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  • American Institute of Physics (AIP)  (6)
  • International Union of Crystallography  (5)
  • Amsterdam : Elsevier
  • Geological Society of America (GSA)
  • 2015-2019  (4)
  • 1995-1999  (5)
  • 1990-1994  (4)
  • 2015  (4)
  • 1998  (5)
  • 1993  (4)
Collection
Publisher
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  • 2015-2019  (4)
  • 1995-1999  (5)
  • 1990-1994  (4)
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Picosecond measurement of substrate-to-adsorbate energy transfer: The frustrated translation of CO/Pt(111) (1993)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 98 (1993), S. 9986-9994 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The transient infrared response of CO/Pt(111) following picosecond visible excitation is reported. A spectrally broad decrease in reflectivity correlates with heating of the Pt lattice, and an observed shift in the CO(v=0→1) transition is interpreted as heating of the 60 cm−1 in-plane frustrated translational mode. A phenomenological three temperature model that assumes the adsorbate vibrational temperature Tads exclusively couples to either the electronic temperature Te (with a time constant τe) or to the lattice temperature Tlat (with a time constant τlat) describes the temporal response of the adsorbate vibrations. The lattice phonon temperature Tlat(z,t) and measured temperature dependence of the optical constants predict the observed spectrally broad reflectivity change. Density matrix methods model the infrared response of the transiently heated molecule. Limits of τe=2±1 ps or τlat〈1 ps are established by comparison of predicted spectra and the data.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.464324
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of the cubic to hexagonal fraction in GaN nucleation layers using grazing incidence x-ray scattering (1998)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 72 (1998), S. 2972-2974 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Recent electron diffraction and microscopy studies of GaN nucleation layers have shown that faults in the stacking of the close-packed planes result in the coexistence of cubic and hexagonal phases within the layers. Using grazing incidence x-ray scattering, we have quantified the proportion of the cubic and hexagonal phases throughout the nucleation layer. We compare the structure of a 20 nm nucleation layer grown on sapphire by atmospheric pressure metal-organic chemical vapor deposition at 525 °C to that of an identical layer heated to 1060 °C. The fractions of cubic and hexagonal phases in the layers are determined by a comparison of the scattering data with a Hendricks–Teller model. High temperature exposure results in a decrease of the cubic fraction from 0.56 to 0.17. The good agreement with the Hendricks–Teller model indicates that the positions of the stacking faults are uncorrelated. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.121511
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Contrast reversal in scanning capacitance microscopy imaging (1998)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 73 (1998), S. 2597-2599 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have investigated the quantification properties of scanning capacitance microscopy (SCM) by using two dedicated test structures and highlight the response of SCM to changes in dopant density. Our results indicate that contrast reversal occurs and that the SCM output is not always a monotonically increasing signal with decreasing dopant density. Two epitaxially grown staircase structures covering the doping ranges 1014–1020 cm−3 p type and 5×1014–5×1019 cm−3 n type were produced for this study as the turning point in the response function typically occurs at a doping level of around 1017 cm−3. Through the use of a simple simulation model we see that contrast reversal is expected due to a relative shift between the dC/dV curves for different doping levels. The onset of contrast reversal can be adjusted by changing the dc sample bias leading to a shift in the operating position of the SCM, and the significance of this point will be discussed here. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.122517
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Internal surfaces of porous media studied by nuclear magnetic resonance cryoporometry (1998)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 108 (1998), S. 8195-8198 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The filling processes of water and cyclohexane in porous silica (with a characteristic pore size of 60 Å) are investigated using the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technique of cryoporometry. In this technique, the liquid was frozen in the pores before the temperature was raised gradually; melting the smallest particles first and then particles of increased size. The volume of the molten liquid present was measured using the height of a T2 spin echo. The experiments were performed with filling fractions ranging from 10% to 100%. The results showed distinctly different behaviors of the fluids, which depended on the surface adhesion. It was found that water (a fluid which wets the pore surface) forms small puddles—much smaller than the smallest pore size—at low filling fractions. These puddles grow in size as more water is added until all the pore volume is filled. Cyclohexane (a non-wetting fluid) on the other hand, does not form small puddles but completely fills the pores with a preference for the smaller pores. Water is found to give more accurate results for the pore size distribution than cyclohexane, in 60 Å silica. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.476175
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  • 5
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    Electron mobility enhancement in (100) oxygen-inserted silicon channel (2015)
    American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-09-22
    Description: High performance improvement (+88% in peak G m and 〉30% in linear and saturation region drain currents) was observed for N-MOSFETs with Oxygen-Inserted (OI) Si channel. From TCAD analysis of the C-V measurement data, the improvement was confirmed to be due to electron mobility enhancement of the OI Si channel (+75% at N inv  = 4.0 × 10 12  cm −2 and +25% at N inv  = 8.0 × 10 12  cm −2 ). Raman and high-resolution Rutherford backscattering measurements confirmed that negligible strain is induced in the OI Si layer, and hence, it cannot be used to explain the origin of mobility improvement. Poisson-Schrödinger based quantum mechanical simulation was performed, taking into account phonon, surface roughness and Coulomb scatterings. The OI layer was modeled as a “quasi barrier” region with reference to the Si conduction band edge to confine inversion electrons. Simulation explains the measured electron mobility enhancement as the confinement effect of inversion electrons while the formation of an super-steep retrograde well doping profile in the channel (as a result of dopant diffusion blocking effect accompanied by introduction of the OI layer) also contributes 50%–60% of the mobility improvement.
