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  • Springer  (23)
  • Oxford University Press  (9)
  • American Geophysical Union  (3)
  • American Meteorological Society (AMS)
  • Paleontological Society
  • 2010-2014  (25)
  • 1990-1994  (10)
  • 1970-1974
  • 2014  (25)
  • 1991  (10)
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  • 2010-2014  (25)
  • 1990-1994  (10)
  • 1970-1974
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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 61.12Dw ; 72.10 ; 78.50G
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Czochralski grown silicon crystals contain interstitially dissolved oxygen which diffuses on heating to form precipitates of silica. We have examined these precipitates by small angle neutron scattering (SANS) in the Q-range 0.05 Å−1〈Q〈0.4 Å−1. The obtained SANS patterns reveal pronounced anisotropic intensity distributions which resemble the symmetry of the host crystal. The SANS spectra show an anisotropic central peak at Q〈0.1 Å−1 due to the single particle shape and a number of weak intensities for larger Q-values. These weak side maxima are considered correlation peaks or quasi-elastic interference peaks. They show, however, an unexpected and distinct temperature dependence: with decreasing temperature below values of 220 K their intensity is lost slowly, but reversibly. At T = 50 K only the central peak from the single-particle scattering remains unchanged. Upon heating, the correlation peaks regain their former value of intensity and Q-position without any evidence of thermal hysteresis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Earth, moon and planets 52 (1991), S. 83-86 
    ISSN: 1573-0794
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Observations of the occultation of 28 Sgr by Titan are presented. Apparently being located close to the central line of the occultation track, a double peaked central flash was observed. Some characteristic times of the phenomenon are given.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-1955
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The isolation and purification of a neutral glycolipid fraction fromTaenia crassiceps metacestodes (KBS strain), harvested from both male and female NMRI mice at 70–80 days following intraperitoneal infection, revealed 24 thin-layer chromatography-designated glycolipid bands. The glycolipids were defined as ceramide mono-(n=3), di-(n=3), tri-(n=4), tetra-(n=5), and 〉tetrasaccharides (n=9) according to their running properties as defined by thin-layer chromatography against standards of known structure. The defined glycolipids were tested for immunoreactivity with sera from noninfected andT. crassiceps-infected NMRI mice (intraperitoneal injection or implantation of 15 larvae/animal) using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) until day 33 p.i. (IgM and IgG reaction) and high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) combined with immunostaining (IgG reaction) until day 7 p.i. ELISA-determined IgM and IgG titres were significantly elevated from day 5 p.i. Immunostaining revealed early reactivity for certain ceramide tetra- and 〉tetrasaccharides (n=6) on day 3 p.i. From day 5 p.i. onwards, nearly all glycolipids, including ceramide mono-and disaccharides, were recognized by the sera from metacestode-challenged mice. On day 7 p.i., a total of 22 bands were serologically active; of these, a considerable number (n=10) showed increased staining intensity. Remarkably, in many cases (10 of 20), 3 glycolipids (tetra-and 〉tetrasaccharides) were weakly recognized by mouse sera taken before infection.
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2014-04-25
    Print ISSN: 0944-1344
    Electronic ISSN: 1614-7499
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Published by Springer
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2014-01-23
    Print ISSN: 1430-483X
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-1165
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Published by Springer
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2014-08-07
    Print ISSN: 1430-483X
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-1165
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Published by Springer
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2014-01-24
    Description: Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) have been paid much attention due to their beneficial effects observed in vitro, e.g., prebiotic, anti-infective and anti-inflammatory properties. However, in vivo investigations with regard to HMO metabolism and functions are rare. The few data available indicate that HMOs are absorbed to a low extent and excreted via urine without noteworthy modifications, whereas the major proportion reaches infant's colon undigested. Via intrinsic 13 C-labeling of HMOs during their biosynthesis in the mammary gland of 10 lactating women, we were able to follow the fate of 13 C-labeled oligosaccharides (OSs) from their secretion in milk to the excretion in the urine of their breastfed infants. To a certain extent, we could therefore discriminate between original HMOs and non-labeled OSs derived from degradation of HMOs or endogenous glycoconjugates. By means of our novel, rapid, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS)-based approach, we found a homogeneous time pattern of isotopomer enrichment in milk among all subjects and between single OS species. In contrast, the time curves from infants' urine varied strongly between individuals and OS species, though the overall MALDI-TOF MS profile resembled those of the mothers' milk. Our data suggest that neutral HMOs might be processed and/or utilized differentially after or upon absorption from the gut, as deduced from their structure-dependent variation in the extent of tracer enrichment and in the retention times in infant's organism. This sheds new light on the role of HMOs within infant's body, beyond the intestine and its microbiota alone.
