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  • Articles  (20)
  • 2015-2019
  • 1995-1999  (20)
  • 1975-1979
  • 1920-1924
  • 1995  (20)
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  • 2015-2019
  • 1995-1999  (20)
  • 1975-1979
  • 1920-1924
Year
Journal
Topic
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polarization bistability in strained ridge-waveguide InGaAsP/InP lasers: Experiment and theory (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 77 (1995), S. 6135-6144 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: New experimental and theoretical results on TE/TM bistability in 1.3 μm ridge-waveguide InGaAsP/InP bulk lasers at room temperature are presented. Measured polarization resolved light power–current (P–I) characteristics as well as lateral near- and far-field patterns are compared with results from a theoretical model based on the paraxial wave equations for TE- and TM-polarized modes and the diffusion equation for the carrier distribution. The model was numerically evaluated by use of the beam propagation method. The observed TE/TM bistability is explained by the interplay of three different effects: (i) Tensile stress of about 109 dyn/cm2 promotes the TM gain strongly enough to compete with the TE mode. (ii) Improved TM waveguiding due to an enhancement of the effective refractive index near the beam axis caused by carrier depletion with increasing current leads to the onset of TM lasing and TE/TM switching. (iii) The TE/TM transition is accompanied by an abrupt increase of spatial hole burning in the lateral carrier distribution. Because of this nonlinear effect, a lower current is needed to switch the laser back to TE, giving rise to a hysteresis loop in the P–I characteristics and to TE/TM polarization bistability. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.359139
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Time evolution of grating decay during photorefractive fixing processes in LiNbO3 (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 77 (1995), S. 308-312 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Decays of the diffraction efficiency of gratings written in Fe:LiNbO3 have been studied in connection with photorefractive fixing. Measurements have been carried at five different temperatures within the range of interest in photorefractive fixing, 144–168 °C. The decay curves are nonexponential and can be fitted to a sum of three simple exponential components, whose effective activation energies and preexponential factors have been determined. The dependence of the last exponential component on the grating period Λ has been measured and a 1/Λ2 law has been found. The decay constants have also been found to depend on the time the crystal is kept at the setting temperature before writing the grating. The difficulties for establishing a model taking into account the occurrence of several sites for protons in LiNbO3 are discussed. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.359393
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electrophoretic 3D-Mobility Profiles of Latex Particles with Different Surface Groups (1995)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Langmuir 11 (1995), S. 70-74 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5827
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/la00001a015
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reaction between HO2 and ClO: Product Formation between 210 and 300 K (1995)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of physical chemistry 〈Washington, DC〉 99 (1995), S. 16264-16275 
    Details
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/j100044a011
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Calculation of carbon balances for evaluation of the biodegradability of polymers (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of polymers and the environment 3 (1995), S. 121-131 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8900
    Keywords: Biodegradation ; poly(β-hydroxybutyrate) ; testing ; carbon balance ; carbon dioxide evolution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Establishing carbon balances has been proven to be an applicable and powerful tool in testing biodegradability of polymers. In controlled degradation tests at a 4-L scale with the model polymer poly(β-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB), it was shown that the degree of degradation could not be determined with satisfactory accuracy from CO2 release alone. Instead, the course of degradation was characterized by means of establishing carbon balances for the degradation of PHB withAcidovorax facilis and a mixed culture derived from compost. Different analytical methods for determining the different carbon fractions were adapted to the particular test conditions and compared. Quantitative determination of biomass and residual polymer were the main problems in establishing carbon balances. Amounts of biomass derived from protein measurements depend strongly on assumptions of the protein content of the biomass. Selective oxidation of biomass with hypochlorite was used as alternative, but here problems arose from insoluble metabolic products. Determination of soluble components with the method of chemical oxygen demand (COD) also includes empirical assumptions but seems acceptable if the dissolved carbon fraction is in the range of some 10% total carbon. Results confirm both analytical assays and theoretical approaches, in ending up at values very close to 100%, within an acceptable standard deviation range under test conditions comparable to standard test practice.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02068463
