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  • Polymer and Materials Science  (229)
  • LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION  (150)
  • Chemical Engineering  (77)
  • 1990-1994  (456)
  • 1991  (456)
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  • 1990-1994  (456)
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Poly(sodium acrylamidoalkanoate) s: Syntheses and solution properties in relation to flocculation study in water treatment (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 42 (1991), S. 225-232 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The micelle-forming monomers of sodium 6-acrylamidocaproate (Na 6-AAC), sodium 11-acrylamidoundecanoate (Na 11-AAU), sodium 11-(N-methylacrylamido) undecanoate (Na 11-MAAU), and sodium 11-(N-ethylacrylamido) undecanoate (Na 11-EAAU) have been synthesized and polymerized. Except poly(Na 6-AAC), the molecular weights of the other three poly(sodium acrylamidoalkanoate) s were over 106. They behave as strong anionic polyelectrolytes in aqueous solutions. Their solution properties, such as viscosity, charge density, and radius of gyration, were investigated. The performance of these anionic polyelectrolytes as coagulant aids in water treatment were assessed by jar test. Poly(Na 6-AAC) and poly (Na 11-AAU) were superior to poly (Na 11-MAAU) and poly (Na 11-EAAU) in terms of flocs settling. All these four anionic polyelectrolytes tested in water treatment are as effective as a commercially available cationic polyamine organic coagulant (Hyperfloc CP 753).
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1991.070420127
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
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    Lunar maria and related deposits: Preliminary Galileo imaging results (1991)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: During the Earth-Moon flyby the Galileo Solid State Imaging system obtained new information on lunar media. Imaging data in spectral bands from 0.4 to 1.0 micron wavelength provide color data for deposits on the western limb. General objectives were to determine the composition and stratigraphy of mare and related deposits for areas not previously seen well in color, and to compare the results with well-studied nearside maria. Initial results from images reduced with preliminary calibrations show that Galileo spectral reflectance data are consistent with previous earthbased observations.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Lunar and Planetary Inst., 22nd Lunar and Planetary Science Conference; p 17-18
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 3
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    Geochemistry of 2-4-mm particles from Apollo 14 soil (14161) and implications regarding igneous components and soil-forming processes (1991)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The present paper describes the compositional systematics of 381 particles analyzed from 14161, which was taken near the lunar module as part of the bulk sample. Attention is given to the distribution of lithologies, based on petrographic examination and compositions determined by INAA, and to implications of the compositions of polymict particles regarding igneous precursors and soil-forming processes. It was found that the most abundant particles are the impact-melt lithologies and regolith and fragmental breccias. The mean composition of the entire suite of 2-4-mm particles differs from that of the associated less-than-1-mm fines by having higher concentrations of incompatible trace elements and Na2O, and a lower concentration of CaO. There is a subset of regolith breccia particles and agglutinates in the 2-4-mm particles that have nearly identical compositions and Is/FeO similar to those of the less-than-1-mm fines. It is suggested that these particles are constructional products formed from the local regolith rather than comminuted fragments of ancient regolith breccias.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Lunar and Planetary Science Conference; Mar 12, 1990 - Mar 16, 1990; Houston, TX; United States
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A model reaction for an epoxy resin cured with an aromatic amine (1991)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 29 (1991), S. 599-602 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1991.080290417
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quinone-modified polymers as electron transfer relay systems in amperometric glucose sensors (1991)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymers for Advanced Technologies 2 (1991), S. 229-235 
    Details
    ISSN: 1042-7147
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A polysiloxane and an acrylonitrile-ethylene copolymer with covalently attached p-hydroquinone/benzoquinone moieties were prepared and tested as electron transfer relay systems in amperometric glucose biosensors. Using experiments involving cyclic voltammetry and stationary potential measurements, it was shown that the polysiloxane relay system can efficiently mediate electron transfer from reduced glucose oxidase to a conventional carbon-paste electrode. Sensors containing this polymeric relay system and glucose oxidase respond rapidly to low (〈0.1 mm) glucose concentrations, with steady state current responses achieved in less than 1 min. The acrylonitrile-ethylene copolymer was found to be less efficient than the polysiloxane system at mediating the electron transfer from reduced glucose oxidase to the electrode. The dependence of the sensor response on the nature of the polymer backbone is discussed.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pat.1991.220020504
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An investigation of bioactive glass powders by sol-gel processing (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Biomaterials 2 (1991), S. 231-239 
    Details
    ISSN: 1045-4861
