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  • 1995-1999  (50)
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  • 1995  (50)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Use of photosensitive polyimide for deep x-ray lithography (1995)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 66 (1995), S. 2072-2073 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: In this letter, a method is outlined and results presented for an x-ray lithography micromachining process that offers a greatly improved sensitivity over the LIGA process. This process is based on photosensitive polyimide (PPI), which is a commercial photoresist typically used as a passivation layer or dielectric material in the semiconductor industry. The main benefit of this process is its high sensitivity, which is approximately two orders of magnitude greater than that of the PMMA used in the LIGA process. Using a synchrotron radiation x-ray source, we have achieved resist patterns over 1000 μm thick. The capability has also been demonstrated for aspect ratios over 10, as well as the ability to print linewidths down to 0.5 μm. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.113906
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biexcitonic contribution to polarization-dependent degenerate four-wave mixing in GaAs quantum wells (1995)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 67 (1995), S. 238-240 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We report measurements of the polarization and time-averaged intensity of four-wave mixing signals from GaAs quantum wells as functions of the pump beam polarizations, laser photon energy, and optical injection density, the latter covering a range of higher levels than has previously been reported. Excitation of heavy-hole excitons produced a sin2 variation of the signal intensity as the pump beam polarizations changed from parallel to perpendicular, while injection of light-hole excitons led to an approximately cos2 dependence. The tuning dependence of the heavy-hole-exciton signal revealed a low-energy signal which is attributed to biexcitons. The dominance of this signal for perpendicular polarization causes the observed sin2 variation of the heavy-hole-exciton signal. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.114679
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Competence-based team management (1995)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Team performance management 1 (1995), S. 5-12 
    Details
    ISSN: 1352-7592
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Examines training programs within several companies worldwide.Proposes that more than ever today companies should be working towardimproving quality, owing to changes in market conditions. Presents aseven-step process toward problem solving with the company. Concludesthat, to maintain continuous improvement within an organization, it isimportant to recognize any weaknesses it may have and address them.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/13527599510096738
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of increased salt intake on blood pressure of chimpanzees (1995)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature medicine 1 (1995), S. 1009-1016 
    Details
    ISSN: 1546-170X
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] A colony of 26 chimpanzees given a fruit and vegetable diet of very low Na and high K intake were maintained in long–standing, socially stable small groups for three years. Half of them had salt added progressively to their diet during 20 months. This addition of salt within the human ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nm1095-1009
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evaluation of Charge-Injection Devices for Use in Laue Diffraction Imaging (1995)
    Chester : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Journal of synchrotron radiation 2 (1995), S. 215-228 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5775
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Charge-injection devices (CIDs) are versatile detectors having a number of features which recommend them for use in the imaging of X-ray diffraction patterns. They have a flexible nondestructive readout allowing for analysis of image quality during data collection and rapid readout of selected portions of the device. CIDs have full-well capacities in the range of 106 charge carriers giving them a high dynamic range for both direct and indirect imaging of X-rays. CIDs have peak quantum efficiencies in the optical region over 50% allowing for their incorporation into indirect detection systems. Rapid random single-pixel address allows for their use as single X-ray photon counters with energy discrimination. Three types of position-sensitive detectors for X-rays have been developed using CIDs. Two CID formats, the CID 17PPRA (388 × 256) and the CID 38SG (512 × 512), were incorporated into systems performing indirect imaging, direct imaging and single X-ray photon counting with energy discrimination. Indirect images of the Laue diffraction patterns from tetraphenylphosphonium tetrachlorooxomolybdenum(V) and natural MoS2 were collected using a phosphor sheet to convert X-rays into optical photons which were detected with the CID 38SG. Directly detected images of spots from the Laue diffraction pattern of MoS2 were recorded with the CID 17PPRA. Single photon counting with energy discrimination is demonstrated with the CID 17PPRA using a reflection from the Laue diffraction pattern of MoS2. Useful information could be obtained from a single pixel at read rates over 7 kHz. Complete energy-dispersive analysis suitable for determination of space groups from Laue diffraction is currently limited due to incomplete charge collection and/or split events.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0909049595007849
