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  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (45)
  • 2000-2004  (24)
  • 1990-1994  (21)
  • 1940-1944
  • 2003  (24)
  • 1992  (21)
  • 11
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    Prevalence of AIDS-related risk factors and condom use in the United States (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1992-11-13
    Description: A national probability survey of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-related risk factors among the general heterosexual population, the National AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) Behavioral Surveys, has obtained data from 10,630 respondents. Data are presented on the prevalence of HIV-related risks in the general heterosexual population, on the distribution of the three largest risk groups across social strata, and on the prevalence and distribution of condom use among heterosexuals reporting a risk factor. Between 15 and 31 percent of heterosexuals nationally and 20 and 41 percent in cities with a high prevalence of AIDS reported an HIV risk factor. Condom use was relatively low. Only 17 percent of those with multiple sexual partners, 12.6 percent of those with risky sexual partners, and 10.8 percent of untested transfusion recipients used condoms all the time. Overall, the results suggest that current HIV prevention programs have, to a very limited extent, reached those heterosexuals with multiple sexual partners but have failed to reach many other groups of the heterosexual population at risk for HIV. New public health strategies may be needed for these specific risk groups.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Catania, J A -- Coates, T J -- Stall, R -- Turner, H -- Peterson, J -- Hearst, N -- Dolcini, M M -- Hudes, E -- Gagnon, J -- Wiley, J -- MH43892/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- MH46240/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Nov 13;258(5085):1101-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco 94143.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1439818" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*epidemiology/prevention & control ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Age Factors ; Aged ; Blood Transfusion ; *Condoms ; Continental Population Groups ; Female ; HIV Seropositivity ; Health Surveys ; Hemophilia A/complications ; Humans ; Interviews as Topic ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Regression Analysis ; Risk Factors ; Sexual Behavior ; Sexual Partners ; Substance Abuse, Intravenous ; Time Factors ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 12
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    Education. The long road to race-blindness (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-10-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kane, Thomas J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Oct 24;302(5645):571-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Public Policy and Social Research and Department of Economics, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1656, USA. kane@sppsr.ucla.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14576406" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 13
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    A bond-fluctuation mechanism for stochastic switching in wired molecules (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-05-31
    Description: Stochastic on-off conductivity switching observed in phenylene-ethynylene oligomers has been explained in terms of changes in ring conformations, or electron localization, or both. We report the observation of stochastic on-off switching in the simplest of wired molecules: octanedithiol, decanedithiol, and dodecanedithiol bonded on an Au(111) surface. Stochastic switching was observed even when a top gold contact was pressed on by a conducting atomic force microscope tip at constant force. The rate of switching increased substantially at 60 degrees C, a temperature at which these films are commonly annealed. Because such switching in alkanethiols is unlikely to be caused by internal molecular electronic changes and cannot be fully accounted for by breaking of the top contact, we argue that the cause is the well-known mobility of molecules tethered to gold via a thiol linkage.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ramachandran, Ganesh K -- Hopson, Theresa J -- Rawlett, Adam M -- Nagahara, Larry A -- Primak, Alex -- Lindsay, Stuart M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 May 30;300(5624):1413-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Physics and Astronomy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12775835" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 14
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    Dissecting temporal and spatial control of cytokinesis with a myosin II Inhibitor (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-03-15
