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  • Springer  (9)
  • American Physical Society  (7)
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (4)
  • Blackwell Publishing Ltd  (2)
  • 1995-1999  (22)
  • 1995  (22)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 37 (1995), S. 105-122 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Host defense peptides are widely distributed in nature, being found in species from bacteria to humans. The structures of these peptides from insects, horseshoe crabs, frogs, and mammals are known to have the common features of a net cationic charge due to the presence of multiple Arg and Lys residues and in most cases the ability to form amphipathic structures. These properties are important for the mechanism of action that is thougln to be a nonreceptor-mediated interaction with the anionic phospholipids of the target cell followed by incorporation into the membrane and disruption of the membrane structure. Host defense peptides have been shown to have broad spectrum antimicrobial activity, able to kill most strains of bacteria as well as some fungi, protozoa, and in addition, many types of tumor cells. Specificity for pathogenic cells over host cells is thought to be due to the composition of the cell membranes, with an increased proportion of anionic phospholipids making the pathogen more susceptible and the presence of cholesterol making the host membranes more resistant. Structure-activity relationship studies have been performed on insect cecropins and apidaecins. horseshoe crab tachyplesins and polyphemusins. and the frog magainins. CPFs (caerulein precursor fragments) and PGLa. In general, changes that increased the basicity and stabilized the amphipathic structure have increased the antimicrobial activity: however, as the peptides become more hydrophobic the degree of specificity decreases. One magainin-2 analogue. MSI-78. has been developed by Magainin Pharmaceuticals as a topical antiinefective and is presently in clinical trials for the treatment of infected diabetic foot ulcers. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 16 Tab.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 768 (1995), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 132 (1995), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Bactericidal effects of polylysine on different bacterial species were measured. Marked differences in sensitivity were observed. Based on the concentration of polylysine required to reduce cell viability by 50%, Mycobacterium smegmatis and Mycobacterium tuberculosis were found to be the most sensitive and Escherichia coli the most resistant. In addition, two Gram-positive organisms, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Streptococcus salivarius exhibited significant differences in sensitivity which suggests that the relationship between sensitivity towards polylysine and bacterial cell type is not necessarily a function of the overall cell envelope structure. The high sensitivity of mycobacteria suggests the possible use of polylysine. or a conjugate of polylysine and another agent in anti-mycobacterial drug design.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 30 (1995), S. 843-848 
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Metal matrix composites (MMC) with volume fractions of 0.08, 0.11 and 0.14 alumina (Al2O3) were fabricated by roll bonding. This low-cost approach to MMC manufacture has the flexibility of controlling the volume fraction of the MMCs by varying the oxide thickness on the anodized aluminium foil, and the number of layers of these foils to be sandwiched between plain aluminium sheet as the matrix metal. The fragmentation of the laminate alumina is achieved by a series of hot- and cold-rolling operations. The resulting reinforcing alumina particles have platelet shape measuring approximately 20 Μm×11Μm×5 Μm instead of a stringer shape as expected. It is found that the improvement in modulus and strength did follow very closely with the rule of mixtures. A small scatter of measured data, especially the resistivity of the MMCs, was observed. This can be explained by the inefficient bonding between the reinforcing alumina and the matrix metal as demonstrated later in this study.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Methods in cell science 17 (1995), S. 33-39 
    ISSN: 1573-0603
    Keywords: Airway circulation ; Bronchial artery ; Cell culture ; Endothelial
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Methods are described for the isolation of endothelial cells from sheep bronchial artery by treatment with collagenase. Cells obtained from the perfusate of the collagenase-treated vessel are cultured. Identified by their cobblestone morphology, endothelial cell colonies of approximately 50 cells are selected by a cloning cylinder and subcultured using trypsin. Endothelial cells are characterized by the formation of vessel-like tubes on basement membrane and by incorporation of DiI-acetylated-low density lipoprotein.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 30 (1995), S. 6370-6376 
