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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Free variables and first-class environments (1991)
    Springer
    Higher-order and symbolic computation 4 (1991), S. 107-141 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0557
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract A simple set of extensions to theSCHEME language removes the need for a distinguished top level interaction environment by providing first-class environments. These extensions also provide a powerful mechanism for code packaging and may be used to implement simple object-oriented systems. In addition, a mechanism is presented that implements compiled references to free variables as efficiently as in languages likeC, provided the code does not directly manipulate first-class environments. The mechanism requires a simple static analysis performed by the compiler and meshes with a slower mechanism used by both interpreted code and compiled code that manipulates first-class environments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01813016
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ecdysteroids as a component of the genital sex pheromone in two species of hard ticks,Dermacentor variabilis andDermacentor andersoni (Acari: Ixodidae) (1991)
    Springer
    Experimental and applied acarology 12 (1991), S. 275-296 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9702
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Neutering of part-fed females eliminated copulatory behavior inDermacentor variabilis (Say) andD. andersoni Stiles males. Extracts from the anterior reproductive tracts of part-fed (7 days) females partly restored the male copulatory behavior in conspecific neutered females. Similar extracts from unfed females did not restore the behavior, suggesting that the pheromone was produced during feeding. Perception of the genital sex pheromone by sensillae on the male cheliceral digits was confirmed by electrophysiological techniques. Males ofD. variabilis andD. andersoni responsed positively to authentic ecdysone and 20-hydroxyccdysone (20HE) in neutered female bioassays. Responses to sterols were significantly lower than to ecdysteroids. Electrophysiological assays suggest a sensitivity of males to high doses of ecdysteroids. The strongest responses were to 20HE in both species. Ecdysteroids, specifically ecdysone and 20HE were shown to be present in the anterior reproductive tracts in excess of amounts that could be explained by mere hemolymph contamination. Ecdysteroids were also found in washings of the vaginal lumen of these two species.Dermacentor andersoni females contained larger amounts of ecdysteroids thanD. variabilis females. 20-hydroxyecdysone and possibly ecdysone appear to be components of the genital sex pheromone ofD. variabilis andD. andersoni. Species recognition may be facilitated by these components, but the complete mechanism is not yet fully understood.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01193473
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of mercury, selenium, and organochlorine contaminants on reproduction of Forster's terns and black skimmers nesting in a contaminated Texas Bay (1991)
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 20 (1991), S. 32-40 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Mean mercury (0.40 μg/g), and geometric mean DDE (1.6 μg/g) and polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) (2.3 μg/g) concentrations in Forster's tern (Sterna forsteri) eggs from Lavaca Bay were higher than those in tern eggs from a reference area in San Antonio Bay, but residues were not correlated with hatching success. Nest success was similar between bays. Selenium levels in Lavaca Bay tern eggs (0.71 μg/g) were also comparable to those in eggs from the reference area (0.68 μg/g). Clutch size (3.1 to 3.4) of Lavaca Bay black skimmers (Rynchops niger) was no different than that (3.4) at a reference colony near Laguna Vista. Nest success was similar among three Lavaca Bay colonies, but success was lower at one Lavaca Bay colony (40%) than at Laguna Vista (65%). Mean mercury (0.46 μg/g) and selenium (0.75 μg/g) concentrations in skimmer eggs from Lavaca Bay were higher than those (0.19, 0.33 μg/g) from Laguna Vista; however, concentrations of neither contaminant were related to hatching success. DDE concentrations in Lavaca Bay skimmer eggs (3.4 μg/g) were similar to those from Laguna Vista (3.2 μg/g) and DDE was negatively correlated with hatching success. PCBs were higher in eggs from Lavaca Bay (1.3 μg/g) than Laguna Vista (0.8 μg/g). Organochlorine and metal contaminants in most eggs were below embryotoxic levels. Eggshell thinning in Forster's terns (7%) and black skimmers (5%) was below that associated with lowered reproduction. DDE and PCBs were detected in 9 Caspian tern (S. caspia) eggs; maximum concentrations were 4.7 and 5.4 μg/g. Caspian tern and least tern (S. albifrons) eggs contained low (⩽0.9 μg/g) concentrations of mercury and selenium.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01065325
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A numerical taxonomic study of some pigmented bacteria isolated from Organic Lake, an antarctic hypersaline lake (1991)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 156 (1991), S. 56-61 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Flavobacterium ; Cytophaga ; Antarctic ; Halophile ; Hypersaline ; Numerical taxonomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A study was made of a group of moderately halophilic, heterotrophic, pigmented strains isolated from Organic Lake, Antarctica. These strains were Gram-negative, non-motile, had an aerobic metabolism and a mol% G+C content of their DNA in the range 35–41, indicating that they may be members of the Flavobacterium-Cytophaga group. A numerical taxonomic study involving 134 characteristics compared the antarctic strains with reference strains from Flavobacterium, Cytophaga and Flectobacillus. The antarctic strains formed two clusters that did not contain any reference strains suggesting that they may represent two new species of the genus Flavobacterium.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00418188
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Regulation of ATP-stimulated releasable myofilaments from cardiac and skeletal muscle myofibrils (1991)
    Springer
    Molecular and cellular biochemistry 103 (1991), S. 113-120 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4919
    Keywords: ubiquitin-conjugation ; protein-protein interactions ; cytoskeleton ; myofibrils
