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  • 1
    Publication Date: 1990-02-23
    Description: To understand the molecular mechanisms responsible for generating physiologically diverse potassium channels in mammalian cells, mouse genomic clones have been isolated with a potassium channel complementary DNA, MBK1, that is homologous to the Drosophila potassium channel gene, Shaker. A family of three closely related potassium channel genes (MK1, MK2, and MK3) that are encoded at distinct genomic loci has been isolated. Sequence analysis reveals that the coding region of each of these three genes exists as a single uninterrupted exon in the mouse genome. This organization precludes the generation of multiple forms of the protein by alternative RNA splicing, a mechanism known to characterize the Drosophila potassium channel genes Shaker and Shab. Thus, mammals may use a different strategy for generating diverse K+ channels by encoding related genes at multiple distinct genomic loci, each of which produces only a single protein.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chandy, K G -- Williams, C B -- Spencer, R H -- Aguilar, B A -- Ghanshani, S -- Tempel, B L -- Gutman, G A -- AI21366/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI24783/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- NS27206/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Feb 23;247(4945):973-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine 92717.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2305265" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; DNA/genetics ; DNA Probes ; Drosophila/genetics ; Exons ; *Introns ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; *Potassium Channels ; Restriction Mapping
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 1990-12-21
    Description: Ten strains of a new arbovirus belonging to the Bunyamwera group (Bunyaviridae) were recovered from field-collected Aedes albopictus mosquitoes in Potosi, Missouri. This evidence indicates that this species may serve as an arbovirus vector in the United States. The urban-suburban distribution, aggressive biting behavior, and broad viral susceptibility of Ae. albopictus may lead to the transmission of viruses of known public health importance and perhaps of viruses hitherto not transmitted to humans because of the feeding pattern of their usual vectors.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Francy, D B -- Karabatsos, N -- Wesson, D M -- Moore, C G Jr -- Lazuick, J S -- Niebylski, M L -- Tsai, T F -- Craig, G B Jr -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Dec 21;250(4988):1738-40.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control, U.S. Public Health Service, Fort Collins, CO 80522.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2270489" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aedes/*microbiology ; Animals ; Arboviruses/*isolation & purification ; Asia ; Humans ; Insect Vectors ; United States
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 1990-11-23
    Description: The mechanisms by which expression of the beta-like globin genes are developmentally regulated are under intense investigation. The temporal control of human embryonic (epsilon) globin expression was analyzed. A 3.7-kilobase (kb) fragment that contained the entire human epsilon-globin gene was linked to a 2.5-kb cassette of the locus control region (LCR), and the developmental time of expression of this construct was studied in transgenic mice. The human epsilon-globin transgene was expressed in yolk sac-derived primitive erythroid cells, but not in fetal liver or bone marrow-derived definitive erythroid cells. The absence of epsilon gene expression in definitive erythroid cells suggests that the developmental regulation of the epsilon-globin gene depends only on the presence of the LCR and the epsilon-globin gene itself (that is, an autonomous negative control mechanism). The autonomy of epsilon-globin gene developmental control distinguishes it from the competitive mechanism of regulation of gamma and beta-globin genes, and therefore, suggests that at least two distinct mechanisms function in human hemoglobin switching.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Raich, N -- Enver, T -- Nakamoto, B -- Josephson, B -- Papayannopoulou, T -- Stamatoyannopoulos, G -- DK 3132/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- HL 20899/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Nov 23;250(4984):1147-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Medical Genetics, University of Washington, Seattle 98195.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2251502" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bone Marrow/embryology ; Bone Marrow Cells ; Erythroid Precursor Cells/metabolism ; Erythropoiesis ; Fetus/*metabolism ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; Globins/*genetics ; Hemoglobins/biosynthesis ; Humans ; Liver/cytology/embryology ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; Yolk Sac/cytology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 1990-01-19