    Description: Completion of cell division during cytokinesis requires temporally and spatially regulated communication from the microtubule cytoskeleton to the actin cytoskeleton and the cell membrane. We identified a specific inhibitor of nonmuscle myosin II, blebbistatin, that inhibited contraction of the cleavage furrow without disrupting mitosis or contractile ring assembly. Using blebbistatin and other drugs, we showed that exit from the cytokinetic phase of the cell cycle depends on ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis. Continuous signals from microtubules are required to maintain the position of the cleavage furrow, and these signals control the localization of myosin II independently of other furrow components.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Straight, Aaron F -- Cheung, Amy -- Limouze, John -- Chen, Irene -- Westwood, Nick J -- Sellers, James R -- Mitchison, Timothy J -- GM23928/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM62566/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Mar 14;299(5613):1743-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cell Biology and Institute of Chemistry and Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, 250 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA. aaron_straight@hms.harvard.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12637748" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Anaphase ; Aurora Kinases ; *Cell Division/drug effects ; Cell Movement/drug effects ; Contractile Proteins/metabolism ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; DNA Replication ; Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology ; HeLa Cells ; Heterocyclic Compounds with 4 or More Rings/chemistry/isolation & ; purification/*pharmacology ; Humans ; Kinesin/metabolism ; Leupeptins/pharmacology ; Microtubules/physiology ; Mitosis/drug effects ; Myosin Type II/*antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism/*physiology ; Nocodazole/pharmacology ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Staurosporine/pharmacology ; Ubiquitin/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 15
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    A transient rise in tropical sea surface temperature during the Paleocene-Eocene thermal maximum (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-10-25
    Description: The Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM) has been attributed to a rapid rise in greenhouse gas levels. If so, warming should have occurred at all latitudes, although amplified toward the poles. Existing records reveal an increase in high-latitude sea surface temperatures (SSTs) (8 degrees to 10 degrees C) and in bottom water temperatures (4 degrees to 5 degrees C). To date, however, the character of the tropical SST response during this event remains unconstrained. Here we address this deficiency by using paired oxygen isotope and minor element (magnesium/calcium) ratios of planktonic foraminifera from a tropical Pacific core to estimate changes in SST. Using mixed-layer foraminifera, we found that the combined proxies imply a 4 degrees to 5 degrees C rise in Pacific SST during the PETM. These results would necessitate a rise in atmospheric pCO2 to levels three to four times as high as those estimated for the late Paleocene.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zachos, James C -- Wara, Michael W -- Bohaty, Steven -- Delaney, Margaret L -- Petrizzo, Maria Rose -- Brill, Amanda -- Bralower, Timothy J -- Premoli-Silva, Isabella -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Nov 28;302(5650):1551-4. Epub 2003 Oct 23.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Earth and Ocean Sciences Departments, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA. jzachos@es.ucsc.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14576441" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 16
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    Genome-wide insertional mutagenesis of Arabidopsis thaliana (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-08-02
    Description: Over 225,000 independent Agrobacterium transferred DNA (T-DNA) insertion events in the genome of the reference plant Arabidopsis thaliana have been created that represent near saturation of the gene space. The precise locations were determined for more than 88,000 T-DNA insertions, which resulted in the identification of mutations in more than 21,700 of the approximately 29,454 predicted Arabidopsis genes. Genome-wide analysis of the distribution of integration events revealed the existence of a large integration site bias at both the chromosome and gene levels. Insertion mutations were identified in genes that are regulated in response to the plant hormone ethylene.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Alonso, Jose M -- Stepanova, Anna N -- Leisse, Thomas J -- Kim, Christopher J -- Chen, Huaming -- Shinn, Paul -- Stevenson, Denise K -- Zimmerman, Justin -- Barajas, Pascual -- Cheuk, Rosa -- Gadrinab, Carmelita -- Heller, Collen -- Jeske, Albert -- Koesema, Eric -- Meyers, Cristina C -- Parker, Holly -- Prednis, Lance -- Ansari, Yasser -- Choy, Nathan -- Deen, Hashim -- Geralt, Michael -- Hazari, Nisha -- Hom, Emily -- Karnes, Meagan -- Mulholland, Celene -- Ndubaku, Ral -- Schmidt, Ian -- Guzman, Plinio -- Aguilar-Henonin, Laura -- Schmid, Markus -- Weigel, Detlef -- Carter, David E -- Marchand, Trudy -- Risseeuw, Eddy -- Brogden, Debra -- Zeko, Albana -- Crosby, William L -- Berry, Charles C -- Ecker, Joseph R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Aug 1;301(5633):653-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Genomic Analysis Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12893945" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 3' Untranslated Regions ; 5' Untranslated Regions ; Alleles ; Arabidopsis/*genetics/metabolism ; Arabidopsis Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Base Composition ; Chromosomes, Plant/genetics ; DNA, Bacterial/genetics ; DNA, Plant/chemistry/genetics ; Ethylenes/pharmacology ; Exons ; Expressed Sequence Tags ; Gene Expression ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant/drug effects ; Genes, Plant ; *Genome, Plant ; Introns ; *Mutagenesis, Insertional ; Mutation ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Recombination, Genetic ; Rhizobium/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 17