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Bioactive glass powders, with a composition of SiO2-CaO-P2O5,have been successfully synthesized via a sol-gel process at considerably loer temperatures than required for conventional melting method. Bioactive glass powders made via conventional methods form an interfacial bond wih none when they are implanted. Bonding is correlated with the formation of a surface hydroxyapatite layer. This study examinded the formation of a hydroxyapatite layer in Tris-buffered solution as a function of SiO2 content of sol-gel derived powders. A FT-IRRS technique was used to monitor the formation of the hydroxyapatite on the surface of the powders. X-ray diffraction analysis and BET were also used to characterize the chemical and physical properties of the sol-gel derived bioactive powders. It was discovered that: (a) the rate of hydroxyapatite formation decreased wih increasing SiO2 content for powders whose SiO2 content was less than 90 mol%; (b) a hydroxyapatite film does not form for the powders whose SiO2 content is more than 90 mol%; (c) the SiO2 limit, beyond which the powders lost their bioactivity, was much higher for bioactive glass powders mad through sol-gel process (90%) than those made by conventional melting methods (60%). These results indicate that it is possible to significantly expand the bioactive composition range through microstructural control made possible by sol-gel processing techniques.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jab.770020403
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Miscible blends of styrene-acrylic acid copolymers with aliphatic, crystalline polyamides (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 42 (1991), S. 1525-1535 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Styrene-acrylic acid copolymers exhibit miscibility with various aliphatic, crystalline polyamides (e.g., nylon 6, 11, and 12) at 20% acrylic acid content in the copolymer. At 8% acrylic acid, phase separation is observed with the crystalline polyamides. At 14% acrylic acid, partial miscibility is observed with each polyamide, resulting in the Tg's of the constituents shifted toward the other constituent. The miscibility of the styrene-acrylic acid copolymers ( 〉 14 wt % AA) can be ascribed to hydrogen bonding interactions with the polyamides. Styrene-acrylic acid (20% AA) copolymers are miscible with other nylons with alternating amide orientation along the chain (e.g., nylon 6,6 and nylon 6,9). These samples tend to crosslink upon exposure to temperatures above the polyamide melting point unlike the nylon 6, 11, and 12 blends in which branching may only occur. Nylon 11/styrene-acrylic acid blends were chosen for crystallization rate studies. A melting point depression of nylon 11 occurs with addition of the styrene-acrylic acid (20% AA). The Flory-Huggins interaction parameter from the melting point depression is calculated to be -0.27. The crystallization rate of nylon 11 is significantly reduced with the addition of the miscible SAA copolymers (20% AA). The spherulitic growth rate equation predicts this behavior based on a Tg increase with SAA addition.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1991.070420606
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Meta-bromobiphenol epoxy resins: Applications in electronic packaging and printed circuit board (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 43 (1991), S. 1315-1321 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Novel 2,2′,6,6′-tetrabromo-3,3′,5,5′-tetramethyl-4,4′-biphenol (TBTMBP), and its epoxy derivatives, were synthesized to incorporate the stable meta-brominated phenol moiety into epoxy resin systems. In electronic encapsulation and laminate applications, epoxy systems derived from TBTMBP have exhibited superior hydrolytic and thermal stability as compared with the conventional ortho-brominated epoxy resins. These properties have resulted in an extended device life for semiconductors and a high Tg with excellent blister resistance for the printed circuit board, while meeting flame retardancy requirements as well.
    Additional Material: 6 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1991.070430713
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis and evaluation of hexafluorodimethylcarbinol functionalized polymers as microsensor coatings (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 43 (1991), S. 1659-1671 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Polystyrenes, polyacrylates, and poly(3,4-isoprenes) incorporating the hexafluorodimethylcarbinol functionality have been synthesized, characterized, and tested as microsensor coatings on a surface acoustic wave (SAW) device for dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP) vapor absorption sensitivity. The syntheses involved monomer functionalization and polymerization or hexafluoroacetone reaction with preformed polymer. All fluoroalcohol functionalized polymer coatings displayed sub parts per million level sensitivity with the slope of the absorption isotherm steepest at low DMMP concentrations. The order of sensitivity for the isomeric polystyrene fluoroalcohols (meta 〉 para ≫ ortho) paralleled that of the relative free hydroxyl to hydrogen-bonded hydroxyl content. Strong hydrogen bonding between the fluoroalcohol polymers and DMMP vapor was observed by IR spectroscopy. Acylation of the fluoroalcohol group markedly reduced the DMMP sensitivity.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1991.070430909
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Selective plasticization of the ionic domains in a segmented thermoplastic ionene cationomer (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 43 (1991), S. 951-966 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The use of zinc stearate as an ionic plasticizer has been demonstrated to function effectively in a segmented ionene cationomer thereby permitting its melt processability. The ionene polymer is prepared by reacting dimethylamino-terminated polytetramethylene oxide (PTMO) oligomers with various benzyl dihalide compounds, leading to a segmented cationomer. Since the unplasticized ionene polymer undergoes degradation near the softening temperature (ca. 180°C), an ionic plasticizer was incorporated as a means of lowering the softening temperature to prevent degradation and permit melt processability. Zinc stearate was utilized in this study as it has been demonstrated to function well in other ionomers (essentially anionomers) in this capacity. Through the utilization of melt rheological and solid-state morphological investigations, it has been clearly shown that zinc stearate will function effectively as an ionic plasticizer in these quite different ionomer materials by lowering the softening temperature to ca. 120°C, thereby permitting melt processability. In addition, due to the crystallization of the zinc stearate following cooling, this same species also serves to enhance the mechanical properties in the solid state.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1991.070430513
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