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  • Springer  (41)
  • Oxford University Press  (4)
  • Geological Society of America (GSA)
  • 2005-2009
  • 2000-2004
  • 1995-1999  (45)
  • 1996  (18)
  • 1995  (27)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of ammonium ions on the depolarization-induced and direct activation of the contractile apparatus in mechanically skinned fast-twitch skeletal muscle fibres of the rat (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of muscle research and cell motility 17 (1996), S. 611-616 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2657
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Mechanically skinned fibre preparations from the extensor digitorum longus muscle of the rat were used to test whether a rise in myoplasmic [NH4 +] in the range 2–10 mm interferes with the mechanism of excitation-contraction coupling in fast-twitch mammalian muscle. Under our conditions (pH 7.10, Mg2+ 1 mm, temperature 23° C), [NH4 +] up to 10 mm had little effect on the Ca+-activated force and on the peak of the t-system depolarization-induced force response. However, the duration of the depolarization-induced force response was decreased significantly at [NH4 +] ≥2 mm. From these data we conclude that the intracellular accumulation of NH4 + is not likely to play a major role in fatigue. Nevertheless, the build up of NH4 + during fatigue, may have a significant inhibitory effect on the force output by decreasing the duration of the t-system depolarization-induced activation of the contractile apparatus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00154055
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mycorrhizae from Denali National Park and Preserve, Alaska (1995)
    Springer
    Mycorrhiza 6 (1995), S. 21-29 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1890
    Keywords: Key words Mycorrhizae ; Arctic-alpine ; Dark septate fungi
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  Roots of 40 taxa of higher plants (Pteridophyta, Spermatophyta) from two alpine study sites in Denali National Park and Preserve in central Alaska were examined for their mycorrhizal colonization. We observed ectomycorrhizae on six species: Betula nana, Salix reticulata, Salix polaris, Salix arctica, Polygonum viviparum, and Dryas octopetala. Seven taxa, Cassiope tetragona, Empetrum nigrum, Ledum palustre subsp. decumbens, Ledum palustre subsp. groenlandicum, Loiseleuria procumbens, Vaccinium uliginosum and Vaccinium vitis–idaea (all Ericales), had ericoid mycorrhizae. One species, Arctostaphylos alpina, formed a typical arbutoid mycorrhiza. Two species (Sibbaldia procumbens and Aconitum delphinifolium) showed well-developed VA mycorrhizae, whereas three species of plants (Lycopodium clavatum, Silene acaulis and Oxytropis scammaniana) had vesicles, but no arbuscules. The roots of 11 other plants (Lycopodium clavatum, Lycopodium selago, Silene acaulis, Gentiana algida, Lupinus arcticus, Oxytropis scammaniana, Pedicularis langsdorffii, Pedicularis capitata, Pedicularis verticillata, Artemisia sp. and Carex bigelowii) had a variety of intracellular colonizations which are referred to as dark septate fungi. No mycorrhizae were found on 12 other plants: Equisetum arvense, Equisetum variegatum, Lycopodium alpinum, Polygonum bistorta, Saxifraga hieracifolia, Saxifraga hirculus, Astragalus alpinus, Pedicularis kanei, Petasites frigidus, Carex podocarpa, Carex microchaeta and Poa arctica. A possible ecological role of dark septate fungi is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s005720050101
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Coring artifacts and contaminant inventories in lake sediment (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of paleolimnology 15 (1996), S. 99-106 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0417
    Keywords: lake sediments ; gravity core ; freeze core ; coring artifacts ; contaminant concentration ; contaminant inventory
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Sediments of Lake 382, Experimental Lakes Area, Canada, were sampled at six sites using a 5-cm Wildco KB core sampler (KB), a similar device incorporating a ball check valve (BC), and a 0.2 m by 1.2 m flat-faced aluminum freeze core sampler (FC). Cores were sectioned at 1-cm intervals to a depth of 15 cm. Contaminant (210Pb and 137Cs) concentrations (Bq g-1) were measured by gamma spectroscopy, and inventories (Bq cm-2) were calculated following standard methods. Sediments collected using FC, BC and KB had similar contaminant concentrations, however, cores collected by FC and BC had lower estimated inventories than KB cores. Differences between estimates appear to be caused by differences in the water content (WC) of core material. Laboratory studies confirm that FC sediments have higher WC than tube-cored sediment. We hypothesize that ice crystal formation increases the WC of freeze cores, resulting in lower contaminant inventories. Loss of surficial sediment caused by a ‘bow wave’ may have a similar effect on BC samples. We conclude that KB core gear is appropriate for sampling sediments to measure contaminant concentrations and inventories in recently deposited sediments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00176992
