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  • FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER  (4)
  • STRUCTURAL MECHANICS  (4)
  • Aerospace Medicine
  • Launch Vehicles and Launch Operations
  • 2005-2009
  • 1990-1994  (9)
  • 1992  (9)
  • 1
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: The objective of this paper is to describe current results from an on-going study of the mechanisms that led to the failure of the TIBB. Experimental and analytical results are presented. Experimental results include load, strain, and deflection data for the TIBB (Technology Integration Box Beam). An analytical investigation was conducted to compliment the experimental investigation and to gain additional insight into the TIBB structural response. Analytical results include strain and deflection results from a global analysis of the TIBB. A local analysis of the failure region is being completed. These analytical results are validated through comparisons with the experimental results from the TIBB tests. The experimental and analytical results from the TIBB tests are used to determine a sequence of events that may have resulted in failure of the TIBB. A potential cause of failure is high stresses in a stiffener runout region. Typical analytical results are presented for a stiffener runout specimen that is being defined to simulate the TIBB failure mechanisms. The results of this study are anticipated to provide better understanding of potential failure mechanisms in composite aircraft structures, to lead to future design improvements, and to identify needed analytical tools for design and analysis.
    Keywords: STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Type: FAA, Ninth DOD(NASA)FAA Conference on Fibrous Composites in Structural Design, Volume 2; p 673-68
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: The role of equation solvers in modern structural analysis software is described. Direct and iterative equation solvers which exploit vectorization on modern high-performance computer systems are described and compared. The direct solvers are two Cholesky factorization methods. The first method utilizes a novel variable-band data storage format to achieve very high computation rates and the second method uses a sparse data storage format designed to reduce the number od operations. The iterative solvers are preconditioned conjugate gradient methods. Two different preconditioners are included; the first uses a diagonal matrix storage scheme to achieve high computation rates and the second requires a sparse data storage scheme and converges to the solution in fewer iterations that the first. The impact of using all of the equation solvers in a common structural analysis software system is demonstrated by solving several representative structural analysis problems.
    Keywords: STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Type: International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering (ISSN 0029-5981); 33; 855-868
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: Treatment strategies for Space Motion Sickness were compared using the results of postflight oral debriefings. Standardized questionnaires were administered to all crewmembers immediately following Space Shuttle flights by NASA flight surgeons. Cases of Space Motion Sickness were graded as mild, moderate or severe based on published criteria, and medication effectiveness was judged based on subjective reports of symptom relief. Since October 1989, medication effectiveness is reported inflight through Private Medical Conferences with the crew. A symptom matrix was analyzed for 19 crewmembers treated with an oral combination of scopolamine and dextroamphetamine (scopdex) and 15 crewmembers treated with promethazine delivered by intramuscular (IM) or suppository routes. Scopdex has been given preflight as prophaxis for Space Motion Sickness but analysis showed delayed symptom presentation in 9 crewmembers or failed to prevent symptoms in 7. Only three crewmembers who took scopdex had no symptoms inflight. Fourteen out of 15 crewmembers treated with IM promethazine and 6 of 8 treated with promethazine suppositories after symptom development had immediate (within 12 h) symptom relief and required no additional medication. There were no cases of delayed symptom presentation in the crewmembers treated with promethazine. This response is in contrast to untreated crewmembers who typically have slow symptom resolution over 72-96 h. We conclude that promethazine is an effective treatment of Space Motion Sickness symptoms inflight. NASA policy currently recommends treating crewmembers with Space Motion Sickness after symptom development, and no longer recommends prophylaxis with scopdex due to delayed symptom development and apparent variable absorption of oral medications during early flight days.
    Keywords: Aerospace Medicine
    Type: Microgravity quarterly : MGQ (ISSN 0958-5036); Volume 2; 3; 173-7
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: An improved method for solving the viscous shock layer equations for supersonic/hypersonic flows past blunt-nosed bodies is presented. The method is capable of handling slender to thick bodies. The solution is obtained by solving a coupled set of five equations, built of the four basic viscous shock layer equations and an additional equation for the standoff distance. The coupling of the equations prevents the local iterations divergence problems encountered by previous methods of solution far downstream on slender bodies. It also eliminates the need for local iterations, which were required by previous methods of solution, for a first-order scheme in the streamwise direction. A new global iteration procedure is employed to impose the shock boundary conditions. The procedure prevents the global iteration instability encountered by the basic method of solution and improves the convergence rate of the global iteration procedure of later methods devised to overcome this difficulty. The new technique reduces the computation time by 65-95 percent as compared to previous methods of solution. The method can efficiently be implemented in vector/parallel computers.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: AIAA Journal (ISSN 0001-1452); 30; 7 Ju
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: Journal of Propulsion and Power (ISSN 0748-4658); 8; 520-529
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: AIAA Journal (ISSN 0001-1452); 30; 367-375
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The reliability of two graphite-epoxy stiffened panels that contain uncertainties is examined. For one panel, the effect of an overall bow-type initial imperfection is studied. The size of the bow is assumed to be a random variable. The failure mode is buckling. The benefits of quality control are explored by using truncated distributions. For the other panel, the effect of uncertainties in a strain-based failure criterion is studied. The allowable strains are assumed to be random variables. A geometrically nonlinear analysis is used to calculate a detailed strain distribution near an elliptical access hole in a wing panel that was tested to failure. Calculated strains are used to predict failure. Results are compared with the experimental failure load of the panel.
    Keywords: STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Type: NASA-TM-107687 , NAS 1.15:107687 , ATCOM-TR-92-B-015 , ASME Winter Annual Meeting: Symposium on Reliability Technology; Nov 08, 1992 - Nov 13, 1992; Anaheim, CA; United States
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: This paper describes a computationally efficient analysis method which was used to predict detailed stress states in a typical composite compression panel with a discontinuous hat stiffener. A global-local approach was used. The global model incorporated both 2D shell and 3D brick elements connected by newly developed transition elements. Most of the panel was modeled with 2D elements, while 3D elements were employed to model the stiffener flange and the adjacent skin. Both linear and geometrically nonlinear analyses were performed on the global model. The effect of geometric nonlinearity induced by the eccentric load path due to the discontinuous hat stiffener was significant. The local model used a fine mesh of 3D brick elements to model the region at the end of the stiffener. Boundary conditions of the local 3D model were obtained by spline interpolation of the nodal displacements from the global analysis. Detailed in-plane and through-the-thickness stresses were calculated in the flange-skin interface near the end of the stiffener.
    Keywords: STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Type: AIAA PAPER 92-2474 , AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics and Materials Conference; Apr 13, 1992 - Apr 15, 1992; Dallas, TX; United States
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: Benard convection was studied in a two-component liquid which displayed Soret effects (Soret, 1879; DeGroot and Mazur, 1969) and in which the temperatures of the horizontal boundaries spanned the solidification temperature of the mixture. A steady basic state was observed, in which the layer is partly liquid (near the lower, heated plate) and partly solid (near the upper, cooled plate) with the interface being planar, and in which all transport is by conduction and diffusion. Linear stability of the basic state was examined to determine how the presence of solid and the ability of the material to solidify or melt under disturbance affects the critical conditions from the onset of instability. The theoretical results obtained for cases when the phase change is absent and when the Soret effects are absent (but the phase change is present) are compared with an experiment using alcohol-water mixtures.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: Journal of Fluid Mechanics (ISSN 0022-1120); 238; 657-682
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