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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 337 (1995), S. 245-249 
    ISSN: 0941-1216
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Spectroscopic Investigations on the Acidity of O,O′-Dithiophosphoric Acid Esters in Nonpolar Aprotic Solvents
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 33 (1995), S. 49-54 
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: polymer membranes ; poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) ; hypochlorite ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Sodium hypochlorite solutions are used to treat membranes prepared from a polymeric blend containing poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) to increase their water permeability. Sodium hypochlorite affects the membrane material in such a way that PVP is selectively removed from the membrane matrix. The mechanism of the reaction between hypochlorite and PVP is investigated by several chemical analysis techniques of the reaction products. Strong indications are found that the reaction involves chain scission of PVP according to a radical mechanism. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 26 (1995), S. 553-559 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Bestimmung der Spannungstensoren in dünnen, texturierten Kupferschichten mittels Röntgenbeugung bei streifendem EinfallIonenplattierte Kupferschichten wurden mittels Röntgenbeugung hinsichtlich Texturen und Eigenspannungen untersucht. Die vollständigen Orientierungsverteilungsfunktionen wurden bestimmt und scharfe (111)-Fasertexturen gefunden. Die Messung der Dehnungen erfolgte unter streifendem Strahleinfall. Zur Berechnung der Spannungstensoren wurden sowohl texturgewichtete elastische Moduln als auch texturunabhängige elastische Moduln verwendet. Die Bedeutung der Texturmessung für die Spannungstensorbestimmung wird diskutiert. Die gefundenen Spannungen können als thermisch verursacht verstanden werden.
    Notes: Ion-platted thin copper films were examined for residual stresses and texture by X-ray diffraction. The complete orientation distribution functions were determined and sharp (111)-fibre textures were found. The strains were measured by grazing incidence diffraction. The stress tensors were calculated using both texture-weighted elastic compliances and texture-independent X-ray elastic constants. The importance of the texture measurement for the stress tensor determination is discussed. The found stresses can be interpreted as thermally induced.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 26 (1995), S. 386-393 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Lattice Constant Determination in Cubic Thin Films under Thermal StrainAn X-ray diffraction procedure is presented to determine the lattice constant of a cubic thin film which is thermally strained. The procedure also gives the thermal strain. As application examples, the lattice constants of thin aluminium and copper films deposited by ion-platting are evaluated from grazing incidence diffraction data.
    Notes: Ein Verfahren zur röntgenographischen Bestimmung der Gitterkonstanten einer kubischen dünnen Schicht, die herstellungsbedingt unter thermischer Dehnung steht, wird angegeben. Das Verfahren liefert zudem die wirksame-thermische Dehnung. Als Anwendungsbeispiele werden die Gitterkonstanten von ionenplattierten Aluminium- und Kupferschichten aus röntgenographischen Messungen mittels eines Seemann-Bohlin Diffraktometers mit streifendem Strahleinfall ermittelt.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: On-line extraction ; Large volume introduction ; Capillary gas chromatography ; Atomic emission detection ; Solvent venting ; Pesticides ; Ground water ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The on-line coupling of a liquid-liquid extraction system with capillary gas chromatography using atomic emission detection (GC-AED) has been studied. The required large volumes of about 100 μl of an iso-octane solution can be introduced into the GC-AED system by using the AED solvent vent and a solvent vapor exit in front of the capillary analytical column. Test solutions containing several pesticides were detected using the carbon, chlorine, nitrogen and sulfur channels. Analyte detectability (in concentration units) was improved significantly and low concentractions of the test compounds could be determined (1-5 ng/ml). Aqueous samples were on-line extracted and analyzed. The precision of the large-volume injection itself as well as the total extraction-GC-AED system was satisfactory (RSD of ca. 2 and 4%, respectively). As a real-life application, several ground water samples were screened.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 46 (1995), S. 405-409 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Corrosion inspection in aircraft constructionThe inspections required on an aircraft during its operational phase are determined largely by the materials and constructions used. Practical experience has shown that corrosion can generally not be prevented on metallic aircraft structures, even if the surface protection systems have been chosen with great care. Constructions and materials used on aircraft and the result types of corrosion are described and the inspection concept is explained on the basis of this. Finally, typical inspection tasks are presented and the measurement results obtained with different NDT methods are presented and discussed.