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Toxicity of iodine, iodide, and iodate to Daphnia magna and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) (1995)
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 29 (1995), S. 344-350 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The acute toxicity (96-h LC50) of aqueous stable iodine species (I−, IO 3 − , I2) to rainbow trout and Daphnia magna were measured at three individual concentrations of hardness, total organic carbon, and chloride. Rainbow trout were most sensitive to I2 (LC50⩾0.53 mg/L), and much less sensitive to IO 3 − (LC50⩾220 mg/L) or I− (LC50⩾860 mg/L). Daphnia magna were equally sensitive to I2 (LC50⩾0.16 mg/L) and I− (LC50⩾0.17 mg/L), but were less sensitive to IO 3 − (LC50⩾10.3 mg/L). The external and internal radiological dose imparted by equivalent molar quantities of radioactive 125I, 129I, and 131I were calculated for both the Daphnia and trout using the LC50 values obtained from a standard water treatment. As expected, the dose from 125I and 131I would exceed the expected lethal dose rate long before a chemically toxic level is reached. In contrast, a molar concentration of 129I likely to cause death by chemical toxicity would impart a radiological dose less than that expected to be lethal. Thus, for short-lived aquatic organisms, risks due to chemical toxicity of 129I may exceed risks due to its radioactive emissions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00212499
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Long-term trends in DDT, polychlorinated biphenyls, and chlordane in California Mussels (1995)
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 28 (1995), S. 443-450 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The California State Mussel Watch program is a long-term monitoring program conducted by the State Water Resources Control Board and the Department of Fish and Game. In a fifteen year time span, from 1977–1992, mussels were collected at 378 stations. From these stations, 47 were chosen to conduct statistical analysis based on the criteria that they had been sampled at least 6 times for total DDTs, total polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and total chlordanes. Declines of total DDTs and chlordanes were noted at approximately half of the stations. Declines of total PCBs were noted at approximately one-quarter of the stations. Declines of PCBs but not DDTs in mussels near Los Angeles County's sewer discharge corresponded to declines of these contaminants in treated effluent.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00211626
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    GCM simulation of the Southern Oscillation from 1979–88 (1995)
    Springer
    Climate dynamics 11 (1995), S. 115-128 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0894
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The Southern Oscillation (SO) is examined in three 10 year AMIP-type integrations of a 30-level GCM having prescribed monthly mean observed sea surface temperatures for the period January 1979 to December 1988. Three horizontal spectral resolutions of T21, T42 and T79 are investigated and the results are compared with the low-frequency variability, having periods longer than 8 months, in the observed Darwin and Tahiti sea level pressures (SLP) and in the T106 ECMWF analyses from May 1985 to April 1991. Both the ECMWF analyses and the GCM results give unrealistic SLP variability at Tahiti resulting in low Darwin-Tahiti SLP correlations and low S/N ratios for the Tahiti-Darwin SO index. The ECMWF analyses are in particularly poor agreement with the observations during 1987 with anomalously high SLP at Tahiti. Examination of the ECMWF assimilated SSTs, reveals that this may be related to the assimilated SSTs being too cold in the central and eastern equatorial Pacific during mid-1987. The GCM results show the familiar SLP dipole in the tropical Pacific albeit displaced eastwards compared to previous observational studies especially at T42 resolution, thus accounting for the problems at Tahiti which lies near strong gradients in the correlation pattern. Time-longitude diagrams of low-level convergence and correlation maps of upper-level streamfunction suggest that the model is reproducing the SO divergence anomalies although too weakly at T21 resolution and at different longitudinal locations at T42 and T79 resolutions. The time-mean low-level convergences in the GCM simulations give ITCZs and SPCZs in qualitative agreement with the observations with a tendency for increased convergence in the eastern Pacific ITCZ at higher resolution. Longitudinal shifts are not apparent in the time-mean convergence when comparing the GCM results at different resolutions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00211677
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    GCM simulation of the Southern Oscillation from 1979–88 (1995)
    Springer
    Climate dynamics 11 (1995), S. 115-128 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0894
