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  • pH  (10)
  • Springer  (10)
  • Institute of Physics
  • Oxford University Press
  • 1990-1994  (10)
  • 1965-1969
  • 1993  (10)
Collection
Keywords
Publisher
  • Springer  (10)
  • Institute of Physics
  • Oxford University Press
Years
  • 1990-1994  (10)
  • 1965-1969
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of changes in plasma pH, CO2 and ammonia on ventilation in trout (1993)
    Springer
    Fish physiology and biochemistry 10 (1993), S. 507-515 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5168
    Keywords: ammonia ; carbon dioxide ; catecholamines ; pH ; rainbow trout ; ventilation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract We investigated ventillatory responses to a plasma alkaloids and hypocapnia,a nd the basis for the ventilatory response to sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) infusion in rainbow trout. Plasma alkalosis and hypocapnia created by infusion of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) did not cause hypoventilation, whereas infusion of hydrochloric acid (HCl) caused vigorous hyperventilation, associated with an acidosis, a reduction in blood O2 content (CaO 2) and a release of circulating catecholamines. Infusion of NaHCO3 stimulated ventilation and caused an increase in plasma pH, total carbon dioxide content (CaCO 2) and catecholamine levels, and a reduction in oxygen tension (PaO 2). Infusion of ammonium bicarbonate (NH 4HCO3) caused hyperventilation and was associated with an increase in CaCO 2 and plasma total ammonia (Camm) and ammonia gas (NH3) concentration. Infusion of sodium chloride (NaClI) and Cortland's saline had no effect on ventilation. The results indicate that trout do not exhibit the ventilatory sensitivity to pH seen in terrestrial vertebrates. Ventilatory responses to NaHCO3 appear to have been a result of reductions in PaO 2, a release of catecholamines and an increase in CaCO 2 whereas responses to NH4HCO3 appear to have been a result of increases in CaCO 2 and Camm.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00004606
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Measurement of pH at elevated temperatures using the optical indicator acridine (1993)
    Springer
    Journal of solution chemistry 22 (1993), S. 651-661 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8927
    Keywords: Optical indicator ; pH ; acid dissociation constant ; acridine ; benzoic acid
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract A new method of measuring the pH of high-temperature aqueous solutions using optical indicators was developed. The absorbance spectrum of acridine changes as a function of pH, allowing its use as an optical indicator for pH. The pKa of acridine were experimentally determined in KOH-AcOH pH-buffer solutions at temperatures from 5 to 250°C at vaporsaturated pressures: $$pKa = 5.62 + 1158{\text{ }}/{\text{ }}T{\text{ - }}0.7168{\text{ }}lnT$$ where T is in Kelvin. The technique is demonstrated by experimentally determining the pKa of benzoic acid at temperatures up to 250°C where the result was $$pKa{\text{ }}(benzoic{\text{ }}acid) = {\text{ - }}60.67 + 3069{\text{ }}/{\text{ }}T{\text{ }} + {\text{ }}9.5542{\text{ }}lnT$$
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00646784
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of forbs and shrubs on ruminal fermentation and digesta kinetics in sheep fed a grass hay/straw diet (1993)
    Springer
    Agroforestry systems 24 (1993), S. 145-156 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9680
    Keywords: blue grama ; barley straw ; alfalfa ; forbs ; shrubs ; wethers ; supplementation ; pH ; ammonia-concentrations ; ruminal fermentation digesta kinetics ; in situ digestibility
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Four ruminally cannulated, Debouillet wethers were used in a 4×4 latin square experiment to evaluate the influence of a forb mix, a shrub mix and alfalfa (ALF) hay on ruminal fermentation characteristics and digesta kinetics of a basal grass hay/straw (GH/S; 1.04% N) diet. The grass hay was mostly blue grama (Bouteloua gracilis) mixed with barley (Hordeum vulgare) straw. Wethers were fed either the GH/S mix (70∶30), GH/S∶ALF (29∶58∶13), GH/S∶forbs (26∶54∶20), or GH/S∶shrubs (26∶54∶20). The forb component consisted of equal parts of scarlet globemallow (Sphaeralcea coccinea) and leatherleaf croton (Croton corymbulosus) while shrubs were composed of equal parts of fourwing saltbush (Atriplex canescens) and mountain mahogany (Cercocarpus montanus). Ruminal pH, ammonia-N, as well as total VFA concentrations and molar proportions of individual VFA did not differ among diets. Particulate passage rates tended (P〉0.10) to be greater for diets containing ALF, forbs or shrubs (2.8, 2.9 and 2.8% h−1) than the GH/S diet (2.5% h−1). In situ DM and NDF disappearance of a GH/straw (50∶50) mix did not differ among treatments at most incubation times, except at 96 h when extent of both DM and NDF disappearance were greater (P〈0.05) in sheep fed either forbs or shrubs than in those fed other diets.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00706888
