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  • Chemical Engineering  (11)
  • Life Sciences (General)  (9)
  • 550 - Earth sciences  (5)
  • Mutation
  • 2000-2004
  • 1995-1999
  • 1990-1994  (27)
  • 1994  (27)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pressure swing adsorption reactors: Simulation of three-step one-bed process (1994)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 40 (1994), S. 1118-1137 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A three-step (feed, delay, and purge), one-column pressure swing adsorption reactor has been analyzed. An equilibrium model taking into account species mass balances, overall mass balance, momentum balance, reaction rate, and nonlinear multicomponent adsorption equilibrium isotherms was derived to describe the PSA reactor process. Numerical solution of model equations was obtained by using the method of orthogonal collocation on finite elements, and simulation results showed that 10-20% higher conversion than reaction equilibrium conversion in a fixed-bed reactor could be obtained from the PSA reactor for a reversible reaction A ⇄ B + C, such as dehydrogenation of ethane to ethylene and hydrogen on cadmium-exchanged zeolites, where only product B was assumed to be adsorbed. When both reactant A and product B are adsorbed, 10% higher conversion over the reaction equilibrium limit was observed for pure reactant feed. The effects of system and operating parameters on the process performance of the PSA reactor have been studies, as well as the bed dynamics of the PSA reactor at the cyclic steady state.
    Additional Material: 20 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690400705
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    J-R curve calculation with the normalization method for toughened polymers (1994)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 34 (1994), S. 128-134 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The method of normalization is used to develop the J-R curve fracture toughness characterization for polymeric materials. This method can develop J-R curves directly from load vs. displacement records without a need for an on-line crack monitoring system. It was used previously to develop J-R curves for metallic materials and is applied here for the first time to polymer materials. Single edge notched bend specimens of rubber toughened nylon 6/6 and rubber toughened amorphous nylon are used in this study. The J-R curves from the method of normalization are compared with the results obtained from the multiple specimen method of ASTM Standard E813. The results show that the method of normalization gives reasonable J-R curves; both methods show agreement over the early J-R curve region. In addition the JIc values are determined for each method and compared. Based on this work it is suggested that the method of normalization could be used as a general test method to develop J-R curves for polymeric materials.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760340209
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of moisture absorption on the tensile properties of short glass fiber reinforced poly(butylene terephthalate) (1994)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 34 (1994), S. 1645-1655 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Injection molded short glass fiber reinforced poly(butylene terephthalate) was subjected to hygrothermal aging at two different relative humidities - 81.2% and 100% RH. A single free phase model of diffusion has been used to analyze the data obtained from the kinetics of moisture absorption study. The diffusion coefficient and the equilibrium moisture content were found to be dependent on the volume fraction of fibers and relative humidity. Incorporation of short glass fibers into a poly(butylene terephthalate) matrix has led to a significant improvement in the retention and recoverability of the tensile properties. Examination of fracture surfaces using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) has revealed some evidence for the hydrolysis of the polymer matrix. The hydrolysis resulted in the formation of microvoids, the absence of a plastic deformation process, and degradation at the fiber-matrix interface.
    Additional Material: 17 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760342202
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bending properties of compression molded three-layer long fiber polypropylene composites (1994)
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Composites 15 (1994), S. 327-333 
    Details
    ISSN: 0272-8397
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The results of studies on bending properties of three-layer long fiber polypropylene composites are presented. Thirteen samples with glass fibers of various lengths (i.e., 13, 25, 50 mm and continuous fiber length) in the laminates were prepared by stamping. Bending properties of shorter lengths exhibited a large scatter. On substitution of the middle layer with a continuous glass fiber the scatter was reduced. These results have been explained on the basis of flow models and X-ray shadowgraphs, which showed that both slippage flow and orientation of the glass fiber during stamping are the major phenomena responsible for the scatter.
