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  • Triticum aestivum  (8)
  • oxidation  (8)
  • Springer  (16)
  • American Chemical Society (ACS)
  • 2015-2019
  • 1990-1994  (16)
  • 1991  (16)
Collection
Publisher
  • Springer  (16)
  • American Chemical Society (ACS)
Years
  • 2015-2019
  • 1990-1994  (16)
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of nutrition 30 (1991), S. 29-45 
    ISSN: 1436-6215
    Keywords: advanced glycosylation endproducts (AGE) ; ag(e)ing ; aminoguanidine ; ascorbate ; autoxidation ; biomarker ; browning reaction ; chemical modification of proteins ; diabetes ; glycation ; glycoxidation ; nonenzymatic glycosylation ; oxidation ; Maillard reaction ; Aminoguanidin ; Ascorbat ; Autooxidation ; Biomarker ; Bräunungsreaktion ; chemische Veränderung vonProteinen ; Diabetes ; Glycosylierung ; Glycoxidation ; nichtenzymatische ; Glycosylierung ; Oxidation ; Maillardreaktion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Maillard- oder Bräunungsreaktion genannten Umsetzungen zwischen reduzierenden Zuckern und Eiweiß führen zur chemischen Zerstörung der Aminosäuren und zum Verlust der Proteinqualität während der Lebensmittelbearbeitung und -lagerung. Der vorliegende Beitrag zeigt Befunde auf, daß die Maillardreaktion auch im Gewebe des Menschen bei der Alterung von Proteinen mit langer biologischer Halbwertszeit auftritt. Die Konzentrationen an den sogenannten Amadori-Produkten, die im Initialstadium der Maillardreaktion aus Glucose und den Proteinen der Augenlinse oder dem Kollagen der Haut entstehen, erwiesen sich als relativ konstant, auch mit zunehmendem Alter. Die Produkte der Glycosylierung und nachfolgenden Oxidation der Proteine, auch Glycoxidationsprodukte genannt, häufen sich dagegen im Alter an, und zwar bei Diabetikern in vermehrtem Maße. Zu diesen Produkten gehören die Aminosäurenderivate N-(carboxymethyl)-lysin (CML), N-(carboxymethyl)-hydroxylysin (CMhL) sowie das fluoreszierende Quervernetzungsprodukt Pentosidin. Während diese Glycoxidationsprodukte in den Körpergeweben nur in Spuren vorkommen, gibt es deutliche Hinweise auf die Anwesenheit weiterer Bräunungsprodukte, deren Charakterisierung jedoch noch aussteht. Es werden Möglichkeiten zur „Entgiftung“ der reaktiven Zwischenprodukte aus der Maillardreaktion sowie zum Abbau extrem gebräunter Proteine diskutiert sowie neuere Möglichkeiten zur therapeutischen Modulierung fortgeschrittener Stadien der Maillardreaktion aufgezeigt.