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modeling the cucumber fermentation: Growth ofLactobacillus plantarum (1993)
    Springer
    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 12 (1993), S. 341-345 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Keywords: Lactic acid bacteria ; Lactic acid ; Acetic acid ; Sodium chloride ; pH ; Hydrogen ion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary Specific growth rate models of product-inhibited cell growth exist but are rarely applied to fermentations beyond ethanol and large-scale antibiotic production. The present paper summarizes experimental data and the development of a model for growth of the commercially important bacterium,Lactobacillus plantarum, in cucumber juice. The model provides an excellent correlation of data for the influence on bacterial growth rate of NaCl, protons (H+), and the neutral, inhibitory forms of acetic acid and the fermentation product, lactic acid. The effects of each of the variables are first modeled separately using established functional forms and then combined in the final model formulation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01584212
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Study of physicochemical factors limiting the growth ofKluyveromyces marxianus (1993)
    Springer
    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 11 (1993), S. 157-161 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Keywords: Kluyveromyces ; Growth rate ; Temperature ; Water activity ; pH
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary The effects of various physicochemical parameters on the growth of twoKluyveromyces marxianus strains were investigated, including: pH values, sodium chloride, water activity in the medium and temperature. Both yeast strains were unaffected by pH changes. Optimal pH for growth was found to be 4 with both strains, but they were able to develop within the pH 3–8 range. Suitable growth was obtained at temperatures of 4–44°C and the optimal temperature for growth was 36°C for both strains. Modelling of this latter parameter is described. Growth of both microorganisms was considerably modified by increased NaCl or decreased water activity in the medium.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01583717
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of Receiver Fluid pH on in Vitro Skin Flux of Weakly lonizable Drugs (1993)
    Springer
    Pharmaceutical research 10 (1993), S. 986-990 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-904X
    Keywords: skin permeation ; pH ; diffusion ; mass transport ; ionization ; partition coefficients
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract In in vitro skin permeation experiments, the pH of viable epidermis is readily conditioned by the receiver fluid. For weakly ionizable compounds, the flux determined experimentally thus depends on the receiver fluid pH. The purpose of the present work is to characterize this pH effect, since nonphysiological conditions have often been used in the receiver fluid to enhance the solubility of the subject compounds. A transport model was developed to analyze the above-mentioned pH effect of the receiver fluid on the steady state flux of weakly ionizable drugs. The results showed that the skin flux had a strong dependence on pH for those compounds with high intrinsic partition coefficients. Experimentally, this pH effect was observed with a model acid and a model base. The skin flux was found to have a profound dependence on the receiver fluid pH. This dependence also correlates with the octanol/water partition coefficient of the molecule. It was concluded that the use of a physiological receiver fluid would be crucial for a realistic estimation of transdermal potential. The results also suggested that, for weakly ionizable compounds with high partition coefficients, the viable epidermis could be a significant transport barrier for systemic absorption.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018954420874
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of pH on Mn absorption by barley genotypes in a chelate-buffered nutrient solution (1993)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 155-156 (1993), S. 437-440 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: absorption ; barley ; chelate ; genotype ; HEDTA ; MES ; Mn ; pH ; Tris
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract A new chelate-buffering technique was used to investigate the effect of pH (6.00, 6.85 and 7.70) on manganese (Mn) absorption from nutrient solution by three genotypes of barley plants differeing in Mn efficiency. The nutrient composition was adjusted such that the calculated activities of Mn2+, Zn2+, Cu2+ and Ni2+ were similar in each pH, thus eliminating any effect of the pH treatment on Mn2+ supply. Increasing pH from 6.00 to 7.70 increased the rate of Mn absorption and decreased the external Mn requirement for optimal growth rate. With increasing pH, Mn concentrations in roots rose markedly, and were higher than those in shoots at pH 7.70. Genotypic differences in Mn concentration of roots appeared only at higher pH. We suggest that higher Mn concentration in roots of inefficient plants may be related to Mn immobilisation in roots, and this may be a factor in the mechanism of Mn efficiency.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00025077