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preservation of Miocene glacier ice in East Antarctica (1995)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 376 (1995), S. 412-414 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Beacon valley (77° S, 161°E) is near the peripheral Taylor dome of the East Antarctic ice sheet. The present-day mean annual temperature is -30 to -35 °C and precipitation is less than 10 mm water equivalent per year11'12. The valley is bordered by mountains rising to ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/376412a0
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Age changes of spine density in posterior-anterior and lateral projections in normal women (1995)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 56 (1995), S. 201-205 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Bone densitometry ; Bone ; Osteoporosis ; Aging osteopenia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured in 353 healthy white women using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Measurements were made of both the posterior-anterior (PA) and lateral spine, as well as the proximal femur (neck and Ward's triangle). From age 50 to 80 years, the BMD of the PA spine and femur neck BMD had an 18% diminution (0.6%/year), and BMD of the lateral spine showed about a 35–40% decline (1.4%/year). The Ward's triangle region of the femur was not quite as decreased (30% or 1.1%/year). The BMD decrease associated with aging did not differ as much among sites when expressed relative to the intrapopulation variation rather than as a percentage. The Z-score for PA spine and femur neck BMD (-1.1) was significantly different than that for lateral spine BMD (-1.6); Ward's triangle was intermediate (-1.3), i.e., the lateral spine still showed the highest sensitivity to aging. However, the ability to detect age changes in an individual subject can be increased only if the precision error for lateral spine BMD is not increased to a greater extent than the sensitivity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00298610
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Towards the molecular basis for the regulation of mitochondrial dehydrogenases by calcium ions (1995)
    Springer
    Molecular and cellular biochemistry 149-150 (1995), S. 203-212 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4919
    Keywords: calcium ; mitochondria ; FAD-glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase ; pyruvate dehydrogenase ; oxoglutarate dehydrogenase ; isocitrate dehydrogenase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In mammalian cells, increases in calcium concentration cause increases in oxidative phosphorylation. This effect is mediated by the activation of four mitochondrial dehydrogenases by calcium ions; FAD-glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, pyruvate dehydrogenase, NAD-isocitrate dehydrogenase and oxoglutarate dehydrogenase. FAD-glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, being located on the outer surface of the inner mitochondrial membrane, is exposed to fluctuations in cytoplasmic calcium concentration. The other three enzymes are located within the mitochondrial matrix. While the kinetic properties of all of these enzymes are well characterised, the molecular basis for their regulation by calcium is not. This review uses information derived from calcium binding studies, analysis of conserved calcium binding motifs and comparison of amino acid sequences from calcium sensitive and non-sensitive enzymes to discuss how the recent cloning of several subunits from the four dehydrogenases enhances our understanding of the ways in which these enzymes bind calcium. FAD-glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase binds calcium ions through a domain which is part of the polypeptide chain of the enzyme. In contrast, it is possible that the calcium sensitivity of the other dehydrogenases may involve separate calcium binding subunits.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01076578
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Observations on the effects of incubation at inhibitory temperature on subsequent hatching of anostracan cysts (1995)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 298 (1995), S. 179-181 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Hatching progressively for cysts ofBranchinecta lindahli Packard when they were incubated for 6 and 12 hours at a temperature known to inhibit hatching (30 °C) prior to transfer to a favorable hatching temperature of 15 °C. Cyst ofThamnocephalus platyurus Packard, by contrast, hatched normally at 28 °C after transfer from 48, 72, and 96 hour incubation periods at the inhibitory low temperature of 10 °C.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00033813
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A contribution to the systematics of the Streptocephalidae (Branchiopoda: Anostraca) (1995)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 298 (1995), S. 203-232 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Streptocephalus ; morphology ; classification ; phylogeny ; fairy shrimp ; phyllopod
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract While developing a data base for phylogenetic analysis of the New World streptocephalids we compaired them with species from Africa, Europe, and India. In doing this, we found that the morphology of the peduncle of the distal antennal outgrowth and the biramous ovaries developed in seven North American species can contribute to the systematics of the genus. Thus, our investigation consisted of (1) a review of the external morphology of the antenna, (2) biometry of selected parts of the antenna to obtain informative ratios, (3) a review of the presence or absence of genetal linguiform outgrowths, extension of the non-retractile parts of the penes, and general morphology of the cercopods, (4) a study of the location of the ovaries, and extension of the brood-pouch. On the basis of the results we classifyStreptocephalus into nine species groups. Five subgroups are identified within two of the species groups Several implications of the present approach are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00033815
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