    Description: Asbestos is a commercial term for a group of fibrous minerals often associated with the development of pulmonary interstitial fibrosis (asbestosis), lung cancer, and malignant mesothelioma in occupationally exposed individuals. The pathogenicity of different forms of asbestos varies--long, thin amphibole fibers are most pathogenic, particularly in the induction of mesothelioma. Available data do not support the concept that low-level exposure to asbestos is a health hazard in buildings and schools. The concentration of asbestos fibers in air, type of asbestos, and size of fibers must be considered in evaluation of potential health risks.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mossman, B T -- Bignon, J -- Corn, M -- Seaton, A -- Gee, J B -- R01 CA33501/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 ES03878/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL39469/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Jan 19;247(4940):294-301.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pathology, University of Vermont, College of Medicine, Burlington 05405.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2153315" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Asbestos/*adverse effects ; Asbestos, Amphibole ; Asbestos, Serpentine ; Asbestosis ; Chemistry, Physical ; Disease Models, Animal ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms/etiology ; Mesothelioma/etiology ; Molecular Structure ; Occupational Diseases/etiology ; Physicochemical Phenomena ; *Public Policy ; Pulmonary Fibrosis/etiology ; Risk Factors ; Silicon Dioxide/adverse effects ; Smoking/adverse effects ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 1990-07-13
    Description: T cell hybridomas that express zeta zeta, but not zeta eta, dimers in their T cell receptors (TCRs) produce interleukin-2 (IL-2) and undergo an inhibition of spontaneous growth when activated by antigen, antibodies to the receptor, or antibodies to Thy-1. Hybridomas without zeta and eta were reconstituted with mutated zeta chains. Cytoplasmic truncations of up to 40% of the zeta molecule reconstituted normal surface assembly of TCRs, but antigen-induced IL-2 secretion and growth inhibition were lost. In contrast, cross-linking antibodies to the TCR activated these cells. A point mutation conferred the same signaling phenotype as did the truncations and caused defective antigen-induced tyrosine kinase activation. Thus zeta allows the binding of antigen/major histocompatibility complex (MHC) to alpha beta to effect TCR signaling.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Frank, S J -- Niklinska, B B -- Orloff, D G -- Mercep, M -- Ashwell, J D -- Klausner, R D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Jul 13;249(4965):174-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Cell Biology and Metabolism Branch, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2371564" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Cross-Linking Reagents ; Dose-Response Relationship, Immunologic ; Hybridomas ; Immunity, Cellular ; Immunoblotting ; Interleukin-2/*biosynthesis ; Ligands ; *Lymphocyte Activation ; Major Histocompatibility Complex ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Peptide Fragments/genetics/*immunology ; Precipitin Tests ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/genetics/*immunology ; Signal Transduction ; T-Lymphocytes/*immunology ; Transfection
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    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 1990-08-03
    Description: Four cloned cDNAs encoding 900-amino acid putative glutamate receptors with approximately 70 percent sequence identity were isolated from a rat brain cDNA library. In situ hybridization revealed differential expression patterns of the cognate mRNAs throughout the brain. Functional expression of the cDNAs in cultured mammalian cells generated receptors displaying alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid (AMPA)-selective binding pharmacology (AMPA = quisqualate greater than glutamate greater than kainate) as well as cation channels gated by glutamate, AMPA, and kainate and blocked by 6,7-dinitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione (CNQX).〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Keinanen, K -- Wisden, W -- Sommer, B -- Werner, P -- Herb, A -- Verdoorn, T A -- Sakmann, B -- Seeburg, P H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Aug 3;249(4968):556-60.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Molecular Neuroendocrinology, University of Heidelberg, F.R.G.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2166337" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Brain/*metabolism/physiology ; Glutamates/metabolism/pharmacology ; Ibotenic Acid/analogs & derivatives/*pharmacology ; Kainic Acid/pharmacology ; Kinetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; *Multigene Family ; Oligonucleotide Probes ; Organ Specificity ; Oxadiazoles/pharmacology ; Oxazoles/*pharmacology ; Quisqualic Acid ; RNA, Messenger/analysis/genetics ; Rats ; Receptors, Glutamate ; Receptors, Neurotransmitter/drug effects/*genetics/physiology ; Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid ; alpha-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic Acid
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 1990-08-03
    Description: Chronic endobronchial infection with mucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa accounts for much of the morbidity and mortality in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). Reduced morbidity is observed when infection is absent. Clinical investigations have implicated opsonizing antibody specific for the mucoid exopolysaccharide (MEP) surrounding these bacteria as a potential immunologic protective mechanism, whereas nonopsonizing antibody to MEP is not protective. Mice and rats immunized with doses of MEP that elicited opsonizing antibody had reduced levels of infection compared with nonimmune controls after intratracheal challenge with mucoid P. aeruginosa enmeshed in agar beads. Doses of MEP that elicited nonopsonizing antibody were not protective. Parallel experiments in which passive transfer of polyclonal and monoclonal opsonizing and nonopsonizing antibody were used yielded similar results. These data indicate that MEP-specific opsonizing antibody can protect against chronic P. aeruginosa infection in this model of disease.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pier, G B -- Small, G J -- Warren, H B -- AI 22534/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI 22806/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Aug 3;249(4968):537-40.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Animal Resource Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2116663" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/*therapeutic use ; Cystic Fibrosis/complications ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; Immunization, Passive ; Lung/pathology ; Polysaccharides, Bacterial/*immunology ; Pseudomonas Infections/*immunology/pathology/prevention & control ; Pseudomonas aeruginosa/immunology ; Rats