    Additional Material: 18 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pc.750150503
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Aspects of miscibility in poly(vinyl chloride)/epoxidized natural rubber blends. Part II: Dynamic mechanical properties (1994)
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Vinyl and Additive Technology 16 (1994), S. 226-230 
    Details
    ISSN: 0193-7197
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Miscibility in poly(vinyl chloride)/epoxidized natural rubber (PVC/ENR) blends was further investigated by means of dynamic mechanical analysis. The single glass transition temperature shown by the blends supported earlier observations of miscibility Furthermore, observed synergism in storage modulus has again reaffirmed the miscibility of these blends. A critical examination of the damping peaks at various compositions again revealed the microheterogeneous nature of the blends. Some theories relating glass transition temperature and modulus with miscibility were also used to examine miscibility. Agreement of the results with theories proposed by Gordon - Taylor and Kleiner has provided a further insight into the miscible nature of PVC/ENR blends.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/vnl.730160410
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Aspects of miscibility in poly(vinyl chloride)/epoxidized natural rubber blends. Part I: Mechanical and morphological properties (1994)
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Vinyl and Additive Technology 16 (1994), S. 219-225 
    Details
    ISSN: 0193-7197
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Miscibility in poly(vinyl chloride)/epoxidized natural rubber (PVC/ENR) blends was studied by examining evidence from tensile, impact, and physical properties. The observation of synergism in tensile strength, percent elongation at break, hardness, and relative density has reaffirmed PVC/ENR blends as miscible systems. Studies of impact properties, however, revealed that the blends are microheterogeneous in nature. This could be attributed to the large sizes of polymer molecules involved and the microgel content of ENR-50. Results from Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) revealed that hydrogen bonding is extensively involved in PVC/ENR systems. This evidence unveiled the exact nature of the specific interactions responsible for miscibility and hence the enhanced mechanical properties of PVC/ENR blends.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/vnl.730160409
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Simultaneous interpenetrating networks for tough matrix composites (1994)
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Composites 15 (1994), S. 479-487 
    Details
    ISSN: 0272-8397
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Graphite fiber reinforced epoxy composites normally exhibit low impact strength, poor delamination resistance, and low damage tolerance. Because delamination is a matrix-dominated failure mode, tougher matrix resins may be utilized to reduce or eliminate the adverse effects of delamination on the structural integrity of fiber composites. The effects of modifying epoxy network morphology by introducing polyurethane in the form of an interpentrating network were studied. The compatibility, toughness, and tensile properties of the matrix as well as the properties of the resultant laminates were evaluated. One of the conclusions arising was that the interpenetrating network morphology results in superior resin and composites toughness with increasing polyurethane content. However, the benefits of increased resin toughness did not necessarily translate into proportionally increased composite owing to the geomertical limitations placed on the plastic deformation zones in laminates.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pc.750150613
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Flow behavior of stampable sheet with a rib part (1994)
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Composites 15 (1994), S. 393-400 
    Details
    ISSN: 0272-8397
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The effect of die design on the flow characteristics of compression molded three-layer long glass fiber reinforced polypropylene composite, known as “stampable sheet,” was investigated. The flow behavior of each layer was observed by optical and soft X-ray photographs. The fiber flow length into the rib part was measured by an image processing system. The results showed that during compression resin exudation occurred and that this depended on the die's rib width. Thus, the larger the rib width, the lower the amount of resin exuded. Resin exudation was found to occur earlier in a die with zero fillet radius. The fiber flow length into the rib part was enhanced by using a die with a large fillet radius. The results were confirmed by a short-shot molding process. In this process, the stamping operation was stopped short of making a complete part.A finite element method was used to study the flow process. The results agree with the experimental results confirmed by short-shot molding.
    Additional Material: 18 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pc.750150603
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mechanical properties of carbon fiber reinforced polyester/urethane hybrid network compositesBased in part on the MS thesis of J. L. Yu. (1994)
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Composites 15 (1994), S. 488-495 
    Details
    ISSN: 0272-8397
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Hybrid resins of unsaturated polyester/urethane were synthesized and characterized. Both the toughness and stiffness of the polyester were improved significantly by incorporating 20 wt% urethane. Unsaturated polyester, styrene, and ethane showed good compatibility during blending and probably formed a simultaneous interpenetrating network (IPN) during polymerization. The resultant IPN morphology possessed a unique glass transition temperature. This IPN morphology not only imparted great fracture resistance to the otherwise brittle polyester, but also changed the fracture mode of new resin composites. The molecular weight of unsaturated polyesters did not have significant effect on the mechanical properties, but did exert an apparent influence on the fracture mode. During the cure process the side reaction, an amine reaction, could be suppressed addition of suitable promoter and catalyst.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pc.750150614
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of moisture absorption on the dynamic mechanical properties of short carbon fiber reinforced nylon 6, 6 (1994)
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Composites 15 (1994), S. 223-230 
    Details
    ISSN: 0272-8397
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A study of hygrothermal aging in terms of the kinetics of moisture absorption by nylon 6,6 and its carbon fiber reinforced composites has been carried out. The single free phase model of absorption has been applied to the kinetic data and thereafter the values of diffusivity have been evaluted. The diffusivity was found to be dependent on the conditioning temperatures and the volume fraction of fibers. Dynamic mechanical properties of unaged and aged samples were studied using a free resonance torsion pendulum which covers a temperature range of 350°C. Incorporation of carbon fibers has led to an increase in structural rigidity of the nylon 6,6 matrix especially at higher temperatures. This was reflected by the sharp increase in the relative shear modulus as the glass transition temperature of nylon 6,6 is appoached. Absorbed moisture was observed to plasticize the polymer matrix and decreased the temperatures of all the transitions. For instance, the α-transition was shifted by almost 95°C. The intensities of the transition peaks of both unaged and aged samples were found to decrease with fiber volume fraction. Increasing the conditioning temperatures has resulted in a reduction of the shear storage modulus and this effect was found to be more pronounced in the reinforced nylon 6,6. This has been attributed to the increase in the extent of degradation at the fiber-matrix interface.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pc.750150308
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