    Print ISSN: 0003-6951
    Electronic ISSN: 1077-3118
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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  • 6
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    Kinematics of shallow backthrusts in the Seattle fault zone, Washington State (2015)
    Geological Society of America (GSA)
    In: Geosphere
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-12-02
    Description: Near-surface thrust fault splays and antithetic backthrusts at the tips of major thrust fault systems can distribute slip across multiple shallow fault strands, complicating earthquake hazard analyses based on studies of surface faulting. The shallow expression of the fault strands forming the Seattle fault zone of Washington State shows the structural relationships and interactions between such fault strands. Paleoseismic studies document an ~7000 yr history of earthquakes on multiple faults within the Seattle fault zone, with some backthrusts inferred to rupture in small (M ~5.5–6.0) earthquakes at times other than during earthquakes on the main thrust faults. We interpret seismic-reflection profiles to show three main thrust faults, one of which is a blind thrust fault directly beneath downtown Seattle, and four small backthrusts within the Seattle fault zone. We then model fault slip, constrained by shallow deformation, to show that the Seattle fault forms a fault propagation fold rather than the alternatively proposed roof thrust system. Fault slip modeling shows that back-thrust ruptures driven by moderate (M ~6.5–6.7) earthquakes on the main thrust faults are consistent with the paleoseismic data. The results indicate that paleoseismic data from the back-thrust ruptures reveal the times of moderate earthquakes on the main fault system, rather than indicating smaller (M ~5.5–6.0) earthquakes involving only the backthrusts. Estimates of cumulative shortening during known Seattle fault zone earthquakes support the inference that the Seattle fault has been the major seismic hazard in the northern Cascadia forearc in the late Holocene.
    Electronic ISSN: 1553-040X
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Geological Society of America (GSA)
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  • 7
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    A sub-crustal piercing point for North Atlantic reconstructions and tectonic implications (2015)
    Geological Society of America (GSA)
    In: Geology
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-11-19
    Description: Plate tectonic reconstructions are usually constrained by the correlation of lineaments of surface geology and crustal structures. This procedure is, however, largely dependent on and complicated by assumptions on crustal structure and thinning and the identification of the continent-ocean transition. We identify two geophysically and geometrically similar upper mantle structures in the North Atlantic and suggest that these represent remnants of the same Caledonian collision event. The identification of this structural lineament provides a sub-crustal piercing point and hence a novel opportunity to tie plate tectonic reconstructions. Further, this structure coincides with the location of some major tectonic events of the North Atlantic post-orogenic evolution such as the occurrence of the Iceland Melt Anomaly and the separation of the Jan Mayen microcontinent. We suggest that this inherited orogenic structure played a major role in the control of North Atlantic tectonic processes.
    Print ISSN: 0091-7613
    Electronic ISSN: 1943-2682
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Geological Society of America (GSA)
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  • 8
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    Generalizing Murray's law: An optimization principle for fluidic networks of arbitrary shape and scale (2015)
    American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-11-07
    Description: Murray's law states that the volumetric flow rate is proportional to the cube of the radius in a cylindrical channel optimized to require the minimum work to drive and maintain the fluid. However, application of this principle to the biomimetic design of micro/nano fabricated networks requires optimization of channels with arbitrary cross-sectional shape (not just circular) and smaller than is valid for Murray's original assumptions. We present a generalized law for symmetric branching that (a) is valid for any cross-sectional shape, providing that the shape is constant through the network; (b) is valid for slip flow and plug flow occurring at very small scales; and (c) is valid for networks with a constant depth, which is often a requirement for lab-on-a-chip fabrication procedures. By considering limits of the generalized law, we show that the optimum daughter-parent area ratio Γ, for symmetric branching into N daughter channels of any constant cross-sectional shape, is Γ = N − 2 / 3 for large-scale channels, and Γ = N − 4 / 5 for channels with a characteristic length scale much smaller than the slip length. Our analytical results are verified by comparison with a numerical optimization of a two-level network model based on flow rate data obtained from a variety of sources, including Navier-Stokes slip calculations, kinetic theory data, and stochastic particle simulations.
    Print ISSN: 0021-8979
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-7550
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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  • 9
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    Initial data from the 30-element ORTEC HPGe detector array and the XSPRESS pulse-processing electronics at the SRS, Daresbury Laboratory (1998)
    International Union of Crystallography
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-05-01
    Description: Following the completion of the collaborative project between CLRC Daresbury Laboratory and EG&G ORTEC to develop the world's first 30-element HPGe detector for fluorescence XAFS, it has now been tested and commissioned at the SRS. The system was commissioned with the XSPRESS digital pulse-processing electronics and this has demonstrated processed count rates in excess of 10 MHz. Initial data have been recorded and are presented.
    Print ISSN: 0909-0495
    Electronic ISSN: 1600-5775
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by International Union of Crystallography
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  • 10
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    Small-Angle X-ray Scattering Using Coherent Undulator Radiation at the ESRF (1998)
    International Union of Crystallography
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-01-01
    Print ISSN: 0909-0495
    Electronic ISSN: 1600-5775
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by International Union of Crystallography
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