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  • nitrogen
  • Springer  (5)
  • American Institute of Physics (AIP)
  • Institute of Physics
  • Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
  • 2020-2022
  • 2010-2014
  • 1990-1994  (5)
  • 1980-1984
  • 1991  (5)
Collection
Keywords
Publisher
  • Springer  (5)
  • American Institute of Physics (AIP)
  • Institute of Physics
  • Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
Years
  • 2020-2022
  • 2010-2014
  • 1990-1994  (5)
  • 1980-1984
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A model to predict transformations and losses of nitrogen in UK pastures grazed by beef cattle (1991)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 132 (1991), S. 165-177 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: ammonia volatilization ; denitrification ; grazing ; model ; nitrate leaching ; nitrogen ; simulation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The model simulates the cycling of N in grassland systems grazed by beef cattle and predicts the annual amount of N in liveweight gain, and the amounts lost through ammonia volatilization, denitrification and leaching, on the basis of fertilizer application and soil and site characteristics. It aims to provide a better understanding of the way in which these various factors interact in their influence on N transformations. The model has been programmed to run on IBM-compatible personal computers and responds rapidly to changes in input parameters. The model has been constructed from the average annual amounts of N passing through various components of the N cycle in ten field systems grazed by beef cattle. The amounts were either measured directly or were calculated from empirical sub-models, assuming a balance between inputs to, and outputs from the soil inorganic N pool. The model is given wide applicability through the inclusion of a mineralization sub-model which is sensitive to soil texture, sward age, previous cropping history, and climatic zone. Another important sub-model determines the partitioning of soil inorganic N to either plant uptake or the processes of loss: the proportion partitioned to plant uptake decreases as the total amount of soil inorganic N increases. Outputs from the model indicate that fertilizer N has a strong influence on ammonia volatilization, denitrification and leaching at a given site but that, over a range of sites with a given rate of fertilizer N, total loss and the proportions lost by the three processes are greatly influenced by the amount of N mineralized by the soil. The model indicates how fertilizer N should be matched with mineralization to limit gaseous and leaching losses and to achieve optimum efficiency of N use in grazing systems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00010397
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inoculation of fumigated nursery soil increases nodulation and yield of bare-root red alder (Alnus rubra Bong.) (1991)
    Springer
    New forests 5 (1991), S. 35-42 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5095
    Keywords: actinorhizae ; fertilization ; Frankia ; nitrogen ; nodulation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract To determine if inoculation increases nodulation and yield of bare-root red alder (Alnus rubra Bong.), fumigated nursery plots were treated with inoculum and ammonium sulfate (28 kg N ha−1) in a factorial experiment. Inoculum was alder soil with 100 infective units of Frankia g−1. Seedlings were evaluated for nodulation at age 10 wk and when lifted, at age 9 mo. Inoculation produced earlier and more extensive nodulation and increased seedling root collar diameter, height, and dry weight. Fertilization decreased seedling height, but did not decrease nodulation. No interaction of fertilization with inoculation was found. Inoculated unfertilized plots had the highest yield of packable seedlings (257 m−2), and uninoculated fertilized seedlings had the lowest yield (126 m−2).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00037549
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Forest fertilization research and practice in the Pacific Northwest (1991)
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 27 (1991), S. 129-140 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Keywords: Douglas-fir ; nitrogen ; mineral cycling ; growth and yield
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Forest managers in the Pacific Northwest (PNW) use fertilization as a means to increase timber yields in managed stands. Information on the biological basis for nutrient amendments and stand growth responses to fertilization is required to effectively use fertilization as a silvicultural tool, and research programs in mineral cycling and forest nutrition have been underway in the region for about four decades. Most PNW Douglas-fir forest sites are nitrogen deficient. Mineral cycling research has shown high C/N ratios and low nitrification rates for soils in the region. Research and development projects in the Pacific Northwest have produced an information base that is used to select sites and stands for fertilization and to forecast growth after treatment. Much of the basis for operational fertilization programs in western Oregon and Washington comes from cooperative research programs; current activities for these programs are directed toward improving site-specific response information. Forest fertilization in the Pacific Northwest has become a silvicultural practice of major significance over the past two decades. Forest industry and government organizations managing forest lands in western Oregon and Washington apply nitrogen fertilizer to Douglas-fir stands over a range of soil and stand types (operational fertilization of other species is minor). About 50,000 to 55,000 ha are fertilized each year, and future programs will likely be of similar magnitude. Most current plans for management regimes including fertilization call for multiple applications.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01048615
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of nitrogen and chlormequat chloride on the seed yield and oil content of mustard (Brassica juncea L. Czern & Coss) (1991)
    Springer
    Plant growth regulation 10 (1991), S. 185-195 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5087
    Keywords: mustard ; Brassica juncea ; nitrogen ; chlormequat chrloride ; seed oil ; seed yield
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The growth of mustard was increased significantly when treated with up to 80 kg N ha−1 (N80). Spraying with (2-chloroethyl) trimethylammoniumchloride (chlormequat chloride) increased seed yield and seed protein content. Spraying nitrogen fertilized plots with chlormequat chloride, increased leaf area, leaf area ratio, leaf area duration, number of siliquae plant−1, number of seeds siliqua−1 and length of siliqua. Reducing, non-reducing and total sugars in the leaves at 80 days after sowing were also affected significantly. Chlorophyll ‘a’, ‘b’ and total chlorophyll were little affected. The number of siliquae plant−1 was highly correlated with seed yield in both the seasons of experimentation. The correlation coefficient value (γ) was 0.586 in 1982/83 and 0.912 in 1983/84. The total accumulation of nutrients, i.e. nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in seed and straw was significantly affected by N80 × chlormequat chloride interaction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00024409
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Temporal variations in some plant and soil P pools in two pasture soils of widely different P fertility status (1991)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 132 (1991), S. 219-232 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: nitrogen ; pasture ; phosphorus ; plant ; P fertility status ; season ; soil ; temporal variations
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Temporal variations in plant production, plant P and some soil P (and N) pools were followed over 21 months in two New Zealand pasture soils of widely different P fertility status. Plant growth rates, and herbage composition at the high-fertility site, were closely linked to soil water use, with growth rates falling when soil water deficits exceeded 60 mm. Herbage P concentrations reflected P fertility, and varied with season, being generally higher in winter and lower in summer. A similar temporal pattern was also observed for labile organic P (NaHCO3-extractable P0) in both soils. In the low-fertility soil in spring, net mineralization was especially strong, but from early winter net immobilization occurred. Surprisingly, Olsen P also changed temporally in the high-fertility soil. The microbial biomass remained fairly constant throughout the year, whereas the P content of the biomass varied seasonally. Although microbial biomass was not a useful index of soil fertility, highest microbial P0 contents coincided with periods of maximum labile P0 mineralization, when herbage production was also at a peak. Net N-mineralization in the low-fertility soil, in contrast to the high-fertility soil, was low but varied seasonally, under standardised incubation conditions. Soil P and N dynamics were apparently synchronised in the low-fertility soil through soil microbial processes, with mineral N being negatively correlated with microbial P0 in samples collected two months later. The results of this investigation suggest that the demands of rapid and sustained pasture growth in spring and early summer can best be met by maximising the build-up of organic matter during the preceding autumn and winter. This practice could help to alleviate the common problem of feed shortage in North Island hill country pastures in late winter-early spring.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00010403
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