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microbial production of specifically ring-13C-labelled 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (1995)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 43 (1995), S. 985-988 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract When transformed with a recombinant vector carrying the ubiC gene (encoding chorismate pyruvate-lyase, EC 4.1.3.27) the triple mutant (Phe−, Trp−, Tyr−) Klebsiella pneumoniae 62-1 excretes 4-hydroxybenzoic acid instead of chorismic acid. The recombinant strain can be used to produce in high yield specifically ring-labelled 4-hydroxybenzoic acid from isotopically labelled glucose.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00166913
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New fluorescent dyes in the red region for biodiagnostics (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of fluorescence 5 (1995), S. 247-261 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4994
    Keywords: Fluorescence ; photochemistry ; rhodamine dyes ; time-resolved spectroscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The increased sensitivity together with the advent of low-cost optical sources and detectors in the visible-near IR region has led us to current efforts to develop new efficient fluorescent labels for biodiagnostics with absorption and emission beyond 600 nm. In view of the general fluorescence decrease with increasing emission wavelength, we investigated the possibility to shift the absorption of rhodamine dyes toward the region 620–670 nm. The hydrophobic nature of all known long-wavelength dyes results in the tendency to form intra- and intermolecular aggregates in hydrophilic solvents, especially in aqueous environment. Due to the aggregation with biological materials, fluorescence quenching of the dyes is often observed. New strategies for prevention of these processes are considered.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00723896
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of the two different phosphagen systems in the lugworm Arenicola marina (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 165 (1995), S. 496-505 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-136X
    Keywords: Diffusion flux ; Glycogenolysis ; Phosphagen function ; Spermatozoa ; Lugworm, Arenicola marina
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The different phosphagen systems in the lugworm Arenicola marina, the phosphotaurocyamine/taurocyamine kinase system of the body wall and the phosphocreatine/creatine kinase system of the spermatozoa, have been investigated to answer the question whether the change reflects different functional modes of these phosphagen systems. Enzyme analyses have shown that in contrast to the body wall taurocyamine kinase, creatine kinase of spermatozoa exists in at least two different forms which are compartmented in the mitochondria (creatine kinase I) and in the flagellum (creatine kinase II). Creatine kinase I is strongly attached to cell structures which require detergents and high phosphate concentrations for solubilization. The affinities of taurocyamine kinase and creatine kinase for all substrates are very similar except the extremely high K m for creatine of both creatine kinase I and II. The level of creatine in spermatozoa is fivefold higher than taurocyamine in the body wall at similar phosphorylation potential (ATP/ADOfree) and ATP-buffer capacity (phosphagen/ATP), reflecting the higher equilibrium constants of the creatine kinase reaction compared to that of the taurocyamine kinase reaction (Ellington 1989). The high creatine concentration gives the phosphocreatine/creatine kinase system an advantage over the phosphotaurocyamine/taurocyamine kinase system for transport of energyrich phosphate at high phosphorylation potential by increasing the radial diffusion flux. The maximum diffusive flux of free ADP in spermatozoa is three orders of magnitude below the respiratory ATP production while the creatine flux would allow an unlimited energy transport over the long diffusion distance. In lugworm body wall, however, the low ATP turnover and the low diffusion distances between mitochondria and myosin-ATPases do not require a phosphagen shuttle.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00261305
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Temperature dependence of the rate constants of the reactions of oxygen atoms with trans-2-butene, cis-2-butene, 2-methylpropene, 2-methyl-2-butene, and 2,3-dimethyl-2-butene (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 27 (1995), S. 277-285 
    Details
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The kinetics of the reactions of ground state oxygen atoms with trans-2-butene, cis-2-butene, 2-methylpropene, 2-methyl-2-butene, and 2,3-dimethyl-2-butene was investigated in the temperature range 200 to 370K. In this range, the rate constants are (in units 10-11 cm3 s-1): (1.1 ± 0.1) exp[+(180 ± 24)K/T]; (0.98 ± 0.09) exp[+(149 ± 23)K/T]; (1.14 ± 0.13) exp[+(128 ± 33)K/T]; (2.34 ± 0.16) exp[+(250 ± 16)K/T]; and (3.31 ± 0.50) exp[+(257 ± 36)K/T], respectively. The atoms were generated by the H2 laser photolysis of NO and detected by the time resolved chemiluminescence in the presence of NO. The concentrations of the O(3P) atoms were kept so low that secondary reactions with products are unimportant. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/kin.550270306
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  • 10
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    Stopping of Heavy Ions in a Hydrogen Plasma (1995)
    American Physical Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-02-27
    Print ISSN: 0031-9007
    Electronic ISSN: 1079-7114
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society
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