    Notes: Die erforderlichen Inspektionen an einem Flugzeug in der Nutzungsphase werden wesentlich durch die verwendeten Werkstoffe und Bauweisen bestimmt. Die praktischen Erfahrungen zeigen, daß an metallischen Leichtbaustrukturen Korrosion generell nicht zu verhindern ist, auch bei sorgfältigster Auswahl der Oberflächenschutzsysteme, Luftfahrtspezifische Bauweisen und Werkstoffe und daraus resultierende Korrosionsarten werden vorgestellt. Darauf aufbauend wird das Inspektionskonzept erläutert. Anschließend werden typische Inspektionsaufgaben gezeigt und die Meßergebnisse mit verschiedenen zerstörungsfreien Prüfverfahren dargestellt und diskutiert.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 46 (1995), S. 607-607 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 18 (1995), S. 19-27 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Large volume injection ; PTV injectors ; PTV splitless injection ; PTV solvent split injection ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Temperature programmable injectors with liner diameters ranging from 1 to 3.5 mm are evaluated and compared for solvent split injection of large volumes in capillary gas chromatography. The liner dimensions determine whether a large sample volume can be introduced rapidly or has to be introduced in a speed controlled manner. The effect of the injection technique used on the recovery of n-alkanes is evaluated. Furthermore the influence of the liner diameter on the occurrence of thermal degradation during splitless transfer to the analytical column is studied. Guidelines are given for the selection of the PTV liner internal diameter best suited for specific applications.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 33 (1995), S. 1371-1384 
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: sorption ; dilation ; carbon dioxide ; polyimides ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Over the past years, the equilibrium sorption of gases in polymers has been intensively studied. Mostly, glassy polymers were investigated because of their excellent selective mass transport properties. This work does not focus on the equilibrium sorption but on the kinetics to reach the equilibrium. We developed a new experimental method measuring the sorption-induced dilation kinetics of a polymer film. Carbon dioxide and glassy, aromatic polyimides were chosen as model systems. Low-pressure experiments demonstrate that the measured dilation kinetics represent the sorption kinetics. A significant delay between the sorption and dilation kinetics is based on the fact that dilation kinetics occurs simultaneously with the concentration increase in the center of the polymer film. High-pressure experiments reveal significant differences in dilation kinetics compared to low-pressure experiments. Generally, three regimes can be distinguished in the dilation kinetics: a first, fast volume increase followed by two much slower regimes of volume increase. The magnitude of fast and slow dilation kinetics strongly depends on the swelling history of the polymer sample. The results of the experiments are analyzed in the light of a model relating the fast dilation kinetics to a reversible “Fickian” dilation and the slower dilation kinetics to an irreversible, relaxational dilation. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 18 Ill.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 30 (1995), S. 324-332 
    ISSN: 1076-5174
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Early in the development of electrohydrodynamic mass spectrometry (EH-MS), it was realized that ion source performance improved when the sample liquid was supplied discontinuously to the capillary emitter. Based on this realization, an ion source was designed that operates without an external sample supply system. Its essential part is a metal capillary that serves both as the liquid reservoir and the field anode and is mounted exchangeably on a pushrod. As the liquid flow is field induced, the flow rates are extremely low, in the range of 0.2 nl min-1. Thus, in spite of high analyte concentrations needed, sample consumption is only a few picomoles per mass scan. Moreover, the emission of larger droplets is avoided, which contributes to the stability of the ion signal. As the capillary emitter is mounted on a standard emitter carrier known from field desorption (FD) MS, the new ion source is compatible with conventional FD ion sources. EH mass spectra of analytes could be obtained from substances whose solubility in glycerol was〉0.5 mol l-1. The substances investigated with the new ion source include sugars, amino acids, peptides and an antibiotic. The general characteristics of the mass spectra are essentially the same as those known from other EH ion sources. Besides abundant solvent cluster ions, only cationated or protonated molecules of the analytes could be detected, frequently with one or more solvent molecules attached to the ions. Fragment ions were not observed.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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