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  • Elsevier  (13)
  • Springer  (13)
  • Geological Society of America  (1)
  • Oxford University Press  (1)
  • American Society of Hematology
  • 2015-2019
  • 2000-2004
  • 1990-1994  (28)
  • 1960-1964
  • 1993  (14)
  • 1991  (14)
Collection
Keywords
Publisher
Years
  • 2015-2019
  • 2000-2004
  • 1990-1994  (28)
  • 1960-1964
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    α-Vertex separator is NP-hard even for 3-regular graphs (1991)
    Springer
    Computing 46 (1991), S. 343-353 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-5057
    Keywords: PLA-folding ; vertex separation ; complexity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Zwei diskrete Optimierungsprobleme beim VLSI-Design sind die Fläche eines programmierbaren logischen Arrays (PLA) zu reduzieren und einen Graphen in möglichst gleich große Teilgraphen zu zerlegen. Wir zeigen, daß eine in der Praxis oft benutzte Flächenreduktionstechnik, das Blockfolding, äquivalent ist zu dem Problem, Graphen durch Wegnahme von Knoten zu zerlegen. Es wird gezeigt, daß dieses Problem schon für 3-reguläre GraphenNP-schwer ist.
    Notes: Abstract Two discrete optimization problems arising in VLSI are to reduce the area of a programmable logic array (PLA) and to separate graphs uniformly. We show that a commonly used area reduction technique called blockfolding is equivalent to separating graphs by vertex deletion. The later problem is shown to be NP-complete even for 3-regular-graphs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02257778
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neutron scattering studies of Bi2Sr2Ca0.5Ho0.5Cu2O8+x (1991)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 85 (1991), S. 35-41 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-6036
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Neutron scattering has been employed to study the crystalline electric field (CEF) interaction at the Ho3+ site in Bi2Sr2Ca0.5Ho0.5Cu2O8+x. The observed energy spectra exhibit a large number of broad but well-resolved CEF transitions between 1.2 and 73 meV, so that we have been able to unambiguously determine all nine CEF parameters required for the average orthorhombic symmetry. The unusually large line widths of the CEF transitions are shown to be related to the modulated structure. The CEF potential is essentially governed by the charge distribution of the CuO2 planes which turns out to be very similar as in HoBa2Cu3O7-x.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01387785
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lactic acid production from enzyme-thinned corn starch usingLactobacillus amylovorus (1991)
    Springer
    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 7 (1991), S. 27-34 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Keywords: Bacterium ; Fermentation ; Nutrition ; Optimization ; Liquefaction ; High-substrate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary An alternative process for industrial lactic acid production was deveooped using a starch degrading lactic acid producing organism,Lactobacillus amylovorus B-4542. In this process, saccharification takes place during the fermentation, eliminating the need for complete hydrolysis of the starch to glucose prior to fermentation. The cost savings of this alternative are substantial since it eliminates the energy input, separate reactor tank, time, and enzyme associated with the typical pre-fermentation saccharification step. The only pre-treatment was gelatinization and enzyme-thinning of the starch to overcome viscosity problems associated with high starch concentrations and to make the starch more rapidly degradable. This fermentation process was optimized for temperature, substrate level, nitrogen source and level, mineral level, B-vitamins, volatile fatty acids, pH, and buffer source. The rate of the reaction and the final level of lactic acid obtained in the optimized liquefied starch process was similar to that obtained withL. delbrueckii B-445 using glucose as the substrate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01575599
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Depth to basement and geoid expression of the Kane Fracture Zone: A comparison (1991)
    Springer
    Marine geophysical researches 13 (1991), S. 105-129 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0581
    Keywords: Geoid topography ; fracture zone morphology ; satellite altimetry ; transform fault ; plate reconstructions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Geoid data from Geosat and subsatellite basement depth profiles of the Kane Fracture Zone in the central North Atlantic were used to examine the correlation between the short-wavelength geoid (λ=25–100 km) and the uncompensated basement topography. The processing technique we apply allows the stacking of geoid profiles, although each repeat cycle has an unknown long-wavelength bias. We first formed the derivative of individual profiles, stacked up to 22 repeat cycles, and then integrated the average-slope profile to reconstruct the geoid height. The stacked, filtered geoid profiles have a noise level of about 7 mm in geoid height. The subsatellite basement topography was obtained from a recent compilation of structure contours on basement along the entire length of the Kane Fracture Zone. The ratio of geoid height to topography over the Kane Fracture Zone valley decreases from about 20–25 cm km-1 over young ocean crust to 5–0 cm km-1 over ocean crust older than 140 Ma. Both geoid and basement depth of profiles were projected perpendicular to the Kane Fracture Zone, resampled at equal intervals and then cross correlated. The cross correlation shows that the short-wavelength geoid height is well correlated with the basement topography. For 33 of the 37 examined pro-files, the horizontal mismatches are 10 km or less with an average mismatch of about 5 km. This correlation is quite good considering that the average width of the Kane Fracture Zone valley at median depth is 10–15 km. The remaining four profiles either cross the transverse ridge just east of the active Kane transform zone or overlie old crust of the M-anomaly sequence. The mismatch over the transverse ridge probably is related to a crustal density anomaly. The relatively poor correlation of geoid and basement depth in profiles of ocean crust older than 130–140 Ma reflects poor basement-depth control along subsatellite tracks.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00286284
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New fluorescent labels for time-resolved detection of biomolecules (1993)
    Springer