    Print ISSN: 0959-6658
    Electronic ISSN: 1460-2423
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2014-04-29
    Description: Roe deer ( Capreolus capreolus ) are seasonal breeders and cyclic structural changes of roe bucks' testis come along with a totally arrested (winter) and a highly activated spermatogenesis (summer). For this reason, roe buck represents an interesting model to study general mechanisms of initiation and termination of spermatogenesis. We investigated if polysialic acid (polySia)—a linear homopolymer of α2,8-linked sialic acids, which could act as a negative regulator of cell–cell adhesion—might be involved in the activation and/or inactivation of spermatogenesis. To address this point, testis samples of adult male roe deer were collected at different time point of the year. Intriguingly, we observed that polySia attached to the neural cell adhesion molecule was enhanced during the onset of spermatogenesis in April. In addition, polySia was highly expressed in December. Predominantly, polySia was detectable between Sertoli cells and spermatogonia in the basal regions of testicular tubules and in the adluminal part of Sertoli cells. Interestingly, similar polySia distributions were observed during early testis development of other mammalians when gonocytes (pre-spermatogonia) and Sertoli cells represent the only cell populations in tubuli seminiferi . Thus, polySia is expressed during key steps of the "on/off mechanisms" of spermatogenesis and might represent one mediator of the interaction and communication between Sertoli cells and germ cell precursors.
    Print ISSN: 0959-6658
    Electronic ISSN: 1460-2423
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2014-10-09
    Description: The t(1; 11) translocation appears to be the causal genetic lesion with 70% penetrance for schizophrenia, major depression and other psychiatric disorders in a Scottish family. Molecular studies identified the disruption of the disrupted-in-schizophrenia 1 (DISC1) gene by chromosome translocation at chromosome 1q42. Our previous studies, however, revealed that the translocation also disrupted another gene, Boymaw (also termed DISC1FP1), on chromosome 11. After translocation, two fusion genes [the DISC1-Boymaw (DB7) and the Boymaw-DISC1 (BD13)] are generated between the DISC1 and Boymaw genes. In the present study, we report that expression of the DB7 fusion gene inhibits both intracellular NADH oxidoreductase activities and protein translation. We generated humanized DISC1-Boymaw mice with gene targeting to examine the in vivo functions of the fusion genes. Consistent with the in vitro studies on the DB7 fusion gene, protein translation activity is decreased in the hippocampus and in cultured primary neurons from the brains of the humanized mice. Expression of Gad67, Nmdar1 and Psd95 proteins are also reduced. The humanized mice display prolonged and increased responses to the NMDA receptor antagonist, ketamine, on various mouse genetic backgrounds. Abnormal information processing of acoustic startle and depressive-like behaviors are also observed. In addition, the humanized mice display abnormal erythropoiesis, which was reported to associate with depression in humans. Expression of the DB7 fusion gene may reduce protein translation to impair brain functions and thereby contribute to the pathogenesis of major psychiatric disorders.
    Print ISSN: 0964-6906
    Electronic ISSN: 1460-2083
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2014-07-04
    Description: The bromodomain protein Brd4 regulates the transcription of signal-inducible genes. This is achieved by recruiting the positive transcription elongation factor P-TEFb to promoters by its P-TEFb interaction domain (PID). Here we show that Brd4 stimulates the kinase activity of P-TEFb for phosphorylation of the C-terminal domain (CTD) of RNA polymerase II over basal levels. The CTD phosphorylation saturation levels, the preferences for pre-phosphorylated substrates, and the phosphorylation specificity for Ser5 of the CTD however remain unchanged. Inhibition of P-TEFb by Hexim1 is relieved by Brd4, although no mutual displacement with the Cyclin T-binding domain of Hexim1 was observed. Brd4 PID shows a surprising sequence motif similarity to the trans -activating Tat protein from HIV-1, which includes a core RxL motif, a polybasic cluster known as arginine-rich motif, and a C-terminal leucine motif. Mutation of these motifs to alanine significantly diminished the stimulatory effect of Brd4 and fully abrogated its activation potential in presence of Hexim1. Yet the protein was not found to bind Cyclin T1 as Tat, but only P-TEFb with a dissociation constant of 0.5 μM. Our data suggest a model where Brd4 acts on the kinase subunit of P-TEFb to relieve inhibition and stimulate substrate recognition.
    Print ISSN: 0305-1048
    Electronic ISSN: 1362-4962
    Topics: Biology
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