-28 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9540
    Keywords: muon-catalyzed fusion ; deuterium ; solid
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Muon-catalyzed fusion in deuterium has traditionally been studied in gaseous and liquid targets. The TRIUMF solid hydrogen layer target system has been used to study the fusion reaction rates in the solid phase at a target temperature of 3 K. Both branches of the cycle were observed; neutrons by a liquid organic scintillator, and protons by a silicon detector located inside the target system. The effective molecular formation rate from the upper hyperfine state and the spin exchange rate have been measured, and information on the branching ratio parameters has been extracted.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02227602
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