    Notes: Summary The Maillard or browning reaction between reducing sugars and protein contributes to the chemical deterioration and loss of nutritional value of proteins during food processing and storage. This article presents and discusses evidence that the Maillard reaction is also involved in the chemical aging of long-lived proteins in human tissues. While the concentration of the Amadori adduct of glucose to lens protein and skin collagen is relatively constant with age, products of sequential glycation and oxidation of protein, termed glycoxidation products, accumulate in these long-lived proteins with advancing age and at an accelerated rate in diabetes. Among these products are the chemically modified amino acids, Nɛ-(carboxymethyl)lysine (CML), Nɛ-(carboxymethyl)hydroxylysine (CMhL), and the fluorescent crosslink, pentosidine. While these glycoxidation products are present at only trace levels in tissue proteins, there is strong evidence for the presence of other browning products which remain to be characterized. Mechanisms for detoxifying reactive intermediates in the Maillard reaction and catabolism of extensively browned proteins are also discussed, along with recent approaches for therapeutic modulation of advanced stages of the Maillard reaction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1573-4889
    Keywords: aluminum-lithium alloys ; oxidation ; oxide nucleation ; lateral oxide growth ; secondary ion mass spectrometry ; scanning ion microprobe
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The high-temperature oxidation behavior of binary Al-Li alloys has been characterized by scanning electron microscopy and secondary ion mass spectrometry in order to understand the mechanism of rapid oxidation in these alloys and to correlate the oxide morphology to its microchemistry. The oxide scale developed on polished specimens during short exposures in air at 530°C shows characteristic nodules that usually nucleate at grain boundaries. Examination of the alloy surface after removal of the oxide layer shows that the initial growth of the oxide nodules occurs laterally in addition to thickening normal to the oxide/alloy interface. Microchemical analysis of the oxide film with a scanning ion microprobe reveals a thick Li-oxide layer at the oxide/gas interface indicating preferential oxidation of Li at the free surface; the rest of the oxide film is composed of both Al- and Li-rich oxides, probably Li2O and LiAlO2 The presence of trace impurities (K, Na, F, and Cl) in the oxide scale was also detected. A microstructural model for the development of the oxide film in the Al-Li system is presented on the basis of both morphological and microanalytical data obtained in this study; this new model is compared with existing models.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Wheat ; Triticum aestivum ; soybean ; Glycine max ; no till ; conventional till ; soil extracts ; allelopathy ; phenolic acids ; Folin & Ciocalteu's phenol reagent ; HPLC
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Soil core (0–2.5 and/or 0–10 cm) samples were taken from wheat no till, wheat-conventional till, and fallow-conventional till soybean cropping systems from July to October of 1989 and extracted with water in an autoclave. The soil extracts were analyzed for seven common phenolic acids (p-coumaric, vanillic,p-hydroxybenzoic, syringic, caffeic, ferulic, and sinapic; in order of importance) by high-performance liquid chromatography. The highest concentration observed was 4 μg/g soil forp-coumaric acid. Folin & Ciocalteu's phenol reagent was used to determine total phenolic acid content. Total phenolic acid content of 0- to 2.5-cm core samples was approximately 34% higher than that of the 0- to 10-cm core samples. Phenolic acid content of 0- to 2.5-cm core samples from wheat-no till systems was significantly higher than those from all other cropping systems. Individual phenolic acids and total phenolic acid content of soils were highly correlated. The last two observations were confirmed by principal component analysis. The concentrations were confirmed by principal component analysis, tions of individual phenolic acids extracted from soil samples were related to soil pH, water content of soil samples, total soil carbon, and total soil nitrogen. Indirect evidence suggested that phenolic acids recovered by the water-autoclave procedure used came primarily from bound forms in the soil samples.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Catalysis letters 8 (1991), S. 327-333 
    ISSN: 1572-879X
    Keywords: Platinum ; alumina ; oxichloride ; oxidation ; sintering
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Reduced Pt/Al2O3 catalysts with different chloride contents were treated at different temperatures under oxygen flow. TPR and TPD studies of oxidized species show that at low Cl/Pt atomic ratio (⩽1) PtO2 is formed at low temperature (400–500 K) and is totally decomposed (900 K) yielding reduced metallic Pt and inducing metal sintering. At high Cl/Pt atomic ratio (⩾6) formation of stable (up to 1000 K) platinum oxichloride avoids metal sintering.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Oxidation of metals 35 (1991), S. 333-348 
    ISSN: 1573-4889