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phosphorus fractions in soil solution: Influence of soil acidity and fertiliser additions (1993)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 148 (1993), S. 175-183 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: carbon ; fertiliser ; fractionation ; pH ; phosphorus ; soil ; soil solution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The influence of soil acidity and phosphorus fertilization on phosphorus fractions and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in soil solution was quantified experimentally in an iron humus podzol. Soil solution was isolated by centrifugation from top- and sub-soil samples. Total dissolved phosphorus (TDP), dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP), dissolved organic phosphorus (DOP) and DOC increased as soil pH and P status increased. DOP was the fraction present at the highest concentration (0.080–0.464 mg P L−1) for the majority of samples. DOC and DOP concentrations which remained relatively constant down the soil profile were also highly correlated. Soluble organic P compounds may make a significant contribution to plant available soil P particularly for soils with low fertility levels. The relatively high DOP concentrations (ca 0.227 mg P L−1) found throughout the soil profile have important consequences with regards to P leaching and plant nutrition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00012855
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of acute pH depression on the survival of the freshwater amphipod Hyalella azteca at variable temperatures: field and laboratory studies (1993)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 254 (1993), S. 91-98 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: pH ; temperature ; Hyalella ; bioassay ; lethality
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Field observations on temperature and pH of a small pond showed that a amphipod population of Hyalella azteca was exposed to variable seasonal pH between 5.10–5.85, and water temperatures between 2–21 °C. Laboratory experiments were designed to simulate seasonal temperatures and field pHs of a small pond habitat. Laboratory bioassay experiments were conducted to determine the survival of Hyalella azteca at pHs 4, 5, 6 and 7, and varying temperatures of 5°, 10°, 15°, 20° and 25 °C. The LT100 at pH 4 and 25 °C was 5.7 ± 0.47 days, compared to 47.3 ± 2.49 days at 5 °C. An Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) showed temperature was a significant (p 〉 0.0001) source of variation in the acute lethality of pH to H. azteca. A Duncans Multiple Range Test (DMRT) further showed that in laboratory experiments at pH 4, there was a significant difference (α = 0.01) between the LT100s at 5°, 10°, 15° and 20 °C, but not between temperatures 20° and 25 °C.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00014312
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The running-water beetles (Coleoptera) of a river catchment in northern England (1993)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 264 (1993), S. 33-45 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Water beetles ; running-water ; substrate structure ; pH ; logistic regression ; strategies
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract 202 running-water sites in the catchment of the River Rede, a tributary of the River Tyne in northern England, were sampled for invertebrates in 1990. The distributions of water beetle species were investigated using logistic regression with several environmental factors. A number of site structure characteristics were assessed and the presence or absence of silt (as peat or clay) was found to be the most important single variable. Shingle, pebbles, cobbles, boulders and the amount of vegetation present were less important substrate variables. The distance from stream source reflected substrate structure and site gradient was a poor determinant of species distribution. A composite variable, termed the exposure index, was derived from all the site structure characteristics using an ordination and was found to be useful in explaining species distribution. Water pH also affected distributions considerably. Two variable analyses using the exposure index and water pH gave the best explanation of species distribution. The two variables used together were a reflection of productivity and disturbance, the two main components of habitat templates and strategy theory. The distribution of water beetle species in the Rede catchment was a product of these factors, which, in turn, were a product of the geography of the catchment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00014662
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