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. The Southern Oscillation (SO) is examined in three 10 year AMIP-type integrations of a 30-level GCM having prescribed monthly mean observed sea surface temperatures for the period January 1979 to December 1988. Three horizontal spectral resolutions of T21, T42 and T79 are investigated and the results are compared with the low-frequency variability, having periods longer than 8 months, in the observed Darwin and Tahiti sea level pressures (SLP) and in the T106 ECMWF analyses from May 1985 to April 1991. Both the ECMWF analyses and the GCM results give unrealistic SLP variability at Tahiti resulting in low Darwin-Tahiti SLP correlations and low S/N ratios for the Tahiti-Darwin SO index. The ECMWF analyses are in particularly poor agreement with the observations during 1987 with anomalously high SLP at Tahiti. Examination of the ECMWF assimilated SSTs, reveals that this may be related to the assimilated SSTs being too cold in the central and eastern equatorial Pacific during mid-1987. The GCM results show the familiar SLP dipole in the tropical Pacific albeit displaced eastwards compared to previous observational studies especially at T42 resolution, thus accounting for the problems at Tahiti which lies near strong gradients in the correlation pattern. Time-longitude diagrams of low-level convergence and correlation maps of upper-level streamfunction suggest that the model is reproducing the SO divergence anomalies although too weakly at T21 resolution and at different longitudinal locations at T42 and T79 resolutions. The time-mean low-level convergences in the GCM simulations give ITCZs and SPCZs in qualitative agreement with the observations with a tendency for increased convergence in the eastern Pacific ITCZ at higher resolution. Longitudinal shifts are not apparent in the time-mean convergence when comparing the GCM results at different resolutions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003820050064
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    UV spectroscopy of metal volatilization during thermal plasma processing of waste glass melts (1996)
    Springer
    Plasma chemistry and plasma processing 16 (1996), S. 449-460 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8986
    Keywords: Spectroscopy ; volatilization ; iron ; nickel ; chromium ; waste vitrification
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract Atomic emission spectroscopy (AES) is used to monitor volatilization during waste vitrification with thermal plasmas. Model baste specimens consist of am alumino-silicate clay spiked with 10 wt. % Fe, Ni, or Cr. Specimens are vitrified in processing atmospheres with 0, 8.5, and 17 vol. % oxygen/argon concentrations. Particulate generated from condensation of the volatilized materials is collected following each specimen run and analyzed by energy dispersive X-ray analysis to determine composition. Spectra are collected from the ultraviolet range 240–380 nm in where the presence of metal vapor is readily detected. Correlation between line emission intensities and volatilization rates allows the establishment of provisional detection limits for the volatilization of Ni, Cr, Si, and Fe, of 1 × 103 g/s, 4 × 104 g/s, 2 × 104 g/s, and 5 × 105 g/s, respectively. The results of this investigation support the concept of using AES as an in-situ process monitor for feedback to optimize plasma processing of hazardous metal-containing waste.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01447155
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Metal co-injection moulding (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 15 (1996), S. 2033-2035 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4811
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00278613
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weakly nonlinear stability analyses of one-dimensional Turing pattern formation in activator-inhibitor/immobilizer model systems (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of mathematical biology 33 (1995), S. 771-815 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1416
    Keywords: Turing patterns ; CIMA/starch ; Brussellator/immobilizer ; Schnackenberg/immobilizer model systems ; One-dimensional nonlinear stability analyses
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract The development of one-dimensional Turing patterns characteristic of the chlorite-iodide-malonic acid/starch reaction as well as analogous Brussellator/immobilizer and Schnackenberg/immobilizer model systems is investigated by means of a weakly nonlinear stability analysis applied to the appropriately scaled governing equations. Then the theoretical predictions deduced from these pattern formation studies are compared with experimental evidence relevant to the Turing diffusive instabilities under examination in order to explain more fully the transition to such stationary symmetry-breaking spatial structures when the temperature or pool species concentrations vary.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00187282
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