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Effects of the thermally grown wustite on the fatigue crack initiation and growth in HSLA steel are evaluated as a function of oxide thickness, strain amplitude, and gaseous environment in the push-pull plastic strain control mode, with special attention being given to the early stage of microcrack initiation. Specimens with a wustite surface layer thermally grown to 0.2 and 0.6 μm thicknesses show predominantly intergranular cracking at plastic strain amplitudes of 5×10−4 and 1×10−3 both in air and in ultrahigh vacuum (UHV), in contrast to the as-polished specimens where slip band cracking is the favoured mode. The cracking mode in the oxide layer is discussed in terms of the strain amplitude and the dislocation behaviour near the oxide/metal interface. The features of microcrack initiation in the oxide layer is not affected by the gaseous environment. Once, however, the surface oxide fractures, the rate of crack growth through the base metal is greatly reduced in UHV.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract When a 1∶1 weight mixture of (2,-4-dinitrophenyl)-L-alanine (DPA) and 2-methyl-4-nitroaniline (MNA) is dissolved in a 50∶50 volume mixture of ethyl acetate and hexane, two types of crystals were observed on slow evaporation. In the first stage of crystallization, light-yellow plates of MNA measuring up to 25 mm×5 mm×1 mm were formed, which belong to the triclinic space group P1 with lattice parameters a=0.7621 (3) nm, b=0.795 2(5) nm, c=0.8200 (2) nm, α=111.84(2)°, β= 93.76(2)°, γ=116.84(3)°, Z=2. The volume of the unit cell containing two molecules is 361.9(1)×10−3 nm3. The powder SHG efficiency of the triclinic polymorph (MNA(T)) is about the same as that of the monoclinic MNA(M). The Raman spectrum of the new crystal is similar to that of MNA(M) crystallized from the vapour phase or solution, except for the change in the intensity of a few bands. The DSC data show minor differences in the melting points and specific heats for the two phases. The second stage of crystallization resulted in the formation of orange-yellow coloured crystals of the DPA:MNA complex, in the monoclinic space group P21 with lattice parameters a =0.6876(1) nm, b=0.7621(3) nm, c=1.7626(4) nm, β=96.62(2)°, V=917.5 ×10−3 nm3, Z=2 for C16H17N5O8. The Raman spectrum of DPA:MNA consists of bands from both DPA and MNA. The complex melts at 138(1)°C with a specific heat of 25.3(4) cal g−1 according to the DSC measurements. The powder SHG efficiency is nearly the same as that of methyl-(2,4-dinitriphenyl)-aminoproanoate (MAP).
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 30 (1995), S. 1679-1688 
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The Al2O3/STS304, Al2O3/Cu and Al2O3/Al2O3 joints were brazed in vacuum with three types of Cu-Ag-Ti brazing filler metals at 1193 K for 1.2 ks. The effects of adherend metals on the microstructure and microchemistry of reaction products formed at the Al2O3/filler metal interface have been investigated. The reaction products of A2O3/STS304 joints showed a layered structure consisting of TiO (monoclinic, a 0=0.585 nm, b 0=0.934 nm, c 0=0.414 nm), Cu2Ti4O (cubic, a 0=1.149 nm) and Fe2Ti4O (cubic, a 0=1.1297 nm). The TiO compound is a nonstoichiometric titanium monoxide with composition range of TiO0.9 to TiO1.1. Cu2Ti4O and Fe2Ti4O compounds can be considered as (Cu, Fe)2Ti4O because both of them have nearly the same crystal structure and lattice constants. The reaction products of Al2O3/Cu and Al2O3/Al2O3 joints also showed a layered structure consisting of TiO and Cu2Ti4O. The TiO compound was formed by redox reaction between Al2O3 and segregated titanium, whereas Cu2Ti4O and Fe2Ti4O compounds formed by solid-state reaction between TiO and copper from the brazing alloy and iron from the adherend metals, respectively.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 30 (1995), S. 778-780 
    ISSN: 1076-5174
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1076-5174
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The non-ester silicon-containing pyrethroid SSI-116 and its carbon analogue (ethofenprox, MTI-500) were investigated using a tandem quadrupole mass spectrometer incorporating a hexapole collision cell under positive-ion electron impact ionization conditions. Conventional mass spectrometry using the first quadrupole analyser only and tandem mass spectrometry on selected precursor ions and product ions, and also constant neutral loss scan experiments, were used. Accurate mass measurements on key ions were made using a high-resolution double-focusing mass spectrometer. Based on the experimental observations, mechanisms have been proposed to explain the major fragmentation pathways of SSI-116 and ethofenprox. The novel expulsion of silaethene, CH2=SiH2, as a neutral species from the silicon-containing insecticide and the formation of an ion at m/z 135, isomeric with the fragment ion, [C9H11O]+, observed in the spectrum of its carbon analogue, have also been rationalized. Minor fragmentation pathways, found only in the silicon-containing analogue, are also discussed.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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