    Keywords: oxidation ; multiphase alloys ; stereology ; diffusion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract A nonsteady-state diffusional analysis has been applied to the oxidation of binary multiphase alloys. In addition to the solubility of the solute element in the continuous solid-solution phase, the volume fraction and the size of the second-phase particles have been found to be crucial for the exclusive formation of the solute oxide. By solving the diffusion equations, the oxidation behavior of a multiphase alloy has been quantitatively related to a microstructure parameter, P L ,which is a function of both the volume fraction and shape of the second phase. Moreover, the effectiveness of alloying for alloys with differently shaped second-phase particles on the oxidation of multiphase alloys has been discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Oxidation of metals 36 (1991), S. 157-174 
    ISSN: 1573-4889
    Keywords: bixbyite ; iron-chromium-manganese alloys ; spinel ; oxidation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The oxidation of nine ternary iron-chromium-manganese alloys was studied at 900°C in an oxygen partial pressure of 26.7 kPa. The manganese concentration was set at 2, 6, and 10 wt. %, and chromium at 5, 12, and 20 wt. %. The scales formed on the low-chromium alloys consisted of (Mn,Fe)2O3, α-Fe2O3, and Fe3O4. These alloys all exhibited internal oxidation and scale detachment upon cooling. The scales formed on the higher-chromium alloys were complicated by nodule formation. Initially, these scales had an outer layer of MnCr2O4 with Cr2O3 underneath, adjacent to the alloy. With the passage of time, however, nodules formed, and the overall reaction rate increased. This tendency was more marked at higher manganese contents. Although these alloys contained a high chromium content, the product chromia scale usually contained manganese. It was concluded that the presence of manganese in iron-chromium alloys had an adverse effect on the oxidation resistance over a wide range of chromium levels.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Oxidation of metals 36 (1991), S. 439-464 
    ISSN: 1573-4889
    Keywords: V-A1 alloy ; Cr and Ti additions ; oxidation ; kinetics ; V2O5 ; Al2O3
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The oxidation behavior in air of pure vanadium, V-30Al, V-30Al-10Cr, and V-30Al-10Ti (weight percent) was investigated over the temperature range of 700–1000° C. The oxidation of pure vanadium was characterized by linear kinetics due to the formation of liquid V2O5 which dripped from the sample. The oxidation behavior of the alloys was characterized by linear and parabolic kinetics which combined to give an overall time dependence of 0.6–0.8. An empirical relationship of the form: ΔW/A=Bt + Ct1/2 + D was found to fit the data well, with the linear contribution suspected to be from V2O5 formation for V-30Al and V-30Al-10Cr, and a semi-liquid mixture of V2O5 and Al2O3 for V-30Al-10Ti. The parabolic term is presumed related to the formation of a solid mixture of V2O5 and Al2O3 for V-30Al and V-30Al-10Cr, and TiO2 for V-30Al-10Ti The addition of aluminum was found to reduce the oxidation rate of vanadium, but not to the extent predicted by the theory of competing oxide phases proposed by Wang, Gleeson, and Douglass. This was attributed to the formation of a liquid-oxide phase in the initial stages of exposure from which the alloys could not recover. Ternary additions of chromium and titanium were found to decrease the oxidation rate further, with chromium being the most effective. The oxide scales of the alloys were found to be highly porous at 900° C and 1000° C, due to the high vapor pressure of V2O5 above 800° C.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Oxidation of metals 36 (1991), S. 491-491 
    ISSN: 1573-4889
    Keywords: oxidation ; adhesion ; sulfur ; growth mechanisms ; grain boundaries ; chromia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract A TEM and STEM examination has been carried out of cross-sectioned specimens of convoluted chromia scale formed by oxidizing chromium at 950° C. Sulfur was detected at the oxide/metal interface and the oxide grain boundaries (apart from low-angle grain boundaries), but not within the oxide grains. These results are consistent with the “sulfur effect” theory.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Preferential transmission ; Triticum aestivum ; Aegilops sharonensis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The transmission of chromosome 4S l from Aegilops sharonensis was observed in a range of wheat genetic backgrounds. Chromosome 4S l was transmitted at a very high frequency (at least 97.8%) in all crosses. The genetic background appears to only have a small effect on transmission. The frequency of transmission of chromosome 4S l was the same in each genetic background through both the male and female gametes.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; Aegilops sharonensis ; male sterility ; preferential transmission ; hybrid wheat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Wheat plants nullisomic for chromosome 4B are male sterile due to the absence of the male fertility gene Ms1. However, plants in which chromosome 4B has been substituted by the preferentially transmitted chromosome 4S1 of Ae. sharonensis are male fertile due to the compensating effect of Ms4 on the alien chromosome. This substitution line has been mutated and three recessive mutation of Ms4 have been selected. Plants homozygous for these mutations are male sterile. The implication of these mutations for hybrid wheat production is discussed.
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