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The mechanism underlying the formation of easily releasable myofilaments, from myofibrils treated with an ATP-containing relaxing solution, was examined in this investigation. The proportion of releasable myofilaments purified from myofibrils of cardiac, fast- and slow-twitch muscles increased as the [ATP] was raised from 0 to 8.5 mM. The protein composition of the easily releasable myofilaments did not differ with increasing ATP concentrations as observed by 5–15% linear gradient SDS-PAGE. There is a nucleotide specificity to the release of myofilaments in the order of ATP 〉 GTP 〉〉 UTP 〉 CTP. Experiments with AMP-PNP and inorganic phosphate (Pi) showed that ATP hydrolysis and the build up of Pi are not requirements in the formation of the easily releasable myofilaments. The release of myofilaments was found to be insensitive to variations in pH from 6.5 to 7.5. The ATP stimulation of myofilament release is ubiquitin-independent, since incubation of purified myofibrils with ubiquitin (1–100 μg/ml) at both 20 and 37°C did not change the amount released. Modifying the free sulfhydryl group content by treatment of myofibrils with NEM (0.01–1 mM) or silver nitrate (0.1–10 mM) decreased the proportion of myofilaments that were releasable. Exclusion of 1 mM DTT from the preparation of myofibrils had similar results. These results indicate that the formation of easily releasable myofilaments can be mediated by metabolically related parameters such as the adenosine nucleotides and the reduction-oxidation status of the myofibrillar proteins of striated muscle.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00227477
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biosynthetic antibody binding sites: Development of a single-chain Fv model based on antidinitrophenol IgA myeloma MOPC 315 (1991)
    Springer
    The protein journal 10 (1991), S. 669-683 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4943
    Keywords: Single-chain Fv ; MOPC 315 ; anti-DNP ; bifunctional fusion protein ; recombinant antibody binding site
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The functional antigen binding region of antidinitrophenol mouse IgA myeloma MOPC 315 has been produced as a single-chain Fv (sFv) protein inE. coli. Recombinant 315 proteins included sFv alone, a bifunctional fusion protein with amino-terminal fragment B (FB) of staphylococcal protein A, and a two-chain 315 Fv fragment. Successful refolding of the 315 sFv required formation of disulfide bonds while the polypeptide was in a denatured state, as previously observed for the parent Fv fragment. Affinity-purified recombinant 315 proteins showed full recovery of specific activity, with values forK a,app of 1.5 to 2.2×106 M−1, equivalent to the parent 315 Fv fragment. As observed for natural 315 Fv, the sFv region of active FB-sFv315 fusion protein was resistant to pepsin treatment, whereas inactive protein was readily degraded. These experiments will allow the application of protein engineering to the 315 single-chain Fv; such studies can advance structure-function studies of antibody combining sites and lead to an improved understanding of single-chain Fv proteins.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01025718
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of genes encoding hydroxypyruvate reductase in cucumber (1991)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 17 (1991), S. 941-947 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: hydroxypyruvate reductase ; light regulation ; peroxisomal enzymes ; photorespiration ; plant gene expression
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Several clones corresponding to the gene encoding NADH-dependent hydroxypyruvate reductase have been isolated from a cucumber genomic library. Restriction mapping indicates the presence of two HPR genes, hpr-A and hpr-B, in the cucumber genome. Examination of the DNAs of individual plants suggests that hpr-A and hpr-B are most likely alleles at a single locus. The sequence of a 6.7 kb genomic fragment that includes the entire transcribed region, 2.2 kb of 5′ flanking sequence, and about 0.8 kb of 3′ flanking sequence reveals the presence of 12 introns in hpr-A. These introns are AT-rich relative to the exons. The donor sequence at the 5′ end of the sixth intron contains an unusual dinucleotide, GC, rather than the nearly invariant GT. Primer extension analysis maps the transcription initiation site to 61 nucleotides upstream of the translation initiation codon. An AT-rich stretch is centered at position −31 with respect to the transcription initiation site, and a potential CCAAT box is centered at position −138. Several elements that are homologous to regulatory elements of other plant genes have been identified in the flanking regions of hpr-A.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00037078
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phase II trial of indicine N-oxide in relapsed pediatric solid tumors (1991)
    Springer
    Investigational new drugs 9 (1991), S. 339-342 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0646
    Keywords: indicine N-oxide ; pediatric solid tumors ; osteosarcoma ; neuroblastoma ; pediatric brain tumors
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We used indicine N-oxide to treat 46 children with malignant solid tumors: 17 with osteosarcoma, 12 with neuroblastoma, 13 with a brain tumor, and 4 with other miscellaneous tumors. The efficacy and toxicity of the drug was assessed at the dose of 2000 mg/m2/day for five consecutive days. None of the 39 patients evaluable for response achieved a complete or partial response. Hepatotoxicity was experienced by 13 patients: 11 patients developed asymptomatic elevations of transaminases, 1 patient developed hyperbilirubinemia, and 1 developed ascites. Indicine N-oxide appears to be ineffective in the treatment of osteosarcoma, neuroblastoma, and pediatric brain tumors at this dose and schedule. Because higher doses are associated with an unacceptably high incidence of severe, irreversible hepatotoxicity, we do not recommend further study of this agent in pediatric solid tumors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00183576
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The PATT foundation ‘A brief background’ (1991)
    Springer
    International journal of technology and design education 2 (1991), S. 60-60 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1804
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Art History , Education , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00275232
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Area under the curve, bioavailability, and clearance (1991)
    Springer
    Journal of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics 19 (1991), S. 473-482 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8744
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01061668
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