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  • American Geophysical Union  (31)
  • Blackwell Publishing Ltd  (23)
  • Public Library of Science (PLoS)
  • 2015-2019
  • 1995-1999  (54)
  • 1970-1974
  • 1996  (54)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Population Genetic Analyses of Transplanted Eelgrass (Zostera marina) Beds Reveal Reduced Genetic Diversity in Southern California (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Restoration ecology 4 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1526-100X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Seagrass ecosystems fulfill ecologically and economically valuable functions in coastal marine environments. Unfortunately, seagrass beds are susceptible to natural and human disturbances, and their distrubution is declining worldwide. Although intentional disturbance of seagrass beds must be mitigated pursuant to U.S. law, to date mitigation of seagrass beds has not prevented a net loss of habitat. Transplantation of vegetative material from small areas of nearby beds is the primary method of seagrass mitigation. Restoration research on seagrasses has focused primarily on establishment of the plants and secondarily on the functional equivalency of the habitats. We questioned whether transplanted seagrass beds were comparable to “natural” beds in terms of genetic diversity and structure. We sampled Zostera marina L. (eel-grass) from 12 sites in the highly urbanized area of San Diego County and from pristine sites in Baja California. Using allozyme electrophoresis, we determined that genetic diversity (percentage of polymorphic loci, allele richness, expected and observed heterozygosities, and proportion of genetically unique individuals) was significantly reduced in transplanted eelgrass beds. Eelgrass from Baja California exhibited the highest genetic diversity. Based on Wright's F statistics, most of the genetic variation was distributed within rather than among sites (FST= 0.139), and the degree of genetic structure was only moderate at the greatest geographical scale (San Diego—Baja). Using a spatial statistical analysis (second-order analysis), we found virtually no evidence for nonrandom distribution of alleles or genotypes at scales of 3–50 m within beds. We discuss several hypotheses for reduced genetic diversity in transplanted eelgrass beds, including transplantation protocol, small size of transplantations, and reduced or failed sexual reproduction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1526-100X.1996.tb00117.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    First Aid for the Aid Budget (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Economic affairs 16 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0270
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0270.1996.tb00552.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bivalent Attributes of the Family Firm (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Family business review 9 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1741-6248
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: Although family-owned and managed firms are the predominant form of business organization in the world today, little systematic research exists on these companies. This paper builds upon insights found in the emerging literature on these enterprises and upon our own observations to provide a conceptual frame-work to better understand these complex organizations. We introduce the concept of the Bivalent Attributes–a unique, inherent feature of an organization that is the source of both advantages and disadvantages–to explain the dynamics of the family firm.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-6248.1996.00199.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Human Interleukin-12 Upregulates Proliferation and Interferon- γ Production by Parasite Antigen-Stimulated Th Cell Clones and γ/δ T Cells of Cattle (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 795 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1996.tb52682.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of Timing of Seed Deployment on Growth and Mortality of Oysters, Crassostrea virginica, Affected by Juvenile Oyster Disease (JOD) (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the World Aquaculture Society 27 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-7345
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract.— Mortality of oysters, Crassostrea virginica, caused by Juvenile Oyster Disease (JOD) has been a chronic problem the northeastern United States since 1988. To assist in identifying potential health management options, the effect of time of spawning and deployment of oysters on resultant growth and mortality was examined in the Damariscotta River, Maine. Broodstock oysters from a line selected for fast growth were spawned at 2-wk intervals between 28 March and 19 July 1995. Duplicate groups of juvenile oysters from each spawn were deployed in floating trays between 23 May and 31 August. Mortality and size of all cohorts were determined from late June to early December. Cumulative mortality of oysters was related to the timing of deployment. Cohorts placed in the river before June or after mid-August had cumulative mortalities of 20% or less. Oysters deployed between 8 June and 18 August had cumulative mortalities ranging from 64–96%. Growth of all cohorts was rapid immediately after deployment but decreased once JOD began to have an effect. Final size of oysters was directly related to age. This study determined that seed oysters placed in the Damariscotta River between June and mid-August will experience high mortality and low growth. Potential management options to reduce JOD impact include 1) early spawning and deployment in May, ensuring that a mean shell height 〉25 mm is reached prior to August and 2) late spawning and deployment after mid-August to avoid exposure to JOD.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-7345.1996.tb00628.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Significance of Board Interlocks for Corporate Governance (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Corporate governance 4 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-8683
