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  • Chemistry  (33)
  • Magnetism
  • 1995-1999  (33)
  • 1950-1954
  • 1999  (10)
  • 1995  (23)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spektroskopische Untersuchungen zur Acidität von Dithiophosphorsäure-O,O′-estern in unpolaren, aprotischen Lösungsmitteln (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 337 (1995), S. 245-249 
    Details
    ISSN: 0941-1216
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Spectroscopic Investigations on the Acidity of O,O′-Dithiophosphoric Acid Esters in Nonpolar Aprotic Solvents
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19953370153
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chemical treatment of membranes of a polymer blend: Mechanism of the reaction of hypochlorite with poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (1995)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 33 (1995), S. 49-54 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: polymer membranes ; poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) ; hypochlorite ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Sodium hypochlorite solutions are used to treat membranes prepared from a polymeric blend containing poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) to increase their water permeability. Sodium hypochlorite affects the membrane material in such a way that PVP is selectively removed from the membrane matrix. The mechanism of the reaction between hypochlorite and PVP is investigated by several chemical analysis techniques of the reaction products. Strong indications are found that the reaction involves chain scission of PVP according to a radical mechanism. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1995.080330105
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of Stress Tensors in thin textured copper films by grazing incidence diffraction (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 26 (1995), S. 553-559 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Bestimmung der Spannungstensoren in dünnen, texturierten Kupferschichten mittels Röntgenbeugung bei streifendem EinfallIonenplattierte Kupferschichten wurden mittels Röntgenbeugung hinsichtlich Texturen und Eigenspannungen untersucht. Die vollständigen Orientierungsverteilungsfunktionen wurden bestimmt und scharfe (111)-Fasertexturen gefunden. Die Messung der Dehnungen erfolgte unter streifendem Strahleinfall. Zur Berechnung der Spannungstensoren wurden sowohl texturgewichtete elastische Moduln als auch texturunabhängige elastische Moduln verwendet. Die Bedeutung der Texturmessung für die Spannungstensorbestimmung wird diskutiert. Die gefundenen Spannungen können als thermisch verursacht verstanden werden.
    Notes: Ion-platted thin copper films were examined for residual stresses and texture by X-ray diffraction. The complete orientation distribution functions were determined and sharp (111)-fibre textures were found. The strains were measured by grazing incidence diffraction. The stress tensors were calculated using both texture-weighted elastic compliances and texture-independent X-ray elastic constants. The importance of the texture measurement for the stress tensor determination is discussed. The found stresses can be interpreted as thermally induced.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19950261012
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gitterkonstantenbestimmung in kubischen dünnen Schichten unter thermischer Dehnung (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 26 (1995), S. 386-393 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Lattice Constant Determination in Cubic Thin Films under Thermal StrainAn X-ray diffraction procedure is presented to determine the lattice constant of a cubic thin film which is thermally strained. The procedure also gives the thermal strain. As application examples, the lattice constants of thin aluminium and copper films deposited by ion-platting are evaluated from grazing incidence diffraction data.
    Notes: Ein Verfahren zur röntgenographischen Bestimmung der Gitterkonstanten einer kubischen dünnen Schicht, die herstellungsbedingt unter thermischer Dehnung steht, wird angegeben. Das Verfahren liefert zudem die wirksame-thermische Dehnung. Als Anwendungsbeispiele werden die Gitterkonstanten von ionenplattierten Aluminium- und Kupferschichten aus röntgenographischen Messungen mittels eines Seemann-Bohlin Diffraktometers mit streifendem Strahleinfall ermittelt.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19950260712
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Large volume sample introduction using temperature programmable injectors: Implications of liner diameter (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 18 (1995), S. 19-27 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Large volume injection ; PTV injectors ; PTV splitless injection ; PTV solvent split injection ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Temperature programmable injectors with liner diameters ranging from 1 to 3.5 mm are evaluated and compared for solvent split injection of large volumes in capillary gas chromatography. The liner dimensions determine whether a large sample volume can be introduced rapidly or has to be introduced in a speed controlled manner. The effect of the injection technique used on the recovery of n-alkanes is evaluated. Furthermore the influence of the liner diameter on the occurrence of thermal degradation during splitless transfer to the analytical column is studied. Guidelines are given for the selection of the PTV liner internal diameter best suited for specific applications.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240180106
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Large volume injection in capillary GC using PTV injectors: Comparison of inertness of packing materials (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 18 (1995), S. 124-128 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Large volume injection ; PTV injector ; PTV solvent split injection ; Packed inserts ; Thermal degradation ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240180213
