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  • Chemistry  (326)
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (326)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
  • American Geophysical Union
  • PANGAEA
  • 1990-1994  (326)
  • 1993  (326)
Collection
Keywords
Publisher
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (326)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
  • American Geophysical Union
  • PANGAEA
Years
  • 1990-1994  (326)
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rheology and structure of liquid crystalline alkylenearomatic polyesters (1993)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 33 (1993), S. 889-894 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The rheological, thermodynamic and structural properties of two liquid crystalline polyesters - poly(oxyfumaroyloxy- 1,4-phenylene carbonyloxyalkyleneoxycarbonyl- 1,4-phenylene)s with six and ten methylene groups (PES-6 and PES- 10, respectively) and a statistical copolyester (co-PES) have been investigated. It has been shown that they all form a smectic LC-phase. The change from homopolyesters to co-PE S expands the temperature range of the LC-state. The high sensitivity of the structure to the prehistory in the melt state is typical for such copolymers. Prolonged heating leads to rearrangement of the co-PES crystalline structure and a drastic increase in viscosity. The orientation of these polymers during flow was investigated. It was shown that a high level of molecular orientation of the smectic layers, perpendicular to the direction of flow, was realized at high shear stresses. In the melt region, the existence of a metastable network with junctions of crystalline nature hinders the flow of the homo- and copolyesters. The structure of the unit cell of the crystallites depends on the composition and thermal history.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760331404
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Poly-C-vinyltetrazoles: A new type of polyacid (1993)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 31 (1993), S. 1903-1906 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1993.080310729
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermal decomposition of glassy poly(di-t-butyl fumarate) as a topochemical reaction (1993)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 31 (1993), S. 395-401 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: poly(di-t-Butyl fumarate) ; thermal decomposition ; kinetics ; autocatalysis ; solid-phase reaction mechanism ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Decomposition of t-butyl carboxylate (TBC) groups in a glassy poly(di-t-butyl fumarate) (PDTBF) at 140-170°C proceeds with a sharp acceleration caused by interchain interaction of TBC and carboxylic groups. According to selective dissolution data, at 70% degree of conversion the reaction system contains both unchanged PDTBF and a final product: poly(fumaric acid). For TBC groups decomposition in di-t-butyl fumarate (DTBF)-styrene copolymers above their Tg an apparent rate constant of autocatalysis increases with the increase of DTBF content in copolymer. Together with previously obtained x-ray data these results lead to conclusions about the topochemical character of the PDTBF decomposition. The mechanism suggested includes thermal decomposition of TBC groups (initiation), autocatalytic growth of spheric clusters up to a critical size (an appearance of primary germs of the new phase), and growth and branching of thread-like germs. A mathematical model based on these assumptions describes quantitatively the kinetic data. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1993.080310212
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Parametric study on the bulk hydraircooling of spherical food products (1993)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 39 (1993), S. 1870-1884 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A numerical study of the bulk hydraircooling of spherical food products is performed using the technique of spraying chilled water to form a thin film over the food products while blowing cold unsaturated air in the countercurrent or cocurrent direction. This precooling process is found to combine the advantages of hydro-and air cooling.Governing equations describing the simultaneous heat and mass transfer occurring in the hydraircooling process for both counterflow and parallel-flow arrangements are solved using finite-difference numerical methods. A parametric study is performed to determine the effect of important processing parameters on the process time. It is generally observed that higher quantities of spray water, air-mass flow rate and product thermal conductivity, as well as lower values of water temperature will result in faster rates of cooling. For the same operating conditions, parallel-flow arrangement leads to higher plant capacities.