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 1990-05-11
    Description: Female green turtles exhibit strong nest-site fidelity as adults, but whether the nesting beach is the natal site is not known. Under the natal homing hypothesis, females return to their natal beach to nest, whereas under the social facilitation model, virgin females follow experienced breeders to nesting beaches and after a "favorable" nesting experience, fix on that site for future nestings. Differences shown in mitochondrial DNA genotype frequency among green turtle colonies in the Caribbean Sea and Atlantic Ocean are consistent with natal homing expectations and indicate that social facilitation to nonnatal sites is rare.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Meylan, A B -- Bowen, B W -- Avise, J C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 May 11;248(4956):724-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Natural Resources, Florida Marine Research Institute, Petersburgh 33701.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2333522" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; DNA, Mitochondrial/*genetics ; Female ; Genotype ; Models, Psychological ; *Orientation ; *Social Facilitation ; Turtles/genetics/*physiology
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 1990-09-28
    Description: In the central nervous system (CNS), the principal mediators of fast synaptic excitatory neurotransmission are L-glutamate-gated ion channels that are responsive to the glutamate agonist alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid (AMPA). In each member of a family of four abundant AMPA receptors, a small segment preceding the predicted fourth transmembrane region has been shown to exist in two versions with different amino acid sequences. These modules, designated "flip" and "flop," are encoded by adjacent exons of the receptor genes and impart different pharmacological and kinetic properties on currents evoked by L-glutamate or AMPA, but not those evoked by kainate. For each receptor, the alternatively spliced messenger RNAs show distinct expression patterns in rat brain, particularly in the CA1 and CA3 fields of the hippocampus. These results identify a switch in the molecular and functional properties of glutamate receptors operated by alternative splicing.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sommer, B -- Keinanen, K -- Verdoorn, T A -- Wisden, W -- Burnashev, N -- Herb, A -- Kohler, M -- Takagi, T -- Sakmann, B -- Seeburg, P H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Sep 28;249(4976):1580-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Molecular Neuroendocrinology, Center for Molecular Biology, University of Heidelberg, F.R.G.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1699275" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Brain/*metabolism ; DNA/genetics ; Exons ; Genomic Library ; Glutamates/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Ibotenic Acid/*analogs & derivatives/metabolism/pharmacology ; Ion Channels/*physiology ; Kinetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Oligonucleotide Probes ; Organ Specificity ; *RNA Splicing ; RNA, Messenger/*genetics ; Rats ; Receptors, AMPA ; Receptors, Glutamate ; Receptors, Neurotransmitter/drug effects/*genetics/physiology ; Recombinant Proteins/metabolism ; alpha-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic Acid
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 1990-12-21
    Description: The progesterone receptor (PR) in the chicken oviduct is a phosphoprotein that regulates gene transcription in the presence of progesterone. Treatment with progesterone in vivo stimulates phosphorylation of the progesterone receptor. With transient transfection assays, the present work has tested whether phosphorylation participates in the regulation of PR-mediated transcription. Treatment with 8-bromo-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (8-Br cAMP), a stimulator of cAMP-dependent protein kinase [protein kinase A (PKA)], mimicked progesterone-dependent, receptor-mediated transcription in the absence of progesterone. Inhibition of PKA blocked hormone action. Treatment with okadaic acid, an inhibitor of protein phosphatases 1 and 2A, stimulated transcription in a manner similar to that of progesterone. These observations suggest that phosphorylation of the PR or other proteins in the transcription complex can modulate PR-mediated transcription in vivo.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Denner, L A -- Weigel, N L -- Maxwell, B L -- Schrader, W T -- O'Malley, B W -- HD-07857/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- HD-22061/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Dec 21;250(4988):1740-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cell Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2176746" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate/pharmacology ; Animals ; Cell Line ; Chickens ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Kinetics ; Oviducts/metabolism ; Phosphoprotein Phosphatases/antagonists & inhibitors ; Phosphorylation ; Progesterone/*pharmacology ; Receptors, Progesterone/*metabolism ; *Transcription, Genetic/drug effects ; Transfection
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