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Continuous liquid-liquid extraction combined on-line with capillary gas chromatography-atomic emission detection for environmental analysis (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 18 (1995), S. 38-44 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: On-line extraction ; Large volume introduction ; Capillary gas chromatography ; Atomic emission detection ; Solvent venting ; Pesticides ; Ground water ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The on-line coupling of a liquid-liquid extraction system with capillary gas chromatography using atomic emission detection (GC-AED) has been studied. The required large volumes of about 100 μl of an iso-octane solution can be introduced into the GC-AED system by using the AED solvent vent and a solvent vapor exit in front of the capillary analytical column. Test solutions containing several pesticides were detected using the carbon, chlorine, nitrogen and sulfur channels. Analyte detectability (in concentration units) was improved significantly and low concentractions of the test compounds could be determined (1-5 ng/ml). Aqueous samples were on-line extracted and analyzed. The precision of the large-volume injection itself as well as the total extraction-GC-AED system was satisfactory (RSD of ca. 2 and 4%, respectively). As a real-life application, several ground water samples were screened.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240180109
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Large-volume on-column injections for gas chromatography (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Microcolumn Separations 7 (1995), S. 383-394 
    Details
    ISSN: 1040-7685
    Keywords: large-volume injection ; gas chromatography ; on-column injector ; environmental analysis ; organophosphorus pesticides ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Large-volume injection is an attractive means to improve detection limits when analyzing dilute sample extracts. There is now no need to achieve enrichment by means of solvent evaporation, which makes the total analytical procedure less reliable and less robust due to loss of volatile compounds. In this study on-column injection was applied for large-volume injection using an on-column injector in combination with a deactivated uncoated fused silica capillary (retention gap) and an early solvent vapor exit. Two strategies are described. The first one relies on the programmable speed of an infusion pump, which is adapted such that it lies just above the evaporation rate of the extraction solvent used. With the second procedure, which can be used for a commercially available autosampler, the evaporation speed is adjusted to the fixed speed of injection by varying the temperature during injection. During optimization the additional solvent evaporation time was determined. The optimum conditions for an injection volume of 100 μL of either n-hexane or ethyl acetate are reported. Large-volume injection was used for simplified and miniaturized solid-phase extraction procedures. The procedures were used to determine various organic micropollutants, such as organophosphorus pesticides and triazine herbicides, in tap and surface water extracts, using a flame photometric, and a mass spectrometric detector. For both methods good recovery for most of the analytes (70-87%), linear calibration curves (0.01-5 μg/L range), and relative standard deviations of less than 10% were obtained. Detection limits typically were in the range of 1-10 ng/L for GC-FPD and 10-150 ng/L for GC-MS. When working in the time-scheduled multiple ion detection mode detection limits in GC-MS were one order of magnitude lower. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mcs.1220070411
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Capillary electrophoresis using air and helium as cooling fluids (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Microcolumn Separations 7 (1995), S. 365-374 
    Details
    ISSN: 1040-7685
    Keywords: capillary electrophoresis ; temperature control ; heat transfer ; helium gas cooling ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A comparative study on the properties of helium and air as thermostatting fluids in Capillary Electrophoresis (CE) has been carried out. Equations that relate the properties of fluids to their control of the temperature of the capillary are shown. Results from theory and experiments are compared under different cooling conditions, i.e., natural and forced gas convection, using air and helium. Experimental results are qualitatively in good agreement with those predicted by theory. The better thermostatting capability of helium compared to air is demonstrated by an improved efficiency in real separations and a lower degree of denaturation of a thermolabile protein during its purification by CE. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mcs.1220070409
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On-line sample enrichment-capillary gas chromatography of aqueous samples using geometrically deformed open-tubular extraction columns (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Microcolumn Separations 7 (1995), S. 247-257 
    Details
    ISSN: 1040-7685
    Keywords: on-line extraction-GC ; open-tubular traps ; coiled tubes ; secondary flow ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The effect of geometrical deformation of open-tubular extraction columns on peak dispersion of retained solutes is evaluated. By coiling or stitching of the columns peak dispersion is decreased, with a factor of two and more than five, respectively, due to secondary flow enhanced radial dispersion. This enables the increase of sampling flow rates in on-line extraction-GC using open-tubular extraction columns up to 4 mL/min while still obtaining quantitative trapping of the analytes. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mcs.1220070309
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