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  • Animals  (4)
  • STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
  • 2005-2009
  • 1990-1994  (5)
  • 1980-1984
  • 1994  (5)
  • 1
    Publication Date: 1994-12-09
    Description: Growth factors activate mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), including extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs) and Jun kinases (JNKs). Although the signaling cascade from growth factor receptors to ERKs is relatively well understood, the pathway leading to JNK activation is more obscure. Activation of JNK by epidermal growth factor (EGF) or nerve growth factor (NGF) was dependent on H-Ras activation, whereas JNK activation by tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) was Ras-independent. Ras activates two protein kinases, Raf-1 and MEK (MAPK, or ERK, kinase) kinase (MEKK). Raf-1 contributes directly to ERK activation but not to JNK activation, whereas MEKK participated in JNK activation but caused ERK activation only after overexpression. These results demonstrate the existence of two distinct Ras-dependent MAPK cascades--one initiated by Raf-1 leading to ERK activation, and the other initiated by MEKK leading to JNK activation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Minden, A -- Lin, A -- McMahon, M -- Lange-Carter, C -- Derijard, B -- Davis, R J -- Johnson, G L -- Karin, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1994 Dec 9;266(5191):1719-23.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla 92093-0636.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7992057" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 3T3 Cells ; Animals ; Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases/*metabolism ; Enzyme Activation/drug effects ; Epidermal Growth Factor/pharmacology ; Genes, ras ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases ; *MAP Kinase Kinase Kinase 1 ; Mice ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1 ; *Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases ; Nerve Growth Factors/pharmacology ; PC12 Cells ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/*metabolism ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/*metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/*metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-raf ; Rats ; Transfection ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/pharmacology ; ras Proteins/*pharmacology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 1994-11-04
    Description: The EPH-related transmembrane tyrosine kinases constitute the largest known family of receptor-like tyrosine kinases, with many members displaying specific patterns of expression in the developing and adult nervous system. A family of cell surface-bound ligands exhibiting distinct, but overlapping, specificities for these EPH-related kinases was identified. These ligands were unable to act as conventional soluble factors. However, they did function when presented in membrane-bound form, suggesting that they require direct cell-to-cell contact to activate their receptors. Membrane attachment may serve to facilitate ligand dimerization or aggregation, because antibody-mediated clustering activated previously inactive soluble forms of these ligands.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Davis, S -- Gale, N W -- Aldrich, T H -- Maisonpierre, P C -- Lhotak, V -- Pawson, T -- Goldfarb, M -- Yancopoulos, G D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1994 Nov 4;266(5186):816-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY 10591.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7973638" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Cell Line ; Cell Membrane/*metabolism ; *DNA-Binding Proteins ; Ephrin-A1 ; Ephrin-B1 ; Humans ; Ligands ; Membrane Proteins/chemistry/*metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Neurons/metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Proteins/chemistry/*metabolism ; *Proto-Oncogene Proteins ; Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/*metabolism ; *Receptor, EphA5 ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Retroviridae Proteins, Oncogenic/*metabolism ; Solubility ; *Transcription Factors ; Transfection ; Tumor Cells, Cultured ; ets-Domain Protein Elk-1
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 1994-01-07
    Description: A recently defined family of cytokines, consisting of ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF), leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), oncostatin M (OSM), and interleukin-6 (IL-6), utilize the Jak-Tyk family of cytoplasmic tyrosine kinases. The beta receptor components for this cytokine family, gp130 and LIF receptor beta, constitutively associate with Jak-Tyk kinases. Activation of these kinases occurs as a result of ligand-induced dimerization of the receptor beta components. Unlike other cytokine receptors studied to date, the receptors for the CNTF cytokine family utilize all known members of the Jak-Tyk family, but induce distinct patterns of Jak-Tyk phosphorylation in different cell lines.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stahl, N -- Boulton, T G -- Farruggella, T -- Ip, N Y -- Davis, S -- Witthuhn, B A -- Quelle, F W -- Silvennoinen, O -- Barbieri, G -- Pellegrini, S -- P30 CA21765/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK42932/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1994 Jan 7;263(5143):92-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, NY 10591.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8272873" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Antigens, CD ; Cell Line ; Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor ; Cytokine Receptor gp130 ; Cytokines/metabolism/*pharmacology ; Enzyme Activation ; *Growth Inhibitors ; *Interleukin-6 ; Janus Kinase 1 ; Janus Kinase 2 ; Leukemia Inhibitory Factor ; *Lymphokines ; Membrane Glycoproteins/*metabolism ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/metabolism/pharmacology ; Oncostatin M ; Peptides/metabolism/pharmacology ; Phosphorylation ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/*metabolism ; Proteins/metabolism ; *Proto-Oncogene Proteins ; Receptor, Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor ; Receptors, Cytokine/*metabolism ; Receptors, Growth Factor/metabolism ; Receptors, Interleukin/metabolism ; Receptors, Interleukin-6 ; Receptors, OSM-LIF ; Receptors, Oncostatin M ; Tyrosine/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1994-08-05
    Description: The osmotic balance between the cytoplasmic and extracellular compartments of cells is critical for the control of cell volume. A mammalian protein kinase, Jnk, which is a distant relative of the mitogen-activated protein kinase group, was activated by phosphorylation on threonine and tyrosine in osmotically shocked cells. The activation of Jnk may be relevant to the biological response to osmotic shock because the expression of human Jnk in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae rescued a defect in growth on hyper-osmolar media. These data indicate that related protein kinases may mediate osmosensing signal transduction in yeast and mammalian cells.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Galcheva-Gargova, Z -- Derijard, B -- Wu, I H -- Davis, R J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1994 Aug 5;265(5173):806-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester 01605.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8047888" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; CHO Cells ; Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases/genetics ; Cricetinae ; Cricetulus ; Enzyme Activation ; Genetic Complementation Test ; JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases ; *Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Osmotic Pressure ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/*physiology ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genetics ; *Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins ; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid ; Signal Transduction/*physiology ; Water-Electrolyte Balance/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: This report documents the conceptual design study performed to evaluate design options for a subscale dynamic test model which could be used to investigate the expected on-orbit structural dynamic characteristics of the Space Station Freedom early build configurations. The baseline option was a 'near-replica' model of the SSF SC-7 pre-integrated truss configuration. The approach used to develop conceptual design options involved three sets of studies: evaluation of the full-scale design and analysis databases, conducting scale factor trade studies, and performing design sensitivity studies. The scale factor trade study was conducted to develop a fundamental understanding of the key scaling parameters that drive design, performance and cost of a SSF dynamic scale model. Four scale model options were estimated: 1/4, 1/5, 1/7, and 1/10 scale. Prototype hardware was fabricated to assess producibility issues. Based on the results of the study, a 1/4-scale size is recommended based on the increased model fidelity associated with a larger scale factor. A design sensitivity study was performed to identify critical hardware component properties that drive dynamic performance. A total of 118 component properties were identified which require high-fidelity replication. Lower fidelity dynamic similarity scaling can be used for non-critical components.
    Keywords: STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Type: NASA-CR-4598 , NAS 1.26:4598 , LMSC/F440397
    Format: application/pdf
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