    Journal of fluorescence 3 (1993), S. 131-139 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4994
    Keywords: Fluorescence ; multiplex dyes ; photochemistry ; time-resolved spectroscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract New dyes with characteristic fluorescence lifetimes have been developed for bioanalytical applications. Based upon the concept of “multiplex dyes,” we have designed rhodamine dyes with nearly identical absorption and emission spectral characteristics but different fluorescence lifetimes. Extending this principle to applications with laser diodes, new rhodamines with functional groups for covalent coupling of analytes have been developed. The new labels exhibit absortion and fluorescence beyond 600 nm and have a high quantum efficiency, even in aqueous buffer systems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00862730
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genome analysis of intergeneric hybrids of apomictic and sexual Australian Elymus species with wheat, barley and rye: implication for the transfer of apomixis to cereals (1993)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 86 (1993), S. 288-294 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Apomixis ; Wheat ; Barley ; Rye ; Wide hybridization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Four hybrids were obtained between three Australian Elymus taxa and three cereal grains: wheat, rye, and barley. Mean meiotic metaphase-I configurations were 41.14 I, 0.42 rod II, 0.003 ring II, and 0.01 III for E. scabrus var ‘plurinervis’ x Triticum aestivum (1 hybrid plant), 22.27 I, 2.63 rod II, 0.06 ring II, and 0.12 III for E. scabrus var ‘scabrus’ x Secale cereale (4 hybrid plants), and 26.65 I, 0.66 rod II, 0.00 ring II, and 0.01 III for E. scabrus var ‘plurinervis’ x Hordeum vulgare (13 hybrid plants). The I genome of barley also paired very little in a BIII hybrid of apomictic E. rectisetus x H. vulgare (2 hybrid plants). Megasporogenesis in this BIII hybrid was at least facultatively apomeiotic, with the same sort of nuclear elongation, apomeiotic division, and dyad formation seen previously in E. rectisetus itself. All four hybrid combinations were sterile. While spike morphology in the E. scabrus x T. aestivum and E. scabrus x H. vulgare hybrids were intermediate to their parents, E. scabrus x S. cereale and E. rectisetus x H. vulgare looked like their maternal parents.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00222090
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Propidium-iodide-loaded polyalkylcyanoacrylate particles —labelling conditions and loading capacity (1991)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 269 (1991), S. 147-152 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Cyanoacrylate nanoparticles ; propidium iodide ; nanoparticle ; fluorescent labelling ; fluorescent labelling of nanoparticles ; nanoparticle loading capacity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Polyalkylcyanoacrylate nanoparticles were labelled with the fluorescent marker propidium iodide to follow their cellular distribution. Fixation of propidium iodide onto the nanoparticles can be achieved by its addition to the polymerization medium after initiating the polymerization process. However, the charged propidium iodide was found to distort the anionic polymerization process. Therefore, polymerization conditions were optimized with regard to the time of marker addition and marker concentration, loading capacity, and monodispersity of the nanoparticles size distribution.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00660304
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Acrylic acid copolymer nanoparticles for drug delivery. Part II: Characterization of nanoparticles surface-modified by adsorption of ethoxylated surfactants (1993)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 271 (1993), S. 100-105 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Nanoparticles ; acrylic acid copolymer ; ethoxylated surfactants ; hydrophobic interaction chromatography (HIC) ; poloxamer ; poloxamine ; antarox
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Copolymer nanoparticles of acrylic acid, acrylic amide, acrylic butylester, and methacrylic methylester with increasing content of acrylic acid were produced and surface-modified by adsorption of nonionic (Poloxamer 407, Poloxamine 908, Antarox CO 990) and ionic (Gafac RE 960) surfactants. The coated particles were characterized with regard to parameters relevant for the in vivo organ distribution: coating layer thickness, charge-reducing effect of the coating layer and surface hydrophobicity. Gafac was found to form highly charged surface layers leading to recognition by the reticuloendothelial system (RES). The hydrophobicity of the coating layers decreased with increasing thickness. The thickest coating layers were found on the most hydrophobic particles possessing least content of acrylic acid (1.9%). These particles coated with the nonionics were regarded as sufficiently hydrophilic to potentially reduce the uptake by the RES in vivo. The properties of coating layers can therefore be optimized by variation of the monomer ratios in copolymers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00652310
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Excitation and decay processes in helium clusters studied by fluorescence spectroscopy (1993)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 26 (1993), S. 175-177 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-6079
    Keywords: 36.40 ; 67.90+Z ; 71.90+Q
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Excitation and decay processes of helium clusters are investigated with fluorescence methods. The results differ remarkably from that obtained for the heavier rare gas clusters. They are discussed in view of the unusual structural and electronic properties of helium.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01429135
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Excitation and decay processes in helium clusters studied by fluorescence spectroscopy (1993)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 26 (1993), S. 382-384 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-6079
    Keywords: 36.40 ; 67.90+Z ; 71.90+Q
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Excitation and decay processes of helium clusters are investigated with fluorescence methods. The results differ remarkably from that obtained for the heavier rare gas clusters. They are discussed in view of the unusual structural and electronic properties of helium.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01429201
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