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    Stratospheric memory and skill of extended-range weather forecasts (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-08-02
    Description: We use an empirical statistical model to demonstrate significant skill in making extended-range forecasts of the monthly-mean Arctic Oscillation (AO). Forecast skill derives from persistent circulation anomalies in the lowermost stratosphere and is greatest during boreal winter. A comparison to the Southern Hemisphere provides evidence that both the time scale and predictability of the AO depend on the presence of persistent circulation anomalies just above the tropopause. These circulation anomalies most likely affect the troposphere through changes to waves in the upper troposphere, which induce surface pressure changes that correspond to the AO.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Baldwin, Mark P -- Stephenson, David B -- Thompson, David W J -- Dunkerton, Timothy J -- Charlton, Andrew J -- O'Neill, Alan -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Aug 1;301(5633):636-40.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Northwest Research Associates, 14508 NE 20th Street, Bellevue, WA, 98007, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12893941" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 18
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    Perceptions of science. Tap into science 24-7 (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-08-02
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sejnowski, Terrence J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Aug 1;301(5633):601.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. terry@salk.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12893928" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Access to Information ; Science/*education ; *Television ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 19
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    Communication in neuronal networks (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-09-27
    Description: Brains perform with remarkable efficiency, are capable of prodigious computation, and are marvels of communication. We are beginning to understand some of the geometric, biophysical, and energy constraints that have governed the evolution of cortical networks. To operate efficiently within these constraints, nature has optimized the structure and function of cortical networks with design principles similar to those used in electronic networks. The brain also exploits the adaptability of biological systems to reconfigure in response to changing needs.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2930149/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2930149/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Laughlin, Simon B -- Sejnowski, Terrence J -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Sep 26;301(5641):1870-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14512617" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Action Potentials ; Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Brain/*physiology ; *Cell Communication ; Humans ; Nerve Net/*physiology ; *Neuronal Plasticity ; Neurons/*physiology ; *Synaptic Transmission
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 20
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    Cerebellar LTD and learning-dependent timing of conditioned eyelid responses (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-09-23
    Description: Mammals can be trained to make a conditioned movement at a precise time, which is correlated to the interval between the conditioned stimulus and unconditioned stimulus during the learning. This learning-dependent timing has been shown to depend on an intact cerebellar cortex, but which cellular process is responsible for this form of learning remains to be demonstrated. Here, we show that protein kinase C-dependent long-term depression in Purkinje cells is necessary for learning-dependent timing of Pavlovian-conditioned eyeblink responses.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Koekkoek, S K E -- Hulscher, H C -- Dortland, B R -- Hensbroek, R A -- Elgersma, Y -- Ruigrok, T J H -- De Zeeuw, C I -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Sep 19;301(5640):1736-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, 3000 DR Rotterdam, Netherlands.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14500987" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Blinking ; Cerebellum/*physiology ; *Conditioning, Eyelid ; Electroshock ; *Learning ; *Long-Term Synaptic Depression ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Transgenic ; Mutation ; N-Methylaspartate/pharmacology ; Protein Kinase C/genetics/metabolism ; Purkinje Cells/*physiology ; Time Factors
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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