    Additional Material: 18 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690391114
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transport characteristics and other physicochemical properties of aged poly(1-(trimethylsilyl)-1-;propyne) (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 48 (1993), S. 1935-1944 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Samples of poly[1-(trimethylsilyl)-1-propyne] were kept for about 4 years in ambient conditions. The permeability and diffusion coefficients were examined and found to be decreased by 1-2 orders of magnitude. To ascertain the nature of the changes underwent during long-term storage of this polymer, several physicochemical methods were applied: positron annihilation, wide-angle X-ray diffraction, spin probe, and density evaluation. These studies indicated that a decrease of free volume and more close chain packing took place during the aging process. IR spectroscopy and 13C-NMR showed that oxygen-containing products appeared in the polymer after long-term storage. This should result in a certain decrease in the rigidity of the backbone chains and more intensive interchain in-teractions, and, hence, in a decrease in the free volume of the aged polymer. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1993.070481107
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Surface modification of polyethylene and polypropylene by ion implantation (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 49 (1993), S. 1939-1942 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The creation of oxidized structures and double bonds in polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP) samples implanted with P+ ions was studied. The surface polarity and the electrical conductivity of the ion-implanted polymers were also examined. As a result of the ion implantation, the polymer macromolecules are broken up and the material is degraded. An oxygen penetration into the radiation-damaged polymers is also observed, with PE being more vulnerable to the oxidation. The ion-implanted PP exhibits higher surface polarity and sheet conductivity compared to that of PE. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1993.070491109
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of N2O4 on the crystalline structure of cellulose (1993)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 31 (1993), S. 567-574 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: cellulose, effect of N2O4 on crystallinity of ; crystallinity of cellulose, effect of N2O4 on ; crystallization of cellulose-N2O4 systems ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Depending on reaction conditions, the system cellulose-N2O4 may give two different unstable crystalline compounds, one being an ester (cellulose trinitrite), the second, an adduct of cellulose and HNO3 (the Knecht compound). For these compounds, mechanisms of the formation of the crystalline phase as a result of topochemical reaction and self-organization are discussed. The different characteristics of structural transformations of the fiber under nitrosation and nitration are noted. The existence of polymorphic forms of the Knecht compound is suggested. These labile nitrogen-containing compounds make possible the regeneration of cellulose in its various modifications (cellulose I, II, IV, or amorphous cellulose) from the cellulose-N2O4 system. The formation of unstable compounds and their ability to crystallize in the reaction medium allows the passage from amorphous cellulose to its crystalline modifications II or IV under mild conditions. The causes of decrystallization of cellulose by N2O4 are established. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/polb.1993.090310507
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The influence of implantation conditions on the surface structure of polypropylene (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 49 (1993), S. 1299-1301 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The influence of the fluence and the energy of implanted F+ ions on the surface structure of polypropylene was studied by measuring the contact angle and UV-visible spectra. With increasing ion fluence and energy, the polar component of the surface energy increases. At the same time, the number and the length of double-conjugated bindings in the polymer also increase. With higher ion energy, an increasing number of conjugations are observed but their length remains unchanged. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1993.070490719
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Carbon fiber heat treatment temperature and electrophysical properties of composite materials filled with these fibers (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 50 (1993), S. 2035-2038 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Conductivities of composites filled with different carbon fibers having different heat treatment temperatures (HTT) have been studied. It is shown that conductivity realization coefficient decreases with the increase of HTT. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1993.070501123
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electron affinities of higher fullerenes (1993)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 7 (1993), S. 1009-1011 
    Details
    ISSN: 0951-4198
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Knudsen cell mass spectrometry has been used for the investigation of ion-molecule equilibria between gaseous neutral species and negative ions in fullerenc vapors at 800-900 K. Equilibrium constants of one-electron exchange reactions between C60 and the higher fullerenes C70, C76, C78 and C84 have been measured. Electron affinities of C70, C76, C78 and C84 were found to be 2.72 ± 0.05, 2.88 ± 0.05, 3.01 ± 0.07, and 3.05 ± 0.08 eV respectively. Negative ions of C86, C90, and C92 were observed, and the lower limit of electron affinities for these species was estimated as ≥3.0eV.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rcm.1290071109
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