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  • Chemical Engineering  (60)
  • 1990-1994  (60)
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  • 1991  (60)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Letters to the editor (1991)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 37 (1991), S. 791-799 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690370517
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In-situ monitoring of the resin transfer molding impregnation and cure process (1991)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 31 (1991), S. 56-60 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Resin transfer molding (RTM) of advanced fiber architecture materials promises to be a cost effective process for obtaining composite parts with exceptional strength. However there are a larger number of material processing parameters that must be observed, known, and/or controlled during the resin transfer molding process. These include the viscosity both during impregnation and cure. In-situ sensors which can observe these processing properties within the RTM tool during the fabrication process are essential. This paper will discuss recent work on the use of frequency dependent electromagnetic sensing (FDMS) techniques to monitor these properties in the RTM tool. Our objective is to use these sensing techniques to address problems of RTM scaleup for large complex parts and to develop a closed loop, intelligent, sensor controlled RTM fabrication process.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760310110
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Simulation of methane partial oxidation over silica-supported MoO3 and V2O5 (1991)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 37 (1991), S. 87-97 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Microkinetic simulations have been carried out to describe the partial oxidation of methane over silica-supported molybdena and vanadia. The objective of this study was to formulate a physically reasonable reaction network to capture the basic aspects of the surface catalytic chemistry and to use this network to link methane oxidation kinetics with the kinetics observed for the oxidation of subsequent gaseous products, i.e., methanol, formaldehyde, and carbon monoxide. The most abundant reactive intermediates on the catalyst surface are suggested to be oxygen and hydroxyl groups. This reaction network successfully predicts the catalytic activities, selectivities, activation energies, and reaction orders observed over silica-supported molybdena and vanadia; and the microkinetic model also semiquantitatively explains the kinetic trends for related catalyst systems and is consistent with surface bonding energetics reported in the literature over various oxide catalysts. The microkinetic reaction network properly reduces to the more simple macrokinetic model reported previously for methane partial oxidation.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690370108
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nonlinear analysis in process design (1991)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 37 (1991), S. 1-38 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: As steady-state and dynamic simulators with optimal controllers have evolved, tools for nonlinear analysis have been developed by reactor and thermophysical property specialists. Designers lag behind in developing and utilizing these tools, as many design strategies assume idealized behavior even though processes contain an increasing number of nonlinear elements. This article examines the sources of the nonlinear elements, often associated with physical and chemical interactions, in designs and their control systems. Promising methods for nonlinear analysis are reviewed.In each design activity, involving simulation, economic optimization, projections of controllability and operability, emphasis is on the sources of nonlinearities and solution methods. These are examined for the equality constraints and nonlinear programs in phase and chemical equilibria, in reactors and separators, and in the simulation and optimization of flowsheets. Also examined are the impact of non-linear predictive control in screening designs and methods to insure operability, in the face of uncertainties.
    Additional Material: 27 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690370102
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Highly oriented polyacetylene: Structures and electrical conductivity of the compounds doped with alkali metals and selected oxidants (1991)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 31 (1991), S. 684-687 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Films of polyacetylene synthesized according to Akagi method present a high degree of crystallinity. A 6-7 times stretching of these films results in the orientation of the polymer fibers: The mosaic was ± 5 degrees. Such highly oriented polyacetylene (HOPA) films were chemically doped by heavy alkali metals in the vapor state and electrochemically with GaCl4- anion in nitromethane medium. The evolution of the structures and the variation of the electrical conductivity upon doping were examined in both cases.Doping with alkali metal leads to the appearance of different intercalated phases: The commensurability of these phases is discussed as a function of the nature and the concentration of the intercalated alkaline ion. The electrical maximum room temperature conductivity, which depends on the nature of the alkali metal, is maximum for K-doped materials. In the case of GaCl4- doping, the unique intercalated phase observed is poorly organized except in the chain direction where a GaCl4- ion is found every 4.5 (CH) units. The room temperature electrical conductivity measured along the chain axis is equal to 15 000 S/cm, one order of magnitude higher than the value observed in Shirakawa unoriented polyacetylene.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760310910
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rheological properties of multicomponent polymer systems undergoing melting or softening during compounding (1991)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 31 (1991), S. 1670-1673 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The rheological characteristics of a number of polymer blends, including amorphous and semi-crystalline plastic matrices, during melting or softening, are analyzed with a batch mixer. The physical changes accompanying the phase transitions taking place as the slat-and-pepper blends are heated and mixed in the region of their component melt transition temperatures are monitored visually through a transparent window with video recordings. The torque of mixing and the mixture temperature are also recorded continuously. The strong effects of additives such as filler or lower melting resin as well as rotor speed, degree of fill, and ram pressure were observed.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760312307
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Incorporation of surface-modified UHMWPE powders and fibers in tough polyurethane composites (1991)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 31 (1991), S. 992-998 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) powder (60 micron diameter) and chopped fiber (6.5 mm length) were surface treated with a blend of reactive gases (fluorine and oxygen.) These powders and fibers were then compounded into a thermoset polyurethane matrix. Surface-treated and control reinforcements are compared at a 10 vol.% loading level. Tensile testing indicates improved stress transfer with surface treatment. Stress transfer is also improved with fibers versus powders. Fracture toughness is characterized by measuring the essential work of fracture, we. Surface-treated fiber composites exhibit work of fracture values almost three times the unfilled polyurethane values. Abrasion resistance was also measured. Surface treatment was found to significantly lower wear rates of powder composites. Fiber composites had lower wear rates than powder composites, although surface treatment had little effect. An approximate inverse relationship was found between wear rate and essential work of fracture.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760311310
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Carrier resin for a multi-polymer solid color concentrate (1991)
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Vinyl and Additive Technology 13 (1991), S. 208-211 
    Details
    ISSN: 0193-7197
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A multi-polymer color concentrate has the advantage of reducing the inventory cost for the user and the manufacturer. In this paper, we present results on a carrier polymer which has been used to color a wide-variety of non-olefin polymers, such as PC, ABS, SAN, PMMA, PET, PS, POM, and nylons. The carrier polymer is miscible with the plastic to be colored, has excellent pigment wetting character and possesses thermal stability for processing. Data demonstrating miscibility, mechanical properties, and multi-polymer coloring ability for many of the polymer is presented.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/vnl.730130410
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An experimental study of multiobjective dynamic optimization of a semibatch copolymerization process (1991)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 31 (1991), S. 353-364 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Optimal open loop control strategies are developed for a semibatch free radical copolymerization of methyl methacrylate and vinyl acetate using the multiobjective dynamic optimization method. A detailed kinetic model is validated through experimentation and used for the design of optimal controls. Both monomer feed rate and reactor temperature are varied to produce the copolymer of desired composition and molecular weight. The open loop control policies are implemented in a process control computer and tested on an experimental stirred tank polymerization system. Excellent agreement between the model predictions and the experimental data have been obtained.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760310507
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mechanical properties and mechanism of the degradation process of 316°C isothermally aged graphite fiber/PMR-15 composites (1991)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 31 (1991), S. 6-13 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A series of graphite fiber/PMR-15 polyimide composites, isothermally aged at 316°C in flowing air (100 cc/min) for time periods up to 2000 h, were investigated for mechanical property changes, fiber/resin interface changes, overall dimensional changes, and weight loss. The mechanism of the degradation process is suggested based on shear and flexural property measurements at room temperature and 316°C, optical micrographs of composite cross sections, and SEM analysis of fractured surfaces. The fiber materials investigated in composite form were Celion 6000 unsized and epoxy sized. G40-700 unsized and epoxy sized, and T40R and IM6 both unsized.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760310103
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