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Political Science , Economics
    Notes: Boards of directors of large American corporations are marked by a surprising degree of overlap in their memberships. The median Fortune 500 firm interlocked (shared directors) with seven other large firms during the mid-1980s, although this prevalence dropped slightly by the mid-1990s. In contrast to Japan, interlocks among American firms are rarely linked to banking relationships or vertical (buyer-supplier) relationships; rather, they reflect the embeddedness of corporate governance in social structures (e.g., friendship or other ties). Recent empirical research has linked interlocks to almost every important aspect of corporate governance, from executive compensation to strategies for takeovers and defending against takeovers. These findings suggest that proposals for reforming boards of directors through changing incentive structures (e.g., paying directors in equity rather than cash) are likely to have little effect because they misconstrue the role of the board as a social institution.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8683.1996.tb00144.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Model of the Antecedents of Perceived Ease of Use: Development and Test (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Decision sciences 27 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1540-5915
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) has been widely used to predict user acceptance and use based on perceived ease of use and usefulness. However, in order to design effective training interventions to improve user acceptance, it is necessary to better understand the antecedents and determinants of key acceptance constructs. In this research, we focus on understanding the determinants of perceived ease of use. Data from three experiments spanning 108 subjects and six different systems supported our hypothesis that an individual's perception of a particular system's ease of use is anchored to her or his general computer self-efficacy at all times, and objective usability has an impact on ease of use perceptions about a specific system only after direct experience with the system. In addition to being an important research issue in user acceptance research, understanding antecedents of perceived ease of use is also important from a practical standpoint since several systems in which millions of dollars are invested are rejected because of poor user interfaces. Moreover, the actual underlying problem might be low computer self-efficacy of the target user group. In such cases, training interventions aimed at improving computer self-efficacy of users may be more effective than improved interface design for increasing user acceptance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5915.1996.tb00860.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    DIVING BEHAVIOR AND AT-SEA MOVEMENTS OF AN ATLANTIC SPOTTED DOLPHIN IN THE GULF OF MEXICO (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Marine mammal science 12 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1748-7692
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-7692.1996.tb00069.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    OBSERVATIONS OF AN INTERACTION BETWEEN SPERM WHALES AND SHORT-FINNED PILOT WHALES IN THE GULF OF MEXICO (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Marine mammal science 12 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1748-7692
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-7692.1996.tb00071.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New evidence for large negative xylem pressures and their measurement by the pressure chamber method (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant, cell & environment 19 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Pressure probe measurements have been interpreted as showing that xylem pressures below c. –0.4 MPa do not exist and that pressure chamber measurements of lower negative pressures are invalid. We present new evidence supporting the pressure chamber technique and the existence of xylem pressures well below –0.4 MPa. We deduced xylem pressures in water-stressed stem xylem from the following experiment: (1) loss of hydraulic conductivity in hydrated stem xylem (xylem pressure = atmospheric pressure) was induced by forcing compressed air into intact xylem conduits; (2) loss of hydraulic conductivity from cavitation and embolism in dehydrating stems was measured, and (3) the xylem pressure in dehydrated stems was deduced as being equal and opposite to the air pressure causing the same loss of hydraulic conductivity in hydrated stems. Pressures determined in this way are only valid if cavitation was caused by air entering the xylem conduits (air-seeding). Deduced xylem pressure showed a one-to-one correspondence with pressure chamber measurements for 12 species (woody angiosperms and gymnosperms); data extended to c. –10 MPa. The same correspondence was obtained under field conditions in Betula occidentalis Hook., where pressure differences between air- and water-filled conduits were induced by a combination of in situ xylem water pressure and applied positive air pressure. It is difficult to explain these results if xylem pressures were above –0.4 MPa, if the pressure chamber was inaccurate, and if cavitation occurred by some mechanism other than air-seeding. A probable reason why the pressure probe does not register large negative pressures is that, just as cavitation within the probe limits its calibration to pressures above c. –0.5 MPa, cavitation limits its measurement range in situ.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3040.1996.tb00334.x
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